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Daƙiƙa:Yin Asuwaki

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Yin asuwaki na daga cikin sunnonin Musulunci da aka jaddada, kuma hadisai da dama sun yi kwaɗaitarwa a kansa. A fiƙihun Shi'a, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin aiki na mustahabbi, amma a wasu yanayi kamar yin asuwaki a banɗaki ko wurin wanka yana kasancewa makaruhi. Haka kuma, idan mai azumi ya haɗiye danshin da ke jikin asuwaki, azuminsa yana ɓaci.

An fi ƙarfafa yin asuwaki a lokuta kamar kafin sallah, lokacin kwanciya barci, kafin alwala, da kuma lokacin sahur. Haka nan, an ambaci wasu ladubba na yin asuwaki, kamar karanta addu'a ta musamman, yin kurkure baki, da amfani da sandar asuwaki ta itacen arak ko zaitun. Duk da haka, wasu ruwayoyi sun fi jaddada muhimmancin asalin tsaftace haƙora gaba ɗaya.

Matsayi da Muhimmanci

Yin asuwaki, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mustahabbai da aka jaddada,[1] ana ɗaukarsa cikin ladubban sallah da alwala.[2] Haka kuma yana daga cikin sunnonin annabawa,[3] kuma yana cikin wasiyyoyin da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi wa Imam Ali (A.S).[4]

A cikin ruwayoyin Ma'asumai (A.S), an yi matuƙar ƙarfafa yin asuwaki. An ruwaito fiye da hadisai tamanin game da falalarsa da ladubbansa a cikin littafin Wasa'ilush Shi'a.[5] Haka kuma, malamai sun tattauna wannan batu a babuka daban-daban na fiƙihu, kamar ɗahara,[6] sallah,[7] azumi,[8] da hajji.[9] An kuma yi bayani a kansa a cikin littattafan tarbiyya da ladubba, kamar Hilyatul Muttaƙin na Allama Majlisi,[10] Asrar al-Salat na Maliki Tabrizi,[11] da Mafatihul Hayat na Jawadi Amoli.[12]

An kuma ɗauki yin asuwaki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin siffofi na musamman na Manzon Allah (S.A.W).[13] A bisa abin da aka samu a wasu ruwayoyi, duk da cewa ba a wajabta shi ba don kada ya jefa musulmi cikin ƙunci,[14] amma Annabi (S.A.W) ya ba shi muhimmanci sosai har ya yi zaton za a wajabta shi nan ba da jimawa ba.[15] Haka kuma, an ruwaito cewa ladan sallar da aka yi bayan yin asuwaki ya fi ladan sallar da ba a yi asuwaki ba har sau saba'in.[16]

Tasiri Da Ladubban Yin Asuwaki

A cikin ruwayoyi, an ambaci falaloli da amfani masu yawa na yin asuwaki. A wata ruwaya ma an lissafo fa'idodi goma sha biyu da yake da su,[17] ciki har da tsaftace baki, faranta haƙora, hana haƙora ruɓewa, da ƙarfafa dasashi.[18]

Yin asuwaki mustahabbi ne, amma an fi ƙarfafa shi a wasu lokuta, kamar lokacin sahur, kafin alwala da sallah,[19] kafin kwanciya barci,[20] bayan farkawa daga barci da kafin sallah asuba ta jam'i,[21] da kuma lokacin karatun Alƙur'ani.[22]

Haka kuma, an ambaci wasu ladubba na yin asuwaki, kamar karanta addu'a ta musamman,[23] yin kurkure baki,[24] da goge haƙora a tsaye.[25] An kuma fi so a yi amfani da sandar asuwaki daga itacen arak ko zaitun, domin an ruwaito cewa wannan shi ne asuwakin Manzon Allah (S.A.W)[26] da sauran annabawa.[27] Duk da haka, wasu ruwayoyi sun kuma ƙarfafa yin asuwaki da yatsa ko kuma da reshen wasu itatuwa.[28]

Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu Kan Yin Asuwaki

  • A babin ɗahara: A ra'ayin mafi yawan malaman fiƙihu, yin asuwaki a wurin wanka ko banɗaki makaruhi ne.[29] Sai dai wasu malaman sun ce wannan karhancin ya taƙaitu ne ga lokacin biyan buƙata.[30] Amma Shaik Mufid ya ɗauki yin asuwaki a lokacin biyan buƙata a matsayin haram.[31] Haka kuma, yin asuwaki yana daga cikin ladubban mustahabban alwala da sallah.[32]
  • A babin azumi: Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, idan mai azumi ya cire asuwaki mai ɗanɗano daga bakinsa sannan ya mayar da shi, kuma ya haɗiye danshin da ke jikinsa, azuminsa ya ɓaci; sai dai idan danshin ya narke gaba ɗaya cikin yawun baki.[33] Haka kuma, yin asuwaki da sanda mai ɗanɗano ga mai azumi yana da karhanci.[34]
  • A babin hajji: Yin asuwaki kafin shiga ihrami mustahabbi ne.[35] Amma idan mai ihrami ya san cewa yin asuwaki zai sa dasashinsa ya zubar da jini, to yin hakan haram ne a wurinsa.[36] Sai dai Ayatullahi Sistani yana ganin cewa yin asuwaki yayin ihrami ya halatta, ko da mutum ya san zai zubar da jini.[37]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  2. ↑ Majlisi, Lawami Sahibqirani, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 449; Shirazi, Al-Fiqh Al-Nazafah, shafi na 88.
  3. ↑ Saduq, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 55.
  4. ↑ Saduq, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 53.
  5. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, juzu'i na biyu, shafuka na 5–27.
  6. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 70.
  7. ↑ Majlisi, Lawami' Sahibqirani, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 449.
  8. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatu al-Wusƙa, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 588; Majlisi, Lawami' Sahibqirani, juzu'i na shida, shafi na 371.
  9. ↑ Mahmudi, Manasik Umra Mufrada (Muhashi), shafi na 75.
  10. ↑ Majlisi, Hilyat al-Muttaqin, shafuka na 155–157.
  11. ↑ Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  12. ↑ Jawadi Amoli, Mafatih al-Hayat, shafuka na 43–45.
  13. ↑ Karaki, Jami' al-Maqasid, juzu'i na goma sha biyu, shafi na 52; Suyuti, Al-Khasa'is al-Kubra, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 396.
  14. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 22.
  15. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 73, shafi na 126.
  16. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 22.
  17. ↑ Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 45.
  18. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 8.
  19. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 23."
  20. ↑ Tabataba'i, Sunan al-Nabi (S.A,W), shafi na 265; Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  21. ↑ Tabataba'i, Sunan al-Nabi (S.A,W), shafi na 265; Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  22. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, juzu'i na biyu, shafuka na 22–23.
  23. ↑ Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  24. ↑ Shirazi, Al-Fiqh – Al-Nazafah, shafi na 88..
  25. ↑ Tabrisi, Makarim al-Akhlaq, shafi na 50.
  26. ↑ Tabrisi, Makarim al-Akhlaq, shafi na 48.
  27. ↑ Maliki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
  28. ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, juzu'i na biyu, shafuka na 23–24.
  29. ↑ Ibn Hamza, Al-Wasila, shafi na 48;Muhaqqiq Hilli, Al-Mu'tabar fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 137.
  30. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 70.
  31. ↑ Shaik Mufid, Al-Muqni'a, shafi na 41.
  32. ↑ Majlisi, Lawami' Sahibqirani, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 449.
  33. ↑ Bani Hashimi Khumaini, Risala Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji', Ofishin Intisharat Islami, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 892.
  34. ↑ Tabataba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatu al-Wusƙa, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 588; Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Risala Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, Ofishin Intisharat Islami, juzu'i na daya, shafi na 925.
  35. ↑ Muhammadi Ri-Shahri, Hajj wa Umra dar Qur'an wa Hadis, shafi na 183.
  36. ↑ Cibiyar Bincike kan Hajji da Ziyara, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, shafi na 197.
  37. ↑ Cibiyar Bincike kan Hajji da Ziyara, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, shafi na 197.

Nassoshi

  • Bani Hashimi Khumaini, Sayyid Muhammad Hasan, Risala Tawdih al-Masa'il Maraji, Qum, Ofishin bugawa Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'ar Mudarrisin Hawza Ilmiyya ta Qum.
  • Hurru Amili, Muhammad bn Hasan, Wasa'il al-Shi'a, Qum, Cibiyar Alul-Bayt (AS).
  • Ibn Hamza, Muhammad bn Ali, Al-Wasila, Qum, bugawa laburaren Ayatullahi Mar'ashi Najafi.
  • Jawadi Amoli, Abdullah, Mafatih al-Hayat, Qum, Mawallafar Isra.
  • Karaki, Ali bn Husaini, Jami' al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qawa'id, Qum, Cibiyar Alul-Bayt.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad bn Ya'qub, Al-Kafi, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya.
  • Mahmudi, Muhammad Rida, Manasik Umratu Mufrada (Muhashi), Qum, Mash'ar.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Hilyat al-Muttaqin, Qum, bugawa Masjid Muqaddas Jamkaran.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi, Lawami' Sahibqirani, Qum, Isma'iliyan.
  • Maliki Tabrizi, Mirza Jawad, Asrar al-Salat, mai fassara Rida Rajabzadeh, Tehran, Payam Azadi.
  • Muhammadi Ri-Shahri, Muhammad, Hajj wa Umra dar Qur'an wa Hadis, Qum, Mawallafar Mash'ar.
  • Muhaqqiq Hilli, Ja'far bn Hasan, Al-Mu'tabar fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar, Qum, Cibiyar Sayyid al-Shuhada (AS).
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahirul Kalam, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
  • Cibiyar Bincike kan Hajji da Ziyara, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, Tehran, Mash'ar.
  • Saduq, Muhammad bn Ali, Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Qum, Ofishin bugawa Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantar Ilimi ta Addini ta Qum.
  • Shaik Mufid, Muhammad bn Muhammad, Al-Muqni'a, Qum, Ofishin bugawa Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantar Ilimi ta Addini ta Qum.
  • Shirazi, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Al-Fiqh – Al-Nazafah, ba a ambaci wurin bugawa ba. (Manhajar Fiqhun Ahlul Baiti 2 Nur)
  • Suyuti, Abdurrahman bn Abi Bakr, Al-Khasa'is al-Kubra, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya.
  • Tabarsi, Hasan bn Fadl, Makarim al-Akhlaq, Qum, Mawallafar Sharif Radi.
  • Tabataba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwatu al-Wusƙa (Al-Muhashsha), Qum, Ofishin bugawa Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantar Ilimi ta Addini ta Qum.
  • Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Sunan al-Nabi (S.A.W), Qum, Ofishin bugawa Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Malaman Makarantar Ilimi ta Addini ta Qum.
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