Karatun Sallah
- wannan rubutu wata ƙasida ce ta siffantawa game da wata mas'ala ta fiƙihu, ba za ta iya zama ma'auni domin ayyukan addini ba, ku duba wasu madogaran daban game da ayyukan addini.
Karatun sallah (Larabci: قراءة الصلاة) ɗaya ne daga wajibai wanda ba na rukuni ba a cikin sallah. Kuma kan asasinsa wajibi ne mai sallah ya karanta fatiha da kammalalliyar sura a raka'a ta farko da ta biyu, a raka'a ta uku kuma da huɗu yana da zaɓin tsakanin karanta fatiha ko yin tasbihatul arba'a. karantawa da harshen larabci da kuma inganta karatu da jerantawa da muwalat tsakanin suroori yana daga wajibai cikin karatun sallah, faɗin kalmar amin da karatun surori masu ɗauke da sujjada ta wajibi haramun bayan fatiha, haka nan lura tare da tadabburi cikin ma'anonin ƙira'a, da karanta suratul ƙadri a raka'a ta farko da suratul tauhid cikin raka'a ta biyu suna daga cikin ayyukan mustahabbi cikin karatun sallah, kuma makaruhi ne maimaita karatun sura guda ɗaya cikin raka'o'i biyu in banda suratul iklas.
Matsayi Da Ma'ana
Karatu ɗaya ne daga wajibai cikin sallah[1] ma'ana karanta suratul hamdi da kammalalliyar sura a raka'a ta farko da ta biyu, sannan a raka ta uku da ta huɗu akwai zaɓi tsakanin karanta suratul hamdi da yin tasbihatul arba'a.[2] karatu yana daga wajibai wanda ba na rukuni ba a cikin sallah;[3] da ma'anar cewa barinsa ko ƙari da ragi cikinsa. kaɗai yana ɓata sallah idan ya kasance bisa ganganci.[4] na'am akwai rarraunar magana da ta ginu kan lissafa karatu cikin rukunan sallah.[5]
A cewar Sahibul Jawahir daga malaman fiƙihu a ƙarni na 13 hijira ƙamari, game da wajabcin karanta sura bayan suratul hamdi akwai saɓanin ra'ayoyin malamai;[6] ra'ayin mashhur shi ne kasancewar karatun sura bayan fatiha matsayin wajibi;[7] sai dai idan akwai larura da ta bijiro, kamar misalin ƙurewar lokaci ko kuma cikin sallar nafila.[8] malaman fiƙihu misalin Faizul Kashani (Wafati: 1091 h. ƙ),[9] Muhaƙƙiƙ Sabzawari (Wafati: 1090 h, ƙ)[10] da Shubairi Zanjani (Haihuwa: 1036 h, shamsi.)[11] suna lissafa karatun sura bayan fatiha matsayin mustahabbi.
Wajiban Karatun Sallah
Wuraren da bayanin zai zo a ƙasa su ne wajiban karatun sallah:[12]
- Karantawa da harshen larabci da sauke haruffa da kalmomi ingantacciyar saukewa, daga jumla har da haruffa masu shadda;
- Kiyaye jerantawa da muwalat tsakanin fatiha da sura da tsakankanin ayoyin ko wace sura;
- Kiyaye Jaharu da bayyanar da sautin karatun maza a cikin sallar asubahi da raka'o'i biyu na farko a sallar magariba da isha;
- Kiyaye Ikfat ɓoye sautin karatun maza a cikin karatun sallar azuhur da la'asar da raka'a ta uku da huɗu cikin sallar magariba da isha.
Abubuwan Da Aka Haramta Cikin Karatu
Wuraren da za su zo a ƙasa su ne abubuwan da aka haramta yinsu cikin karatun sallah:[13]
- Faɗin Amin a ƙarshen karatun fatiha;
- Karanta ɗaya daga cikin surori da suke ɗauke da sujjada ta wajibi, waɗannan surori su ne kamar haka: Najamu, Fussilat, Sajda da Alaƙ, cikin sallolin farilla;
- Karanta fiye da sura ɗaya bayan fatiha in banda suratul Duha haɗe da Inshirahu da kuma suratul filu tare da ƙuraishi waɗanda ake lissafa biyu biyun matsaya sura guda ɗaya, bayan fatiha ana iya karanta guda biyun a matsayin kammalalliyar sura guda ɗaya.[14] ba'ari suna ɗaukar karanta fiye da sura ɗaya bayan fatiha matsayin makaruhi.[15]
Mustahabban Karatun Sallah
Wuraren da za su a ƙasa ana lissafa su matsayin mustahabban karatun sallah:[16]
- ƙidaya karatun surori da tasbihi tare kuma da lura da ma'anonib da suka ƙunsa;
- ɗaga sautin karatun bismilla ga maza a cikin fatiha da sura a sallolin azuhur da la'asar,
- Faɗin “Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin" bayan kammala karatun fatiha,
- Faɗin “Kazalikallahu Rabbi" bayan kammala karatun suratul iklas;
- Faɗin “Astagfirullaha Rabbi Wa Atubu Ilaihi" bayan tasbihatul arba'a a cikin raka'a ta uku da ta huɗu;
- Karanta suratul ƙadri a raka'a ta farko, suratul tauhid a raka'a ta biyu cikin ko wace sallah.
Makaruhan Cikin Karatun Sallah
Wuraren da za su zo a ƙasa suna cikin jumlar ayyuka da ake lissafa su matsayin makaruhi a karatun sallah:[17]
- Barin karanta suratul tauhid cikin ko wace sallah dare da rana;
- Karanta suratul tauhid da jan numfashi ɗaya;
- Karanta sura guda ɗaya raka'o'i guda biyu, sai dai idan suratul tauhid ce ita maimaita ba makaruhi ba ne;
- Barin karatun surar da fara da ita da tsallakawa zuwa wata surar daban kafin kai wa rabin ta farko;[18] sai idan suratul tauhid ce ko kafirun su ne baya halasta bayan fara karatun su a bar su a tsallaka wasu surorin daban.[19]
Bayanin Kula
- ↑ Shafti, Tohfa Abrar, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi.80.
- ↑ Zaghli Tehrani, Anawin al-Ahkam, 1373 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 125-123; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masala'il (Mahshi), 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 543.
- ↑ Farhang Fiqh, 1382, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 126.
- ↑ Montazeri, Ma'arif wa Ahkam Nujawanan, 1423 BC, shafi na 230
- ↑ Esfahani, Resala Salatiye, 1425 AH, shafi 213.
- ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1404 BC, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 310.
- ↑ Shahidi Thani, Al-Rawdah Al-Bahiyya, 1410 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 594.
- ↑ Shahidi Thani, Al-Rawdah Al-Bahiyya, 1410 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 594; Tauzihul Al-masa'il (Mahshi), 1424 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 547.
- ↑ Faiz Kashani, Mafatih al-Shara’i’, Kitabkhana Ayatullah Marashi, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 131.
- ↑ Mohaqiq Sabzwari, Kifayat al-Ahkam, Mahdavi Publications, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 92. ↑
- ↑ Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-masa'il (Mahashi), 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 544
- ↑ Esfahani, Risaleh Salatiyeh, 1425 AH, shafi na 214-216; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-masa'il (Mohshi), 1424 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 543-549.
- ↑ Esfahani, Risala Salatiyeh, 1425 AH, shafi na 218-219; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-masa'il (Mohshi), 1424 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 544-545.
- ↑ Esfahani, Resala Salatiyeh, 1425 AH, shafi na 218.
- ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa, 1409 AH; Sashe na 1, shafi na 647.
- ↑ Montazeri, Ma'arif wa Ahkam Nojuvanan, 1423 BC, shafi na 232; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il (Mahashi), 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 559-560.
- ↑ Sheikh Baha'i, Jame Abbasi, 1429 AH, shafi 140; Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Tauzihul Al-masa'il (Mohashi), 1424 AH, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 559-560.
- ↑ Sheikh Baha'i, Jame Abbasi, 1429H, shafi 140.
- ↑ Tauzihul Al-Masa'il (Mohshi), 1424H, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 548.
Nassoshi
- Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Tauzihul Al-Masael (Mohashi), Qum, Ofishin Daba'ar Musulunci, bugu na 8, 1424H.
- Muhaqqiq Sabzewari, Mohammad Baqer, Kefaiya Al-Ahkam, Isfahan, Mahdavi Publications, bugu na farko, beta.
- Najafi, Mohammad Hasan, Jawaher al-Kalam a cikin bayanin hukunce-hukuncen Musulunci, Abbas Quchani da Ali Akhundi, Beirut, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, bugu na 7, 1404H, suka yi bincike kuma suka gyara su.
- Shaheed Thani, Zain al-Din bin Ali, al-Rawda al-Bahiya fi Sharh al-Lama' al-Damashqiya, Sharh Sayyid Muhammad Kalantar, Kum, kantin sayar da littattafai na Davari, bugun farko, 1410H.
- Faiz Kashani, Mohammad Mohsen, Mufatih al-Shara'ee, Qom, Ayatullah Murashi Najafi Library, bugun farko, beta.
- Jam'i az Nawisendigan, Farhang Fiqh, Qom, Institute of Islamic Encyclopaedia, 1382.
- Muntzari, Hossein Ali, Maarif wa Ahkam Jawanan, Qom, Saraei Publishing House, bugu na daya, 1423H.
- Shafti, Seyyed Mohammad Baqer, Tohfa Abrar Al-Maqtari Man Athar Al-Imam Al-Athar, Seyyed Mahdi Rajaee, Isfahan, Laburaren Laburaren Masallacin Sayyeed, bugun farko, 1409H.
- Sheikh Baha'i, Nizam bn Hossein, Jame Abbas, Qum, ofishin da'a na Musulunci, bugun farko, 1429H.
- Tabatabaei Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem, Al-urwa Al-Wuthgha, Beirut, Al-Alami Publishing House, bugu na biyu, 1409H.
- Zehni Tehrani, Sayyed Mohammad Javad, Anawin Al-Ahkam: Tarjama Al-Lum'a Al-Damshaqiyyah, Qum, Kantin sayar da littattafai na Vojdani, bugu na farko, 1373.
Esfahani, Mohammad Taqi, Risala Salatiyeh, Sharh Mohammad Baqer Najafi Esfahani, bincike da gyarawa ta Mehdi Baqeri Sayani, Qum, Dhu Al-Qurabi Publications, bugu na farko, 1425H.