Jump to content

Daƙiƙa:Suratul Fatiha

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Suratul Fatiha
Suratul
Suratul
Suratul Fatiha
Baƙara
[[Suratul Baƙara]]
Lambar Sura1
Juzu'i1
Jerantuwa Ta Sauka5
Adadin Ayoyi7
Adadin Kalmomi29
Adadin Haruffa143
Makkiya/MadaniyyaMakkiyya


Suratul Hamdi da rubutun ado na Mir Imad

Suratul Fatiha ko Hamdu ita ce sura ta farko a cikin Alƙur'ani, ana kiranta da sunan Ummul-Kitab. Tana daga cikin surorin Makka, kuma tana cikin juzu'i na farko. Ana karanta Suratul Fatiha a cikin sallolin farilla da na nafila, kuma babban abin da take ƙunshe da shi shi ne tauhidi da yabon Allah Maɗaukaki.

An kawo cewa daga cikin falalar wannan sura akwai cewa saukar ta ta kasance dalilin rashin saukar azaba ga al'ummar Musulmi. Karanta Suratul Hamdi a raka'a ta farko da ta biyu na sallolin wajibi da na nafila wajibi ne. Haka kuma karanta wannan sura a gefen mara lafiya da lokacin sanya mamaci a kabari, abin so ne (mustahabbi).

Gabatarwa

  • Sunaye da dalilin sanya mata wannan suna

Babban sunan wannan sura shi ne Fatihatul-Kitab, saboda ita ce sura ta farko a cikin Alƙur'ani kuma Alƙur'ani yana buɗewa da ita. Wannan sura ita ce sura ta farko cikakkiya da aka saukar wa Annabi (S.A.W).[1]

An ambaci sunaye sama da ashirin na wannan sura. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu sun haɗa da: Hamdu, Ummul-ƙur'ani, Sab'ul Masani, Kanz (taska), Asas (tushe), Munajati (sirrin magana da Allah), Shifa (waraka), Addu'a, Kafiya, Wafiya, Raqiya (mai yin kariya da neman tsari).[2] Jalaluddin Suyuɗi, a cikin littafinsa Al-Itƙan fi Ulumil-Qur'an, ya ambaci sunaye 25 na Suratul Hamdi. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da: Fatihatul-Kitab, Ummul-Kitab, Ummul-ƙur'ani, Sab'ul-Masani, Al-ƙur'anul Azim, Al-Waƙiya, Al-Kanz, An-Nur, Suratush-Shukr, Ash-Shifa, Ash-Shafiya da Suratud-Du'a.[3]

  • Wurin da kuma jerin lokacin saukarta

An saukar da Suratul Hamdi sau biyu: sau ɗaya a farkon aiko Annabi (S.A.W) a Makka, sannan sau na biyu bayan sauya alƙibla a Madina. Saboda haka ake kiranta da "Masani". Amma saboda saukar farko ta kasance a Makka, ana kiranta da surar Makka. Wannan sura ita ce ta farko a cikin tsarin rubutun Alƙur'ani (Mus'haf), kuma bisa wasu ruwayoyi ita ce sura ta biyar a jerin saukar wahayi, sannan ita ce sura ta farko cikakkiya da aka saukar.[4]

  • Adadin ayoyi da kalmomi

Suratul Fatiha tana da ayoyi 7, kalmomi 29 da haruffa 143. Ta fuskar lafazi da girmanta, tana daga cikin ƙananan surorin Alƙur'ani ko kuma surorin Mufassal. A cikin surorin Mufassal ma tana daga cikin surorin "Ƙisar" (ƙanana gajeru). Bisa ruwayoyi, duk da taƙaitaccen tsarinta, wannan sura tana da girman ma'ana, kuma ita ce "Ummul-Kitab" da kuma tushen Alƙur'ani.[5]

Muhimmanci

Suratul Hamdi tana da muhimmanci matuƙa a rayuwar addini da al'adun Musulmi. Ana karanta wannan sura a dukkan sallolin wajibi (ban da sallar gawa) da kuma sallolin nafila. Sai dai akwai bambanci, domin bisa fiƙihun Imamiyya, karanta ta wajibi ne kawai a raka'a ta farko da ta biyu; amma bisa fiƙihun Ahlus-Sunna, dole ne a karanta ta a dukkan raka'o'in sallah.[6] Imam Rida (A.S) ya bayyana cewa karanta wannan sura a farkon sallah ya samo asali ne saboda kasancewar dukkan alheri da hikimar duniya da lahira sun tattaru a cikinta gaba ɗaya, ta yadda babu wata magana da za ta kai ga cikar ma'anarta.[7]

A cewar marubucin Tafsirin Al-Mizan, Allah a cikin wannan sura ya sanar da bawa yadda zai yi masa yabo da girmamawa, kuma ya koya masa abin da ladubban bautar Allah suke buƙata daga gare shi a matsayin bawa.[8]

Matsayin Wannan Sura Cikin Al'adun Shi'a

Ƴan Shi'a galibi suna karanta wannan sura domin neman warkar da marasa lafiya, kuma ana kiranta da "Hamdush-Shifa" (Hamd mai warkarwa). A wasu ruwayoyi an bayyana wannan sura a matsayin maganin kowace cuta.[9] Haka kuma ana karanta wannan sura a bukukuwan rasuwar mamata domin mamaci ya samu ladan karatun ta, kuma saboda haka ake kiran wannan biki da suna "Fatiha-karatu" (Taron karatun Fatiha).[10]

Abun Ciki

Babban abin da Suratul Fatiha ta ƙunsa shi ne tauhidi, yabon Allah Maɗaukaki, bautarsa, neman taimako daga gare Shi da kuma roƙon shiriya daga Allah.[11] A cikin wannan sura an yi magana game da siffofin Allah, siffofi da alamomin bayin Allah na gari, bayyana batun shiriya da tafarki madaidaici a cikin tsarin addu'a, tare da bayyana ƙyamar karkata daga gaskiya da ɓacewa.[12]

An raba wannan sura zuwa sassa biyu: wani sashe da yake magana game da yabo da girmama Allah, da wani sashe da yake bayyana buƙatun bawa. A cikin Hadisin Ƙudusi ya zo cewa: "Na raba Suratul Hamdi tsakanin Ni da bawana; rabinta nawa ne, rabinta kuma na bawana ne."[13]

Hukunce-hukunce

  • Koyon Suratul Hamdi[15] da karanta ta daidai,[16] da kuma karanta ta a raka'a ta farko da ta biyu na sallolin wajibi da na nafila, wajibi ne a kan wanda ya hau kansa wajibcin shari'a.[17]
  • Mai sallah a raka'a ta uku da ta huɗu yana da zaɓi tsakanin karanta Suratul Hamdi da kuma karanta Tasbihul Arba'a. A kan wanne ya fi falala, ko karanta Hamdu ko Tasbihul Arba'a, akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban.[18]
  • Faɗin "A'uzu billahi minash shaiɗanir rajim" kafin karanta Hamdu a raka'a ta farko ta sallah,[19] da kuma faɗin "Alhamdu lillahi Rabbil Alamin" bayan kammala Hamdu, abin so ne (mustahabbi).[20] Amma faɗin "Amin" bayan karanta Suratul Hamdi a cikin sallah haram ne, kuma yana sa sallar ta ɓaci.[21]
  • Karanta Suratul Hamdi ita kaɗai a cikin sallar nafila wadda ba a samo umarnin karanta wata sura ta musamman a cikinta ba, ya halatta.[22]
  • Karanta Suratul Hamdi yana daga cikin abubuwan da ake so a lokuta da dama, kamar a gefen mara lafiya,[23] lokacin sanya mamaci a kabari,[24] da kuma lokacin ɗaukar ƙasar Turba daga Kabarin Imam Husaini.[25]

Saɓanin Ra'ayoyi Cikin Karanta Kalmar Malik

Babban labari: Maliki Yaumud-Din

Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da karatun kalmar "Ma'lik"a cikin aya ta 3 na Suratul Hamdi. Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1360 Sh) ya yi imanin cewa karatun "Ma'lik" da "Malik" duka biyu daidai ne, amma "Malik" ya fi dacewa da al'ada da harshe domin "Malik" yana nufin sarki kuma ana danganta shi da wani lokaci na musamman; a wannan aya kuma an danganta mulkin Allah da ranar kiyama.[26] Sayyid Muhammad Husain Husaini Tehrani (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1416 H) kuma ya ruwaito daga Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i cewa: Muna da ruwayoyi da suke cewa: Manzon Allah ya kasance yana karanta wannan kalma da "Ma'lik" da kuma "Malik". Haka kuma ƙari'u huɗu daga cikin ƙurra'u bakwai sun karanta ta da "Malik". Zamakhshari (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 583 H), masanin tafsiri na Ahlus-Sunna, a cikin tafsirinsa na Al-Kashshaf ya ambaci dalilai da suka sa "Malik" ya fi dacewa.[27]

Maimaita Iyyaka Na'abudu Wa Iyyaka Nasta'in A Cikin Sallar Imam Zaman

Babban labari: Iyyaka Na'abudu Wa Iyyaka Nasta'in

Wasu daga cikin maɓuɓɓugar hadisi sun ba da shawarar yin wata sallah wadda a cikinta ake maimaita ayar "Iyyaka Na'abudu Wa Iyyaka Nasta'in" sau ɗari. A cikin wannan sallar da aka sani da Sallar Imam Zaman, a kowace raka'a, a cikin Suratul Fatiha, ana karanta wannan aya sau ɗari.[28]

A cewar Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i, domin kuwa yana yiwuwa daga jimlar "Iyyaka na'abudu" a yi tunanin cewa bawa yana da ƴ'ancin kansa a wajen bauta wa Allah, don haka nan da nan a cikin jimla ta gaba (Iyyaka nasta'in) an yi wa bawa wahayi da cewa ya ce a cikin wannan bautar ma yana neman taimakon Allah, kuma bawa ba shi da wani ƴanci ko kaɗan a kowane hali.[29]

Falala Da Hususiyya

An ruwaito hadisai da yawa game da falalar Suratul Hamdi. A cewar wani hadisi, Jabra'il ya yi nuni ga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa saukar wannan sura zai hana saukar azaba a kan al'ummar Musulunci[30] Har ila yau, a cikin wasu hadisai, an ba da shawarar karanta Suratul Hamdi da kuma ɗaukar ta (a matsayin tsari) domin tsira daga hatsarori.[31] A cikin wani hadisi da aka ruwaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), ya ce idan aka karanta Suratul Hamdi sau 70 a kan wani mamaci kuma ya rayu, kada ku yi mamaki.[32][Tsokaci 1]Imam Ali (A.S) ya ruwaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa Suratul Hamdi tana daga cikin taskokin al'arshin Allah, kuma Allah Ya keɓe ta ga AnnabinSa, kuma bai sa wani Annabi ya yi tarayya da shi a cikinta ba, sai dai "Bismillah" wanda kawai Ya ba Sulaiman... Duk wanda ya karanta ta da imani da ƙauna da bin Muhammad da Alayansa, za a ba shi kyauta a kan kowane harafi wanda ya fi duniya da abin da ke cikinta.[33]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 127.
  2. ↑ Khurramshahi, "Suratul Fatiha", shafi na 1236.
  3. ↑ Suyuti, Al-Itqan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 191.
  4. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙiyan, "Suratul Hamd", shafi na 725; Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 127.
  5. ↑ Khurramshahi, "Suratul Fatiha", shafi na 1236.
  6. ↑ Mughniya, Al-Fiƙhu Ala Al-Mazahib Al-Khamsa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 109 da 110.
  7. ↑ Saduƙ, Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faƙih, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 310.
  8. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 19.
  9. ↑ Bahrani, Al-Burhan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 97.
  10. ↑ Khurramshahi, Istilahat Qur'an Dar Mohaware Farsi, shafi na 34.
  11. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙiyan, "Suratul Hamd", shafi na 726.
  12. ↑ Khurramshahi, "Suratul Fatiha", shafi na 1236.
  13. ↑ Saduƙ, Amali, shafi na 174; Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7.
  14. ↑ Khaməgər, Muhammad, Sakhtare Surehaye Kur'ane Karim, shirke Muzasasar Farhangin Kur'ani wa Itratin Nurusaklain, Qum, Nashre Nashra, ch 1.
  15. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 300.
  16. ↑ Allama Hilli, Tazkiratul Fuƙaha, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 135.
  17. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 284–286.
  18. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 319–331.
  19. ↑ Imam Khomaini, Tauzihul Masa'il (Muhashsha), juzu'i na 1, shafi na 559, mas'ala ta 1017.
  20. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 532.
  21. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 2–11.
  22. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 501.
  23. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa juzu'i na 2, shafi na 17.
  24. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwah al-Wutsƙa, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 119.
  25. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa juzu'i na 2, shafi na 19.
  26. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 22.
  27. ↑ Husaini Tehrani, Mehr-e Taban, shafi na 405.
  28. ↑ Sayyid Ibn Tawus, Jamalul Usbu', Darur-Radhi, shafi na 280; Kafa'ami, Al-Baladul Amin, shafi na 164.
  29. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 26.
  30. ↑ Fakhr Razi, At-Tafsir Al-Kabir, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 158.
  31. ↑ Huwaizi, Tafsir Nurus-Saƙlain, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 705.
  32. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 623, hadisi na 16.
  33. ↑ Sadƙ, Al-Amali, shafi na 176.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Wannan ruwayar ba tana nufin cewa duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Hamd sau 70 a kan mamaci, mamacin zai tashi ya dawo da rai ba; a’a, tana nufin daraja da tasirin wannan sura ce. Amma domin samun cikakken tasiri na ƙarshe, akwai wasu sharuɗɗa da ake buƙata, daga cikinsu akwai izinin Allah. [Akwai buƙatar kawo madogara]

Nassoshi

  • Qur'ane Kareem, tarjame Muhammad Mahdi Fuladvand, Tehran, Darul Kur'anil Karim.1418/1376M.
  • Bahrani, Hashim bn Sulaiman, Al-Burhan fi Tafsiril Kur'an, Qum, Cibiyar Ba'asat.1415H.
  • Fakhr Razi, Muhammad bn Umar, At-Tafsir Al-Kabir, Beirut, Dar Ihya'it Turathil Arabi.1420H.
  • Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Tazkiratul Fuƙaha, Qum, Cibiyar Ahlul Baiti, bugu na farko.1414H.
  • Hurru Amili, Muhammad bn Hassan, Tafsil Wasa'ilush Shi'a ila Tahsil Masa'ilish Shari'a, Qum, Cibiyar Ahlul Baiti, bugu na farko.1419H.
  • Huwaizi, Abd Ali Bin Jum'a, Tafsir Nurus-Saƙalain, Qum, Isma'iliyan.1415H.
  • Khamegar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-e Sureha-ye Qur'ane Kareem, Qum, Mawallafar Nashr Nashra, bugu na farko.1392Sh.
  • Khurramshahi, Baha'uddin, "Suratul Fatiha", a cikin Daneshname-ye Kur'an wa Kur'anpazhuheshi, juzu'i na 2, Tehran, Dustan–Nahid.1377Sh.
  • Ma'arifat, Muhammad Hadi, At-Tamhid fi Ulumil Kur'an, Qum, Hauze Ilmiyya.1410H.
  • Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Tafsir-i Namuna, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, bugu na farko, 1374 Sh.
  • Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, Al-Ikhtisas, bincike: Ali Akbar Ghaffari da Mahmud Muḥarrami Zarandi, Qom, Al-Mu'tamar al-'Alami li Alfiyyat al-Shaykh al-Mufid, 1413 H.
  • Mughniyyah, Muhammad Jawad, Al-Fiqh 'ala al-Mazahib al-Khamsah, Beirut, Dar al-Tayyar al-Jadid - Dar al-Jawad, bugu na goma, 1421 H.
  • Muhaƙƙiƙiyan, Rida, "Suratul Hamd", a cikin Daneshname-ye Mu'asir Kur'anil Karim, Qum, Mawallafar Salman Azada.1396Sh.
  • Musawi Khomaini, Sayyid Ruhullah, Tawdih al-Masa'il (Al-Muhashsha) , bincike: Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Bani Hashimi Khomaini, Qom,Ofishin Intisharat-i Islami, bugu na takwas, 1424 H.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawahirul Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i' al-Islam, bincike: Abbas Quchani da Ali Akhundi, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1404 H.
  • Saduq, Muhammad bn Ali, Al-Amali, Tehran, Kitabchi.
  • Saduƙ, Muhammad bn Ali, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙih, mai gyara: Ali Akbar Ghaffari, Qum, Intisharat Islami.1413H.
  • Sayyid Ibn Tawus, Radiyyuddin Ali, Jamalul Usbu' bi Kamalil Amalil Mashru', Qum, Darur-Radhi, bugu na farko. babu kwanan wata.
  • Suyuɗi, Abdurrahman Bin Abi Bakr, Al-Itƙan fi Ulumil Kur'an, mai bincike: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Alkahira, Al-Hai'atul Misriyyatul Aamma lil Kitab.1394H / 1974 M.
  • Ɗabaɗaba'i Yazdi, Sayyid Muhammad Kazim, Al-Urwatul Wusƙa fima Ta'ummu Bihil Balwa (Al-Muhashsha), Qum, Ofishin Intisharat Islami, bugu na farko.1419H.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Daƙiƙa:Suratul_Fatiha&oldid=25912"