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Husnul Aƙiba

Daga wikishia

Husnul Aƙiba ko Kyakkyawan Ƙarshe, yana nufin mutum ya ƙarasa rayuwarsa yana da imani da Allah. An yi magana game da wannan ma'ana a cikin ayoyin Alƙur'ani, ruwayoyi da addu'o'in Ma'asumai. A ra'ayin wasu, darajar ayyukan mutum tana da alaƙa da yadda ya ƙarasa rayuwarsa. Ma'ana, idan mutum ya kasance mai aikata ayyukan ƙwarai a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, za a gafarta masa zunuban da ya aikata a baya.

A cikin madogaran addini, an bayyana cewa kiyaye taƙawa, kyautata wa mutane musamman iyaye, yin tunani, neman ilimi, son Ahlul-Baiti (A.S), haƙuri, tuba, samun abokai na gari da karanta wasu zikiri da addu'o'i suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe.

A gefe guda kuma, ƙiyayya ga Ahlul-Baiti (A.S), zalunci da rashin adalci, yanke zumunci, saɓa wa iyaye, tauye haƙƙin iyali, samun aboki da abokin zama na banza, da barin umarni da kyakkyawan aiki da hani daga mummunan aiki, duk an bayyana su a matsayin abubuwan da ke hana mutum samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe.

Matsayi Da Nazarin Ma'ana

Kyakkyawan ƙarshe, ko kyakkyawan sakamako a ƙarshen rayuwa, yana nufin mutum ya ƙare rayuwarsa cikin imani da Allah da kuma kiyaye mutuncin ɗan Adam. Wannan yana da akasin mummunan ƙarshe.[1]

Samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe da nisantar mummunan ƙarshe suna daga cikin koyarwar addini.[2] Malaman tafsiri sun yi bayani kan batutuwan da suka shafi wannan ma'ana yayin fassara wasu ayoyin Alƙur'ani, ciki har da aya ta 83 a Suratul Ƙasas, ayoyi na 132 da 193 a Suratul Baƙara, ayoyi na 8 da 102 a Suratu Ali Imran, ayoyi na 126 da 128 a Suratul A'araf, da ayoyi na 101 da 109 a Suratu Yusuf.[3] Waɗannan batutuwa sun haɗa da kiyaye taƙawa har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa, wasiyyoyin Annabawa ga al'ummominsu na tsayawa kan addini har zuwa mutuwa, roƙon Allah ya shiryar da mutum ya kuma kiyaye shi daga karkacewa, da neman alherin duniya da Lahira.[4]

Neman kyakkyawan ƙarshe yana daga cikin manyan jigogin addu'a ta goma sha ɗaya a cikin Sahifatus Sajjadiyya.[5] Har ma ana sanin wannan addu'a da wannan suna.[6] A wasu littattafan ruwayoyi kuma, an ware babi-babi domin hadisai da suka shafi kyakkyawan ƙarshe, kamar babin "Husnul Akiba wa Islahus Sarira" a cikin littafin Bihar al-Anwar[7]

Haka kuma, an ruwaito cewa Annabi (S.A.W) da Imamai (A.S) sun kasance suna yin addu'a don samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe, tare da nuna damuwa game da mummunan ƙarshe.[8] Daga cikin misalan wannan akwai addu'ar Imam Ali (A.S) ga kansa da Malik Ashtar a ƙarshen wasiƙar da ya rubuta masa.[9] Haka kuma akwai addu'ar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) da yake karantawa bayan salloli,[10] ruwayar da ta nuna damuwar Annabi (S.A.W) game da ƙarshen al'amuransa,[11] da kuma tambayar da Imam Ali (A.S) ya yi wa Annabi bayan Huɗubar Sha'abaniyya.[12]

Nasir Makarim Shirazi, bisa dogaro da ruwayoyi, yana ganin cewa ƙarshen kowane aiki shi ne ma'aunin tantance darajarsa. A ra'ayinsa, idan mutum ya ci gaba da aikata ayyukan alheri a sauran rayuwarsa, za a gafarta masa zunuban da ya aikata a baya.[13]

Abubuwan Da Suke Haifar Da Shi

Masu bincike sun bayyana wasu abubuwa da za su taimaka wajen samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe, bisa dogaro da madogaran addini. Daga cikinsu akwai imani, aikin ƙwarai, taƙawa, kyautata wa wasu, musamman iyaye, tunani, neman ilimi, ƙaunar Ahlul-Baiti (A.S), haƙuri, tuba, zama da abokan zama na gari, da kuma karanta wasu zikiri da addu'o'i.[14]

Imani, Aiki Na Ƙwarai Da Taƙawa

Malaman tafsiri, yayin da suke bayanin ayoyin Alƙur'ani da ke ɗauke da kalmomi kamar«وَاَلْعٰاقِبَةُ لِلتَّقْویٰ» (Kuma ƙarshe mai kyau na taƙawa ne)[15] ko kuma «وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِینَ» (Ƙarshe na masu taƙawa ne),[16] sun bayyana nisantar ayyukan da suka saɓa wa taƙawa, kamar nuna girman kai da aikata ɓarna,[17] da kuma aikata ayyukan ƙwarai, kamar sallah da haƙuri da jure matsaloli,[18] a matsayin abubuwan da ke samar da kyakkyawan ƙarshe a duniya da kuma Lahira.[19]

Haka kuma, bisa dogaro da wasiyyar Annabi Ibrahim (A.S) ga ƴaƴansa, wadda ta yi magana kan kiyaye imani har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa a cikin aya ta 132 a Suratul Baƙara, sun bayyana cewa ya kamata mutane su kula da kyakkyawan ƙarshe na ƴaƴansu.[20]

Haka kuma, bisa dogaro da wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S),[21] sun bayyana cewa rashin amfani da ni'imomin Allah wajen aikata zunubi yana daga cikin abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe.[22]

Addu'a Da Taimakon Allah

Hashimi Rafsanjani, a cikin littafin Tafsir Rahnama, yayin bayanin jimloli kamar «وَتَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِینَ» (Ka karɓi rayukanmu muna Musulmi) ko kuma «وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الأَبْرَارِ» (Ka karɓi rayukanmu tare da mutanen kirki) a cikin aya ta 126 a Suratul A'araf da aya ta 193 a Suratu Ali Imran, ya bayyana cewa samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe yana buƙatar addu'a da kuma taimakon Allah na ɓoye.[23]

A cikin labarin imanin masu sihirin Fir'auna da Annabi Musa (A.S), sun roƙi Allah ya ba su haƙuri domin su rasu suna cikin muminai, su kuma sami kyakkyawan ƙarshe.[24]

Tuba

An bayyana tuba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe.[25] Nasir Makarim Shirazi, yayin da yake tafsirin aya ta 8 a Suratut Tahrim, ya bayyana tuba a matsayin mataki na farko na kuɓuta daga wutar Jahannama. Wannan kuwa ita ce tuba na gaskiya, wadda take sa mutum ya rabu da saɓon Allah har abada, ba tare da komawa gare shi ba.[26]

A cikin madogaran addini, an ambaci misalai da dama na mutanen da suka sami kyakkyawan ƙarshe ta hanyar tuba. Daga cikinsu akwai Fudail Bin Iyad, wanda ya shahara da fashi a zamanin Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), amma bayan ya tuba daga fashi, ya zama sanannen mai ibada da masani a fannin sanin Allah.[27] Haka kuma akwai Hurru Bin Yazid Riyahi, wanda a ranar Ashura, ta hanyar tuba da kuma yin shahada tare da Imam Husaini (A.S), ya sami kyakkyawan ƙarshe.[28]

Abubuwan Da Ke Hana Samun Kyakkyawan Ƙarshe

Masu bincike sun lissafa abubuwan da ke hana mutum samun kyakkyawan ƙarshe kamar haka: ƙiyayya ga Ahlul Baiti (A.S), son duniya fiye da kima, sanin gaskiya amma rashin taimaka mata, girman kai, zalunci da rashin adalci, yanke zumunci, saɓa wa iyaye, tauye haƙƙin iyali, zama da abokan zama marasa kyau, barin umarni da kyakkyawan aiki da hana mummunan aiki, da yaɗuwar ɓarna a cikin al'umma.[29]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Husaini, Aƙibat Bi Khair, shafi na 10.
  2. ↑ Samadi, «عاقبت‌به‌خیری از نگاه آیات و روایات»، shafi na 189, Alliyini, «عاقبت‌به‌خیری در آموزه‌های اسلامی»، shafi na 219.
  3. ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 16, shafiu na 81, Hashimi Rafsanjani, Tafsir Rahnama, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 195. Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 178, Makarim Shirazi, Payame Imam Amirul Muminin (A.S), juzu'i na 13, shafi ma 260.
  4. ↑ Daniyari,«اهمیت و جایگاه عاقبت‌به‌خیری در آیات و روایات و ادعیه»، shafi na 53-56.
  5. ↑ Ansariyan, Diyare Ashiƙan, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 101-122; Mamduhi, Shuhud Wa Shenakht, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 485-500.
  6. ↑ Sahife Sajjadiyye, Du'aye Yazdahom.
  7. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 68, shafi na 361.
  8. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payame Imam Amirul Muminin (A.S), juzu'i na 13, shafi na 262; Samadi Yazdi, «عاقبت‌به‌خیری ازنگاه آیات و روایات»، shafi na 191-194.
  9. ↑ Nahjul Balaga, (Tas'hihu Subhi Salih), wasiƙa ta 53, shafi na 302.
  10. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 346.
  11. ↑ Ƙummi, Tafsirul Ƙummi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 75.
  12. ↑ Saduƙ, Uyunu Akhbarir Rida (A.S), juzu'i na 2, shafi na 297.
  13. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payame Imam Amirul Muminin (A.S), juzu'i na 13, shafi na 262.
  14. ↑ Husaini, Aƙibat Bi Khair, shafi na 13-14; Husaini, «اهمیت و جایگاه عاقبت بخیری در اسلام»، shafi na 35-36.
  15. ↑ Suratyl Hud, aya ta 49.
  16. ↑ Suratul Ƙasas, aya ta 83; Suratul A'araf, aya ta 128; Suratul Ɗaha, aya ta 132.
  17. ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 420; Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 81; Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 177.
  18. ↑ Mugniyya, Al-Kashif, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 255.
  19. ↑ Rizayi Isfahani, Tafsir Qur'ani Mehr, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 208.
  20. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 462; Mugniyya, Al-Kashif, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 208.
  21. ↑ Saduƙ, Uyunu Akhbarir Rida (A.S), juzu'i na 2, shafi na 4.
  22. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Mishkate Hidayat, shafi na 129.
  23. ↑ Hashimi Rafsanjani, Tafsir Rahnama, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 137.
  24. ↑ Rizayi Isfahani, Tafsir Qur'ani Mehr, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 204; Ƙara'ati Tafsir Nur, juzu'i na 3 shafi na 144.
  25. ↑ Husaini, Aƙibat Bi Khair, shafi na 25.
  26. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 24, shafi na 289.
  27. ↑ Ibn Khalkan, Wafayatul A'ayan, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 47.
  28. ↑ Mufid, Al-Irshad, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 100-101.
  29. ↑ Husaini, Aƙibat Bi Khair, shafi na 64-65.

Nassoshi

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