Daƙiƙa:Yin Asuwaki
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| Sashe dagaHukunce-hukuncen Aiki da na Fiƙihu |
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Yin Asuwaki na daga cikin sunnonin Musulunci da aka jaddada, kuma hadisai da dama sun yi kwaɗaitarwa a kansa. A fiƙihun Shi'a, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin aiki na mustahabbi, amma a wasu yanayi kamar yin asuwaki a banɗaki ko wurin wanka yana kasancewa makaruhi. Haka kuma, idan mai azumi ya haɗiye danshin da ke jikin asuwaki, azuminsa yana ɓaci.
An fi ƙarfafa yin asuwaki a lokuta kamar kafin sallah, lokacin kwanciya barci, kafin alwala, da kuma lokacin sahur. Haka nan, an ambaci wasu ladubba na yin asuwaki, kamar karanta addu'a ta musamman, yin kurkure baki, da amfani da sandar asuwaki ta itacen arak ko zaitun. Duk da haka, wasu ruwayoyi sun fi jaddada muhimmancin asalin tsaftace haƙora gaba ɗaya.
Matsayi da Muhimmanci
Yin asuwaki, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mustahabbai da aka jaddada,[1] ana ɗaukarsa cikin ladubban sallah da alwala.[2] Haka kuma yana daga cikin sunnonin annabawa,[3] kuma yana cikin wasiyyoyin da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi wa Imam Ali (A.S).[4]
A cikin ruwayoyin Ma'asumai (A.S), an yi matuƙar ƙarfafa yin asuwaki. An ruwaito fiye da hadisai tamanin game da falalarsa da ladubbansa a cikin littafin Wasa'ilush Shi'a.[5] Haka kuma, malamai sun tattauna wannan batu a babuka daban-daban na fiƙihu, kamar ɗahara,[6] sallah,[7] azumi,[8] da hajji.[9] An kuma yi bayani a kansa a cikin littattafan tarbiyya da ladubba, kamar Hilyatul Muttaƙin na Allama Majlisi,[10] Asrarus Salat na Malki Tabrizi,[11] da Mafatihul Hayat na Jawadi Amoli.[12]
An kuma ɗauki yin asuwaki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin siffofi na musamman na Manzon Allah (S.A.W).[13] A bisa abin da aka samu a wasu ruwayoyi, duk da cewa ba a wajabta shi ba don kada ya jefa musulmi cikin ƙunci,[14] amma Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya ba shi muhimmanci sosai har ya yi zaton za a wajabta shi nan ba da jimawa ba.[15] Haka kuma, an ruwaito cewa ladan sallar da aka yi bayan yin asuwaki ya fi ladan sallar da ba a yi asuwaki ba har sau saba'in.[16]
Tasiri Da Ladubban Yin Asuwaki
A cikin ruwayoyi, an ambaci falaloli da amfani masu yawa na yin asuwaki. A wata ruwaya ma an lissafo fa'idodi goma sha biyu da yake da su,[17] ciki har da tsaftace baki, faranta haƙora, hana haƙora ruɓewa, da ƙarfafa dasashi.[18]
Yin asuwaki mustahabbi ne, amma an fi ƙarfafa shi a wasu lokuta, kamar lokacin sahur, kafin alwala da sallah,[19] kafin kwanciya barci,[20] bayan farkawa daga barci da kafin sallah asuba ta jam'i,[21] da kuma lokacin karatun Alƙur'ani.[22]
Haka kuma, an ambaci wasu ladubba na yin asuwaki, kamar karanta addu'a ta musamman,[23] yin kurkure baki,[24] da goge haƙora a tsaye.[25] An kuma fi so a yi amfani da sandar asuwaki daga itacen arak ko zaitun, domin an ruwaito cewa wannan shi ne asuwakin Manzon Allah (S.A.W)[26] da sauran annabawa.[27] Duk da haka, wasu ruwayoyi sun kuma ƙarfafa yin asuwaki da yatsa ko kuma da reshen wasu itatuwa.[28]
Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu Kan Yin Asuwaki
- A babin ɗahara: A ra'ayin mafi yawan malaman fiƙihu, yin asuwaki a wurin wanka ko banɗaki makaruhi ne.[29] Sai dai wasu malaman sun ce wannan karhancin ya taƙaitu ne ga lokacin biyan buƙata.[30] Amma Shaik Mufid ya ɗauki yin asuwaki a lokacin biyan buƙata a matsayin haramun.[31] Haka kuma, yin asuwaki yana daga cikin ladubban mustahabban alwala da sallah.[32]
- A babin azumi: Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, idan mai azumi ya cire asuwaki mai ɗanɗano daga bakinsa sannan ya mayar da shi, kuma ya haɗiye danshin da ke jikinsa, azuminsa ya ɓaci; sai dai idan danshin ya narke gaba ɗaya cikin yawun baki.[33] Haka kuma, yin asuwaki da sanda mai ɗanɗano ga mai azumi yana da karhanci.[34]
- A babin hajji: Yin asuwaki kafin shiga ihrami mustahabbi ne.[35] Amma idan mai ihrami ya san cewa yin asuwaki zai sa dasashinsa ya zubar da jini, to yin hakan haram ne a wurinsa.[36] Sai dai Ayatullahi Sistani yana ganin cewa yin asuwaki yayin ihrami ya halatta, ko da mutum ya san zai zubar da jini.[37]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Majlisi, Lawami Sahibƙarani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 449; Shirazi, Al-Fiƙhun Nazafa, shafi na 88.
- ↑ Saduƙ, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu juzu'i na 1, shafi na 55.
- ↑ Saduƙ, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu juzu'i na 1, shafi na 53.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 2, shafuka na 5–27.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 70.
- ↑ Majlisi, Lawami Sahibƙarani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 449.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 588; Majlisi, Lawami Sahibƙarani, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 371.
- ↑ Mahmudi, Manasik Umra Mufrada (Muhashi), shafi na 75.
- ↑ Majlisi, Hilyatul Muttaƙin, shafuka na 155–157.
- ↑ Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Jawadi Amoli, Mafatihul Hayat, shafuka na 43–45.
- ↑ Karaki, Jami'ul Maƙasid, juzu'i na 12, shafi na 52; Suyuɗi, Al-Khasa'isul Kubra, juzu'i na biyu, shafi na 396.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 22.
- ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 73, shafi na 126.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 22.
- ↑ Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 45.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 8.
- ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na uku, shafi na 23."
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sunanun Nabi (S.A.W), shafi na 265; Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sunanun Nabi (S.A.W), shafi na 265; Malki Tabrizi, Asrar al-Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 2, shafuka na 22–23.
- ↑ Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Shirazi, Al-Fiƙhun Nazafa, shafi na 88.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Makarimul-Akhlaƙ, shafi na 50.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Makarimul-Akhlaƙ, shafi na 48.
- ↑ Malki Tabrizi, Asrarus Salat, shafi na 46.
- ↑ Hurru Amili, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, juzu'i na 2, shafuka na 23–24.
- ↑ Ibn Hamza, Al-Wasila, shafi na 48;Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Al-Mu'utabar Fi Sharhil Mukhtasar, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 137.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 70.
- ↑ Shaik Mufid, Al-Muƙni'a, shafi na 41.
- ↑ Majlisi, Lawami Sahibƙarani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 449.
- ↑ Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Risalatu Taudihul Masa'il Maraji, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 892.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 588; Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Risalatu Taudihul Masa'il Maraji, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 925.
- ↑ Muhammadi Rai Shahri, Hajj wa Umra dar Qur'an wa Hadis, shafi na 183.
- ↑ Pajuheshkadeye Haj wa Ziyarat, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, shafi na 197.
- ↑ Pajuheshkadeye Haj wa Ziyarat, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, shafi na 197.
Nassoshi
- Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Sayyid Muhammad Hassan, Risalatu Taudihul Masa'il Maraji, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qom, babu kwanan wata.
- Hurru Amili, Muhammad Bin Hassan, Wasa'ilush Shi'a, Qom, Cibiyar Alul-Bait (AS), 1409H.
- Ibn Hamza, Muhammad Bin Ali, Al-Wasila, Qom, Kitabkhune Ayatullahi Mar'ashi Najafi,1408H.
- Jawadi Amoli, Abdullah, Mafatihul Hayat, Qom, Mawallafar Isra.
- Karaki, Ali Bin Husaini, Jami'ul Maƙasid fi Sharhil Ƙawa'id, Qom, Cibiyar Alul-Bait, 1414H.
- Kulaini, Muhammad Bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1407H.
- Mahmudi, Muhammad Rida, Manasik Umra Mufrada (Muhashi), Qom, Mash'ar, 1429H.
- Majlisi, Muhammad Baƙir, Bihar al-Anwar,, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, 1403H.
- Majlisi, Muhammad Baƙir, Hilyatul Muttaƙin, Qom, Mawallafar Masjid Muƙaddas Jamkaran, 1388Sh.
- Majlisi, Muhammad Taƙi, Lawami Sahƙarani, Qom, Isma'iliyan. 1414H.
- Malki Tabrizi, Mirza Jawad, Asrarus Salat, mai fassara Rida Rajabzadeh, Tehran, Payam Azadi, 1420H.
- Muhammadi Rai Shahri, Muhammad, Hajj wa Umra dar Qur'an wa Hadis, Qom, Mawallafar Mash'ar, 1428H.
- Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Jafar Bin Hassan, Al-Mu'utabar Fi Sharhil Mukhtasar, Qom, Cibiyar Sayyidush Shuhada (A.S), 1407H.
- Najafi, Muhammad Hasan, Jawahirul Kalam, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turas al-Arabi, 1404H.
- Pajuheshkadeye Haj wa Ziyarat, Manasik Hajj Muhashi, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1396Sh.
- Saduƙ, Muhammad Bin Ali, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qom, 1396Sh.
- Shaik Mufid, Muhammad Bin Muhammad, Al-Muƙni'a, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qom, 1410H.
- Shirazi, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Al-Fiƙhun Nazafa, ba a ambaci wurin bugawa ba. (Manhajar Fiƙihun Ahlul Baiti 2 Noor)
- Suyuɗi, Abdur-Rahman Bin Abi Bakr, Al-Khasa'isul Kubra, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, babu kwanan wata.
- Ɗabrisi, Hassan Bin Fadl, Makarimul-Akhlaƙ, Qom, Mawallafar Sharif Radi, 1412H.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa (Al-Muhashi), Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qom, 1416H.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Sunanun Nabi (S.A.W), Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami wanda ke ƙarƙashin Jami'e Mudarrisin Hauze Ilmiyya Qom, 1416H.