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Daƙiƙa:Bagyu

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Bagyu, (Larabci: البغي) tawaye ko bore kan kan halastaccen shugaba na Muslunci. Duk mutumin da aka samu da lefin aikata bagyu (Tawaye) ana kiransa da sunan Albagi (ɗantawaye). Bagyu yana da hukunce-hukunce da aka tattauna game da su a cikin litattafan fiƙihu. Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu, shugaba na Muslunci da farko ya kamata ya fara da yi musu nasiha da ƙoƙari cikin shiryar da su da dawo da su cikin ɗa'a, idan haka bai ba da fa'ida ba, sai ya yaƙe su.

Ba'arin malaman fiƙihun Muslunci sun fitar da hukunci kafirta ƴan tawaye, wasu kuma sun tafi kan kasancewarsu fasiƙai. Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a sun yi la'akari da mutanen da suka yaƙi gwamnatin Imam Ali (A.S) matsayin misalai na Albagi (Ƴan tawaye); kamar misalin Khawarijawa da mutanen da suka yaƙe shi a lokacin yaƙoƙin Jamal da Siffin.

Cikin dokar hukunci ta Muslunci an tanadi hukuncin kisa da ɗaurin kurkuku da ladabtarwa kan mutanen da ake ɗaukarsu a matsayin Albagi (ɗantawaye).

Nazarin Ma'ana

Albagyu a isɗilahin fiƙihu yana da ma'ana tawaye da bore kan Imami adali da yake kan gaskiya kuma duk wanda ya yi bore da tawaye kansa ana kiransa da Albagi (Ɗan tawaye).[1] Cikin madogaran fiƙihu, mutanen da suka assasa yaƙar hukumar Imam Ali (A.S) kamar mutanen Jamal, Siffin, musammam ma Khawarijawa ana ɗaukarsu misali na bagyu da tawaye.[2]

Yaƙi Da Ƴantawaye Da Sharuɗɗansa

Bisa fatawar malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, shugaban Muslunci wajibi da farko ya fara ƙoƙarin nasiha da dawo da ƴan tawaye cikin ɗa'a da raba su da tawaye.[3] Idan suka ƙi saurarensa to sai ya yaƙe su.[4] A cewar Kashiful Giɗa (Rayuwa: 1156-1228H), haƙiƙa kaɗai yana halasta a yaƙi ƴan tawaye a lokacin da babu wata hanya da ta rage da za a hana su tawaye banda a yaƙe su.[5]

Kan asasin abin da ya zo a litattafan fiƙihu, ba'ari daga sharuɗɗan yaƙar ƴan tawaye sune kamar haka:

  1. .Ahlul bagyi, sune mutanen da suka ware kansu daga shugaba adali da al'ummar Musulmi kuma suka yi masa bore da tawaye,[6] da yanayin da za a iya la'akari da su cikin ƴan fashi da makami da masu yaƙi da al'umma (Muharaba).[7]
  2. A ra'ayin Allama Hilli da Shahidus Sani, bagyu (Tawaye) kaɗai yana tabbatuwa ne idan ya kasance kan Imami Ma'asumi;[8] amma a ra'ayin Kashiful Giɗa tawaye da bore kan na'iban Imam Mahadi na musamman ko gama-garin na'ibansa shima ana lissafa shi matsayin bagyu.[9]
  3. Ahlul bagyu sune mutanen da suka fice daga ikon Imami ko shugaba suka koma rayuwa a wasu wurare kamar jeji da hamada.[10]
  4. Ƙarfinsu ya kai ga babu wata hanya da za a iya bi cikin hana su tawaye sai dai a yaƙe su kawai.[11]
  5. Adadinsu ya kasance mai yawa.[12] Na'am Shahidul Awwal bagyu yana iya tabbatuwa hatta cikin mutum guda.[13]

Wasu Hukunce-hukunce

Wani ba'ari daga hukunce-hukuncen fiƙihu kan bagyu sune:

  • Ahlul bagyi dole su biya diyyar rayuka da suka halakar kuma su biya dukiyar da suka lalata.[14] Musulmi ba za su biya diyya rayukan ƴan tawaye ba haka ba za su biya dukiyarsu da ta lalace ba.[15]
  • Shaik Ɗusi, ya halasta cin ganimar dukiyar ƴan tawaye a lokacin yaƙi da su;[16] Amma shi kuma Sayyid Murtada da Ibn Idris Hilli ba sa ganin halascin cin ganimar dukiyar ƴan tawaye.[17]
  • Mata da ƴaƴan ahlul bagyi ba kama su matsayin fursunonin yaƙi.[18]
  • Mu'amala da fursunonin Ahlul bagyi tana bambanta bisa la'akari da kasancewarsu ma'abota tsari na bai ɗaya da shugaba guda ɗaya (Zul Fi'ati) ko kuma akasi (Wanda ba Zul Fi'ati ba), cikin ƙaddarawa ta farko (Kamar mutanen Siffin), za a kashe fursunoninsu da aka kama, za ku a bi sawun waɗanda suka tsere a kamo su;[19] amma a bisa ƙaddarawa ta biyu (Kamar mutanen Jamal) ba za a kashe fursunoninsu ba ba kuma za a bi sawun waɗanda suka tsere ba a kamo su;[20]
  • Wasu daga malaman fiƙihu, kamar Sahibul Jawahir sun ce Ahlul bagyi bisa zallan bore ba za a lissafa su cikin kafirai ba;[21] Amma a cewa Ɗusi, ba'arin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a suna da ra'ayin cewa Ahlul bagyi kafirai ne.[22]

Ra'ayin Ahlus-Sunna

Ba'ari daga ra'ayoyin Ahlus-Sunna game da abin da suka fahimta daga bagyu da hukunce-hukuncensa sune kamar haka:

  • A cewar Ibn Ƙudama (Rayuwa:541-620H),،[23] daga malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna, mafi yawa daga malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna suna ɗaukar Ahlul bagyi daga Khawarijawa wanda aka halasta jini da dukiyarsu.[24] Malamin ya yi imani cewa yaƙarsu ya halasta ne sakamakon kasancewarsu daga Mufsidu Fil Ardi (Masu ɓarna a doran ƙasa), bawai ana lissafa su ne cikin kafirai ba.[25]
  • Ba'arin Hanafiya, sun bayyana bagyu matsayin fita daga ɗa'ar shugaba;[26] A fiƙihun Malikiyya da Shafi'iyya, ƙari kan tawaye kan shugaba, rashin ba da haƙƙi ga shugaba ma ana lissafa shi cikin bagyu;[27] Kamar dai yadda Ibn Arabi ya yi la'akari da yaƙar masu hana zakka a zamanin halifa na farko a matsayin yaƙi da Ahlul bagyi.[28]
  • A mahangar malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna, in banda hanafiya, sun tafi kan cewa abin nufi daga yaƙi tare da Ahlul bagyi shi ne tunkuɗe sharrinsu. Saboda haka fursunoni da gudaddunsu ba za a kashe su ba ko a bi bayansu a kamo su ba, dukiyarsu har zuwa lokacin da suke tawaye za a jiye t a hannun shugaba.[29]

Dokokin Hukunci Na Musulunci

Hoton littafin Bagyu da Tawaye a Gwamnatin Musulunci

Cikin dokokin hukunci na Muslunci (Dokar da aka rattabawa hannnu a shekarar 2012M), an tanadi hukunci game da bagyu da Ahlul bagyi kamar haka:

  • Hukunci kisa: ƙungiyar da suka ɗauki makami domin yaƙar tsarin jamhuriyar Muslunci Na Iran, za a yi la'akari da su matsayin ƴan tawaye, idan kuma har ta kai ga sun yi amfani da makamai, za a yanke musu hukuncin kisa.[30]
  • Ɗaurin ta'aziri: Ƴan tawaye idan ya zamanto an kama su kafin su fara amfani da makami za a yanke musu hukunci ɗauri na ta'aziri.[31][Tsokaci 1]

Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Shaykh Tusi, al-Nihaya, 1400 Q, shafi 296. Allama Hilli, Qawa'id al-Ahkam, 1413 Q, jild 1, shafi 522
  2. ↑ Mufid, al-Irshad, 1413 Q, jild 1, shafuka 258–260. Shahid Thani, al-Rawdat al-Bahiyya, 1403 Q, jild 2, shafi 407. Zuhaili, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, 1405 Q, jild 6, shafi 142
  3. ↑ Allama Hilli, Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha, 1414 Q, jild 9, shafi 410.
  4. ↑ Zuhaili, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, 1405 Q, jild 6, shafuka 142–143. Shahid Thani, al-Rawdat al-Bahiyya, 1410 Q, jild 2, shafuka 407–408
  5. ↑ Kashf al-Ghita', Kashf al Ghita' an Mubhamat al-Shari'a al-Ghara, 1422 Q, jild 4, shafi 368
  6. ↑ Tusi, al-Wasila ila Nail al-Fadila, 1408 Q, shafi 205
  7. ↑ Tarabi, “Baghi”, 1378 Sh, jild 3, shafi 596
  8. ↑ Allama Hilli, Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha, 1414 Q, jild 9, shafuka 393–398. Shahid Thani, al-Rawdat al-Bahiyya, 1410 Q, jild 2, shafuka 407–408.
  9. ↑ Kashiful al-Ghita', Kashful al-Ghita' ‘an Mubhamat al-Shari'a al-Ghara, 1422 Q, jild 4, shafi 367
  10. ↑ Shaykh Tusi, 1387 Q, al-Mabsut, jild 7, shafi 265
  11. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1404 Q, jild 21, shafuka 323–327
  12. ↑ Muhaddith Karaki, Jami‘ al-Maqasid fi Sharh al-Qawa'id, 1414 Q, jild 3, shafi 483
  13. ↑ Shahid Awwal, al-Lum‘a al-Dimashqiyya, 1410 Q, shafi 83
  14. ↑ Muhaddith Hilli, Shara'i‘ al-Islam, 1408 Q, jild 1, shafi 309. Shahid Thani, Masalik al-Afham, 1413 Q, jild 3, shafi 94. Salehi Najafabadi, Jihad dar Islam, 1382 Q, shafi 142
  15. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1404 Q, jild 21, shafuka 345–347. Zuhaili, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, 1405 Q, jild 6, shafuka 144–145
  16. ↑ Shaykh Tusi, al-Iqtisad, 1400 Q, shafi 315
  17. ↑ Omani, Majmu‘at Fatawa Ibn Abi ‘Aqil, bita, shafi 111. Ibn Idris Hilli, al-Sara'ir, jild 2, shafuka 15–19
  18. ↑ Mushkini, Mustalahat al-Fiqh, bita, shafi 102
  19. ↑ Khoei, Minhaj al-Salihin, 1410 Q, jild 1, shafuka 389–391.
  20. ↑ Allama Hilli, Tahrir al-Ahkam, 1420 Q, jild 2, shafi 233
  21. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1404 Q, jild 21, shafuka 337–338
  22. ↑ Tusi, al-Khilaf, 1407 Q, jild 5, shafuka 335–336
  23. ↑ كتاب المغني لابن قدامة - ط مكتبة القاهرة،Shafin Maktabat Shamela.
  24. ↑ Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni, 1388 H, juzu'i 8, shafi 524.
  25. ↑ Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni, 1388 H, juzu'i 8, shafi 524.
  26. ↑ Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni, 1388 H, juzu'i 8, shafi 524'.
  27. ↑ Uwdah, al-Tashri' al-Jina'i al-Islami, juzu'i 2, ba tare da kwanan bugu ba, shafi 673..
  28. ↑ Ibn 'Arabi, Aḥkam al-Qur'an, 1408 H, juzu'i 4, shafi 1721
  29. ↑ Ibn 'Arabi, Aḥkam al-Qur'an, 1408 H, juzu'i 4, shafi 1720–1723; Zuhayli, al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, 1405 H, juzu'i 6, shafi 143–146.
  30. ↑ Mu'awanate Huquqi Riyasate Jamhuri, Qanune Majazate Islami, 1392 SH, shafi 68, Mataki 287.
  31. ↑ Mu'awanate Huquqi Riyasate Jamhuri, Qanune Majazate Islami, 1392 SH, shafi 68, Mataki 288.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Hukuncin ɗaurin kurkukun ta'zir ana tanada shi ne saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa shari'a da aikata haram, kuma yana shafi irin waɗannan laifukan da ba a fayyace musu takamaiman hukunci a shari'a ba. A cikin fikihu, ana amfani da kalmar ta'azir wajen nufin irin hukuncin da, sabanin hudud da Shari'a ta ƙayyade, ba a ƙayyade masa iyaka ko adadi na musamman ba." Daga "Farhang-e Feqh-e Farsi" bincike da rubutawa na Ma'aikatar Da'irat al-Ma'arif na Fiƙhun Musulunci bisa mazhabar Ahlul Baiti (a.s.), ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mahmad Hashimi Shahradi, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 532.

Nassoshi

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