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Usman Bin Sa'id Amri

Daga wikishia
Usman Bin Sa'id Amri
Na farko daga cikin na'ibai na musamman huɗu na Imam Mahadi (A.S) a lokacin gaiba sugra
Makwancin Usman Bin Sa'id a Bagdad
Makwancin Usman Bin Sa'id a Bagdad
Cikakken SunaAbu Amru•Abu Muhammad
LaƙabiAmri•Samman•Zayyat•Askari
NasabaƘabilar Bani Asad
Mahallin rayuwaSamarra•Bagdad
WafatiKafin shekara ta 267 hijira ƙamari
Fitattun dangiMuhammad Bin Usman (Ɗa)
MazhabaShi'a
Sahabidaga sahabban Imam Jawad (A.S)•Imam Hadi (A.S)•Imam Mahadi (A.F)
Ya ruwaito daga Ma'asumiImam Askari (A.S)
Waɗanda suka ruwaito daga gare shiMuhammad Bin Usman Amri
InganciSiƙa


Usman Bin Sa'id Amri (Larabci: عثمان بن سعيد عمري) wanda ya rasu kafin shekara 267 hijira ƙamari, wanda aka fi sani da Abu Amru, mutum na farko cikin nuwwabul arba'a (Jakadu huɗu na Imam Mahadi) a lokacin gaiba sugra. Usman Bin Sa'id ya kasance daga sahabban Imam Hadi (A.S), Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) da Imam Mahadi (A.F), amma game da cewa ya kasance daga sahabban Imam Jawad (A.S), akwai shakku da kokwanto. Bayan farawar imamancin Imam Mahadi (A.F) a shekarar 260 hijira ƙamari, haƙiƙa Usman ya kasance keɓantaccen jakadan Imam har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa (Kusan shekaru 6 ko 7), bayan Usman sai ɗansa Muhammad Bin Usman ya karɓi ragamar na'ibancin Imam. A lokacin jakadancin Usman ya tafi Bagdad a can ne ya zauna a daurar na'ibanci da wakilci. Ya kasance yana da wakilai a Bagdad da sauran garuruwan Iraƙ waɗanda suke karɓo haƙƙoƙin shari'a daga hannun mutane suke aiko masa da su. Sayyidina Mahadi a lokacin rasuwar Usman ya aika da wasiƙar ta'aziyya ga ɗansa. A cikin nassosin riwayoyi an yi amfani da mabambantan laƙubba kan Usman Bin Sa'id kamar Zayyat da Amri.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Babu cikakken bayani game da ayyanannen lokacin haihuwar Usman, amma dai an ce tun yana ɗan shekara 11 ya kasanci hadimin Imam Jawad (A.S)[1] Amma bisa naƙalin Shaik Ɗusi tun yana da shekaru 11 yake hidima ga Imam Hadi (A.S).[2] Ya kasance wakilin Imam Hadi (A.S), Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) da Imam Mahadi (A.F), bai kodayaushe bai ba gushe ba yardajje a wurinsu, Usman Bin Sa'id da farko ya fara rayuwa ne a Samarra amma bayan shahadar Imami na 11 sai ya tafi Bagdad, a wancan zamanin Samarra ta kasance hedƙwata kuma cibiyar sojojin salsalar Abbasiyawa waɗanda tun da farko ba su da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Imaman Shi'a. Wasu suna cewa akwai tsammanin cewa da wannan dalili ne Usman Bin Sa'id ya yi hijira zuwa Bagdad ya zauna a yankin Karkhu wanda ya kasance matsugunar ƴanshi'a, da kuma cibiyar shugabancin imamiyya.[3] Usman Bin Sa'id ya kasance marawaicin shahararriyar ziyaran nan da aka fi sani da Ziyaratu Ghadiriyya daga Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) da Imam Hadi (A.S).[4]

Sunaye Da Laƙubba

Sunan Usman a litattafan ilimin rijal shi ne "Usman Bin Sa'id", amma a cikin Rijal Kasshi ya zo da sunan "Hafsu Bin Amru" wanda yana iya kasancewa suna na wucin gadi da yake amfani da shi cikin ganawarsa ta sirri tare da sauran wakilai.[5]Ana masa alkunya a cikin baki ɗayan litattafai da "Abu Amru" bisa la'akari da kakansa na ɓangaren mahaifi, amma a cikin littafin Biharul Al-Anwar da Safinatul Bihar, an amsa alkunya da Abu Muhammad, saboda yana da wani ɗa da ake kira Muhammad.[6]

Mafi muhimmancin shahararsa ita ce Amri, an ce ana kiransa da wannan suna da dalilai guda biyu, na farko kasancewa Imam Askari (A.S) bai ba da izini sunan halifa na uku (Usman) da kuma laƙabinsa (Abu Amru) su haɗu cikin Usman Bin Sa'id ba, bayan haka ne aka dinga kiransa da Amri. Dagan nan aka koma kiran wancan kakan nasa na ɓangaren uba da Amri maimakon Amru.[7] Muhaddis Ƙummi shima ya bayyana dalilin kiransa da Amri shi ne kasancewa danganewar nasabar mahaifiyarsa da Umar Bin Aɗraf A'ala.[8]

Laƙabin Usman ya kasance Samman da Zayyat kamar yadda ake faɗa.[9] Haka kuma sakamakon danganewar nasabarsa da ƙabilar Banu Asad, ana kiransa da Asadi da Askari saboda ya zauna unguwar "Askar" da take cikin jihar Samarra.[10]

Ƴaya

Usman Bin Sa'id ya kasance yana da ƴaƴa maza guda biyu masu suna:

  • Muhammad Bin Usman wanda bayan rasuwar Usman ya zama na'ibin Imam Mahadi.
  • Ahmad Bin Usman wanda sunansa bai zo ba cikin litattafai. Amma ya kasance cikin jerin maƙaryatan da suka yi da'awar na'ibanci, akwai wani mutum mai suna "Abubakar Bin Ahmad Bin Usman" an yi bayani ƙarara cewa ɗan ɗan uwan Muhammad Bin Usman ne.[11]

Rasuwa

Ba a sanan takaimaiman lokacin da ya rasu ba kamar dai haihuwarsa, amma an naƙalto maganganu biyu game da haka:

  • Kafin shekara ta 267 hijira: Shi ne abin da akasarin malaman tarihi da ilimin rijal suka yi ittifaƙi akai.
  • Bayan shekara ta 280: Bisa jinginar wannan magana da tauƙi'i wanda aka naƙalto a shekara ta 280 hijira, bisa bayani ƙarara daga Shaik Ɗusi marawaicin wannan hadisi, ya ji riwayar ne a shekara 280, kuma hakan ba zai iya bayyanar da haƙilƙanin lokacin rasuwar Usman a fili ba.[12]

Bayan rasuwar Usman Bin Sa'id, ɗansa Muhammad ya yi masa wanka ya kai shi Yammacin Madinatis Salam, a wani sanannen wuri da ake kira da Addarab a Bagdad ya binne shi a can. Shaik Ɗusi ya ce tun lokacin shigorwarsa Bagdad a shekara ta 408 hijira ƙamari har bayan shekara ta 430 hijira ƙamari, ana zuwa ziyarar ƙabarin Usman Bin Sa'id a wannan wuri.[13] A wannan zamani (Ƙarni na 15 hijira) makwancinsa yana nan a unguwar Rusafa,[14] ko Rassafa a take Gabashin Bagdad a wani yanki da ake kira da suna "Bazare Shurje".[15]

Wakilin Imamai

Babban labari: Ƙungiyar Wakilci

Bisa abin da yake cikin litattafai da madogaran ilimin rijal, Usman Bin Sa'id, ya kasance wakilin Imamai guda uku (Imam Hadi (A.S), Imam Askari (A.S) da Imam Mahadi (A.F)). tare da haka wasu litattafai sun naƙalto cewa tun yana ɗan shekara 11 ya kasance hadimin Imam Jawad (A.S) wanda ya yarda da shi ya kasance ya miƙa ba'arin muhimman ayyuka gare shi.[16] Ibn Shahre Ashub shima ya bayyana shi a Bab (Ƙofar Imam Jawad).[17] Ba'arin malaman Shi'a, ba su karɓi wannan magana ta ƙarshe ba, bisa dogaro da shekarun Usman ba zai yi wu ace ya kasance daga sahabban Imam Jawad ba, saboda haka wannan magana kuskure ce.[18]

Wakilin Imam Hadi

Usman Bin Sa'id ya kasance cikin jerin sahabban Imam Hadi, kuma bayani ƙarara ya zo game da wakilcin da ya yi wa Imam Hadi.[19] A cikin wata riwaya da Ahmad Bin Is'haƙ Ƙummi da ya naƙalto daga Imam Hadi (A.S), ya bayyana Usman Bin Sa'id a matsayin amintaccen mutum, duk wani abu da yake jinginawa Imam, daga Imam yake kuma duk wani abu da yake isar da shi ga mutane baƙi ɗaya daga Imam Hadi (A.S) yake.[20]

Wakilin Imam Askari

Usman, daɗi kan kasancewarsa wakilin Imam Hadi, ya samu yarda da amincewa daga Imam Hassan Askari (A.S).[21] Shaik Ɗusi a cikin Kitabul Al-Gaiba, ya naƙalto wata riwaya, wace cikin aka bayyana Usman Bin Sa'id da ɗansa Muhammad Bin Usman matsayin amintattu ababen yarda ga Imam Askari (A.S), kan asasin wannan riwaya, Imam Hassan Askari (A.S) ya yi bayani a fili: Dukkanin abin da suka kawo daga gare ni yake, duk abin da suke faɗa daga gare ni yake. Ku saurari maganarsu ku bi su, haƙiƙa amintattuna ne ababen yarda.[22]

Shaik Ɗusi cikin littafinsa na Rijal, ya bayyana Usman Bin Sa'id matsayin wakilin Imam Askari.[23] A cikin riwayoyi daban-daban an naƙalto cewa Imam Askari ya yi magana da Usman ya kuma ɗauke shi matsayin wakilinsa, a wani wurin kuma, ya sanya mutane da suke wurin su shaida cewa Usman Bin Sa'id wakilinsa ne. Imam ya bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban wakilai; wanda hakan yake nuna cewa baki ɗayan haƙƙoƙin shari'a da ƴanshi'a suke bayarwa ta hannun wakilai za su dinga aiko su zuwa hannun Usman shi kuma ya kaiwa Imam.[24]

Bayan shahadar Imam Askari (A.S), Usman Bin Sa'id, shi ne ya ɗauki nauyin shirya likkafani da binne Imam. Bisa imanin imamiyya, wannan alama ce da take ba da shaida kan kasancewarsa jakada da na'ibi na Imam Zaman (A.F).[25]

Wakilin Imam Zaman

Imam Askari (A.S) ƙarara a fili ya yi bayanin na'ibanci Usman Bin Sa'id. Imam Askari ya nunawa Usman Bin Sa'id da mutane 40 ɗan da aka haifa masa, kuma ya sanar da waɗannan mutane cewa su yi biyayya ga Usman Bin Sa'id tsawon gaibar Imami na goma sha biyu.[26] Bisa wata riwaya daban, sayyidina Mahadi cikin ganawa da mutanen Ƙum, ya yi nuni da na'ibancin Usman Bin Sa'id ya komar da mutanen Ƙum zuwa ga Usman.[27]

Usman Bin Sa'id, sakamakon tsanantawar fadar sarki a Samarra da kuma maƙiya masu yawa da yake da su, bisa umarnin Imam Mahadi ya koma Bagdad. a cewar Jasim Husaini a cikin littafin Tarikhe Siyasi Gaibat Imame Dawazdahom, tare da kasancewar Samarra hedƙwata, amma sakamakon samuwar sojojin salsalar Abbasiyawa sai garin ya zama kodayaushe cibiyar masu adawa da Imamai, Usman yana son tafiyar da ƙungiyar wakilcin Imamai nesa da idanun maƙiya, da wannan dalili ne ya tafi Bagdad ya zauna a unguwar Karkhu domin gudanar da wannan aiki, wannan unguwa matsunin na ƴanshi'a imamiyya.[28]

Usman a tsawon lokacin na'ibancinsa, ya ɗauki nauyin kulawa da shugabancin wakilai na nahiyoyi daban-daban da kuma kula da amanoni, haƙƙoƙin shari'a da hadiyoyi da mutane suke bayarwa yana karɓa yana kaiwa Imam. Haka kuma wasiƙun da ƴanshi'a suke aikowa Imam, rubutun hannu da tauƙi'in Imam Mahadi cikin amsoshinsa ga ƴanshi'a yana karɓo su ya kai su ga ma'abotansu.[29] Lokacin da Jafar ɗan uwan Imam Askari (A.S), ya yi da'awar na'ibanci, Ahmad Bin Is'haƙ daga sahabban Imam Askari ya rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga Imam domin neman sanin gaskiyar wannan da'awa ko akasin haka, ya hannanta ta ga Usman Bin Sa'id domin kaiwa Imam Mahadi, Imam cikin amsar kan wannan wasiƙa, ya yi watsi da imamanci Jafar, ya kuma kira shi da maɓarnaci da ya kasance yana wasa da sallah.[30]

Wasiƙar Ta'aziyya Da Imam Ya Aiko

Lokacin rasuwar Usman Bin Sa'id Imam ya aiko da wasiƙar ta'aziyya zuwa ga ɗansa Muhammad Bin Usman cikin wasiƙar ya yi masa ta'aziyyar rashin mahaifinsa, Imami na goma sha biyu cikin wannan wasiƙa ya bayyana cikakkiyar yardarsa ga Usman Bin Sa'id ya kuma yi masa addu'ar samun gafara daga Allah. Haka kuma Imam ya yi magana kan yadda ya damu da shiga kaɗaici kan rasuwar Usman, ya kuma naɗa ɗansa Muhammad Bin Usman mahallin mahaifinsa da ya rasu.[31]

Tsarin Ayyuka

Usman ya kasance yana sana'ar saye da sayar mai da zaitun, wannan sana'a yana yinta ne domin ɓoye asalin aikinsa, saboda ya kasance yana ɓoye aikinsa na shugabancin wakilci da jakadancin Imam Mahadi domin tsira da tarkon hukuma. Usman, ya kasance yana cusa kuɗaɗe da wasiƙun ƴanshi'a cikin mai ya kai su wurin Imam don kada wani ya fahimci abin da ya kai masa, da wannan dalili ne ma aka yi masa laƙabi da Samman da zayyat , ma'ana mai tallan mai.[32]

Mataimakan Imam

A lokacin jakadancin Usman Bin Sa'id, mutane uku daga sanannun wakilai da ake kira da Ahmad Bin Is'haƙ, Muhammad Bin Ƙaɗɗan da Hajiz Bin Yazid Wassha, sun kasance daga mataimakan Usman Bin Sa'id sune suka kasance suna kula da ayyukan wakilci da sadarwa na sauran wakilan garuruwa, daga ciki har da wakilan Kufa.[33]

Takardar Ziyara

Allama Majlisi a cikin Biharul Al-Anwar, ya naƙalto ziyarar Usman Bin Sa'id, kuma ƙarara ya bayyana cewa ya ga wannan ziyara ne a tsohon kwafi a hannun wani malamin Shi'a, bai yi wata ishara ga sunan malamin ko littafin da ya ɗauko wannan ziyara ba.[34] Cikin wannan ziyara an yi nuni zuwa ga muƙamai da matsayin Usman Bin Sa'id, an kira shi da bawan Allah na gari mai fatan alheri ga mutane saboda Allah da Annabi da waliyyan Allah. Haka kuma an roƙe shi ya roƙawa mutane samun ceto ta hanyarsa.

Ku Duba Wannan

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Jassim Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Gabate Imame Dawazdahom, 2006, shafi. 142.
  2. ↑ Tusi, Rijal, 1415 AH, shafi. 389.
  3. ↑ Jassim Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Gabate Imame Dawazdahom, 2006, shafi. 149.
  4. ↑ Mashhadi, Al-Mazar Al-Kabir, 1377, shafi. 262.
  5. ↑ Tusi, Ikhterayat Marefah Al-Rejal, shafi. 813.
  6. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 99, shafi. 293; Qummi, Safinat al-Bihar, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 145.
  7. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 354.
  8. ↑ Qommi, Safina al-Behar, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 145.
  9. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 354.
  10. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 354.
  11. ↑ Sadr, Tarikh al-Ghaybah, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 379.
  12. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 232.
  13. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 232.
  14. ↑ https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details?id=13981دانشنامه Jahane Islam.
  15. ↑ Ƙungiyar marubuta, Mashaar Publication, Rah Tosheh Atbat Aliayat, 2009, shafi. 367
  16. ↑ Jassim Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Gaibate Imame Dawazdahom, 2006, shafi. 142.
  17. ↑ Shushtri, Qamus Al-Rijal, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 249.
  18. ↑ Shushtri, Qamus Al-Rijal, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 249.
  19. ↑ Tusi, Rijal Tusi, 1415 AH, shafi. 389.
  20. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 51, shafi. 344.
  21. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi na 231-229.
  22. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 243.
  23. ↑ Tusi, Rijal Tusi, 1415 AH, shafi. 401.
  24. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 50, shafi. 323.
  25. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi na 231 da 356.
  26. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, shafi na 232-231, Saduq, Kamal al-Din, shafi. 435.
  27. ↑ Sadouq, Kamaluddin, 1395 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 476.
  28. ↑ Jassim Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Imame Dawazdahom, 2006, shafi. 149.
  29. ↑ Rahe Toshe Atbate Aliyat, shafi. 364.
  30. ↑ Tabarsi, al-Ihtjaj, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 468.
  31. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 361.
  32. ↑ Tusi, Al-Ghaybah, 1411 AH, shafi. 354.
  33. ↑ Jabbari, Sazemane Wekalat, 2003, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 82.
  34. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 99, shafi. 293.

Nassoshi

  • Ibn Shahr Ashub Mazandarani, Muhammad bn Ali, Manaqib Ale Abi Talib, Qum, Allameh, 1379H.
  • Jassim Muhammad Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Gaibate Imame Dawazdahom, Muhammad Taqi Ayatullah, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 1385H.
  • Jabbari, Mohammad Reza, Sazemane Wekalat Wa Naqshe An Dar Asre A'imma Alaihimus Salam, Qum, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Imam Khumaini, 1382H.
  • Jam'i Az Nawesandegan, Rahe Tosheh Atbat Aliayat, Tehran, Bugawar Mashaar, 1391H.
  • Jam'i Az Nawesandegan, Rahe Tosheh Atbat Aliayat, Tehran, Mashaar, 1388H.
  • Shushtari, Mohammad Taqi, Qamoos Al-Rijal, Qom, Jamia Madrasasin, 1419 AH.
  • Sadr, Sayyid Muhammad, Tarikh Al-Ghaybah, Beirut, Dar Al-Ta'rif, 1412H.
  • Saduq, Muhammad bn Ali, Kamal al-Din Wa Tamam al-Ne'ema, Tehran, Islamiyyah, 1395H.
  • Tabarsi, Ahmad bn Ali, Al-Ithjaj, Mashhad, Murtaza, 1403H.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Ikhtiyaru Maarifati, Sayyid Mahdi Rajai, Cibiyar Al-Bait, Beta Ne Ya Yi Bincike.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Al-Ghaybah, Qum, Al-Ma'arif Islamic Foundation, 1411H.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bn Hassan, Rijal al-Tusi, Qum, Jamia al-Modraseen, 1415H.
  • Qummi, Abbas, Safinat al-Bihar Wa Madinatul Hikam wa al-Athar, Kum, Aswa, 1414H.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Beirut, Al-Wafa Institute, 1403 AH.
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