Daƙiƙa:Suratul Hashri
 Mujadala Suratul Hashri Mumtahana  | |
 | |
| Lambar Sura | 59 |
|---|---|
| Juzu'i | 28 |
| Jerantuwa Ta Sauka | 101 |
| Adadin Ayoyi | 24 |
| Adadin Kalmomi | 445 |
| Adadin Haruffa | 1913 |
| Makkiya/Madaniyya | Madaniyya |
Saratul Hashri ita ce sura ta hamsin da tara a cikin Juzu'i na ashirin da takwas na Alƙur'ani Mai Girma; Sura ce da ta sauka a Madina, kuma an samo sunanta ne daga ayarta ta biyu.
Tana bayani ne game da tsarkake Allah da dukkan halittu ke yi, tare da bayar da labarin yadda Yahudawan Madina suka karya alƙawarin da suka yi da Annabi (S.A.W) da kuma yadda Musulmai suka samu nasara a kansu daga baya; haka kuma ta ƙunshi wasu shawarwari na gama-gari ga baki ɗayan al'ummar Musulmi.
Akwai ruwayoyi da yawa da ke tabbatar da falalar karanta wannan sura, ciki har da wadda aka jingina ga Manzon Allah (S.A.W): Duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Hashri, Allah zai gafarta masa zunubanshi na baya da na gaba.
Sunanta Da Ayoyinta
An sanya wa wannan Sura suna Al-Hashri, saboda sunan da aka samo daga maganar Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki a aya ta biyu: (Shi ne Wanda Ya fitar da waɗanda suka kafirta daga cikin Mutanen ma'abuta littafi daga gidajensu a lokacin tayawar farko.[1] Haka kuma ana kiranta da Suratu Banu Nadir, saboda wani babban ɓangare na ayoyinta yana magana ne game da su.[2] Tana da ayoyi 24 kalmomi 445 da haruffa 1913, ta fuskacin yawa tana cikin surori Mufassalat, wanda haka yake tana da wasu adadin ayoyi gajeru,[3] amma kuma ba ta da tsayi, tana cikin surori Mumtahanat,[4] kuma ɗaya ce daga cikin Musabbihat (surorin da suka fara da tsarkake Allah) kazalika wannan sura tarufe da tsarkake shi.[5]
Tsarin Saukar Da Ita
Suratul Hashri sura ce da ta sauka a Madina.[6] Dangane da jerin saukarta, an saukar da ita ga Annabi (S.A.W) a matsayin sura ta 101; sai dai kuma a cikin Alƙur'ani yanzu tana cikin Juzu'i na ashirin da takwas, kuma ita ce sura ta 59 a cikin surorin Alƙur'ani.[7]
Ma'anonin Kalmominta
Ma'ana mafi muhimmanci ta wasu daga cikin kalmominta; (Al-Hashru): Tara mutane da fitar da su, Yamul Hashri tana nufi ranar Alƙiyama, inda za a tara mutane domin yi musu hisabi. (Al-Jala'u): Ficewa fita daga ƙasar mutum. (Shaƙu): Suna gaba da shi kuma sun saɓa mishi. (Linatu): Bishiyar dabino, An kuma ce: Itacen dabino mai daraja kuma mai kyau, saboda laushin ƴaƴansa. (Afa'a): Mayar da abu (Dulatan): Kadara mai zagayawa tsakanin wasu tsurarun mutane. (Khasasatun): Talauci da buƙata (Shuhha): Rowa ko rowa tare da kwaɗayi (Gillan): Ƙiyayya da ƙulli a zuciya.[8]
Abun Ciki
Abin da wannan sura ta ƙunsa a dunƙule cikin abubuwa shida: Ayar farko tana magana kan tsarkake Allah mai hikima kuma mai ilimi wanda dukkan halittu suke yi. Aya ta biyu zuwa ta goma suna magana kan labarin rikici tsakanin Musulmai da Yahudawa masu karya alƙawari a Madina. Aya ta 11-17 Alƙur'ani yana magana kan munafukan Madina da Yahudawa da taimakon juna da suke yi. Aa cikin aya ta 21 Alƙur'ani yana bayani wajan tsarkake rai da ruhi. Wasu ayoyi daga cikin wannan sura suna magana kan nasiha ga gaba ɗayan Musulmai. Daga aya ta 22 zuwa 24 suna magana kan siffofi da ake korewa Allah da waɗanda ake tabbatar mishi da da kuma wasu Asma'ullahil Husna.[10]
Asbabun Nuzul
Ya zo cikin litattafan tafsiri cewa wannan ayoyi sun sauka ga Annabi (S.A.W) ne yayin da ya yi nasara kan Yahudawan Banu Nadir, ga labarinsu a taƙaice tare da Manzon Allah (S.A.W), Banu Nadir suna zaune ne a gefan garin Madina, a lokacin da Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi hijira zuwa Madina ya yi yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da su kan cewa za su zama ƴan baruwana, amma yayin da Musulmai suka yi nasara kan Ƙuraishawa a ranar yaƙin Badar, sai Banu Nadir suka yi farin ciki sosai, amma kuma a lokacin da Musulmai ba suyi nasara ba, sai suka warware alƙawarinsu da suka rattaba hannu tare da Annnbi (S.A.W), suka shirya kisan gilla ga Annabi (S.A.W) shugabansu Ka'abi Bin Ashraf ya yi ƙawance da Aba Sufyan kan yaƙar, har sai da Annabi (S.A.W) ya ja rundunar Sojojinsa zuwa ga Bani Nadir, ya umarce su da su fita daga garin Madina, wannan killacewa ta kai darare 21, har sai da Annabi(S.A.W) ya yi umarni da a sare wasu bishiyoyin dabino nasu, har sai an fitar da su daga Madina.[11]
Falala Da Fa'idojin Wannan Sura
Akwai falaloli da yawa game da karanta wannan sura, ga wasu daga ciki:
- An rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) duk wanda ya karanta wannan sura, Allah zai gafarta mishi zunubanshi wanda ya gabata da wanda zai zo.[12]
- An rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta wannan Suratur Rahman da Al-Hashri da yamma, Allah zai wakiltaMala'ika wanda ya zare takobi yana gadinsa har sai gari ya waye.[13] An rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) duk wanda ya karanta wannan sura a daren Jumu'a, to zai zamo cikin aminci har gari ya waye. Duk wanda ya yi alwala domin neman wata buƙata, sannan ya yi sallah raka'a huɗu, cikin kowace raka'a zai karanta Fatiha da wata sura har ya gama, bayan haka sai ya fuskanci Allah da buƙatarshi, to Allah zai biya mishi buƙatarshi, kuma duk wanda ya rubuta ta da ruwa tsarkakakke, sannan ya shanye, to zai zamo mai basira kuma zai zamo mai ƙarancin mantuwa da izinin Allah.[14]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, juzu'i na 16 shafi na 8.
- ↑ Alusi, Ruhul Ma'ani, juzu'i na 28 shafi na 324.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Dirasat al-Qur'aniyya, juzu'i na 2 shafi na 1254.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 313.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Amsal, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 105.
- ↑ Ɗusi, Tafsirut Tibyan, juzu'i na 11, Fakhrur Razi, At-Tafsirul Kabir, juzu'i na 29, shafi na 242.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 170.
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, juzu'i na 16, shafi 9-25.
- ↑ Khamagar, Sakhtare Surahaye Qur'an Karim.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Amsal, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 104.
- ↑ Mugniyya, Tafsirul Kashif, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 281; Ɗabaɗaba'i, Tafsirul Almizan, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 215-218.
- ↑ Zamakshari, Al-Kashshaf, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1621.
- ↑ Dabrisi, Jawami'ul Jami, juzu'i na 3 shafi na 529.
- ↑ Bahrani, Tafsrul Burhan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 261.
Nassoshi
- Alusi, Mahmud Bin Abdullahi, Ruhul Ma'ani FI Tafsiril Qur'anil Azim Was Sab'ul Masani, Beirut-Lebanon, Dar Ihya'il Turasil Arabi, bugu na 1, 1421H.
- Bahrani, Al-Burhan Fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Beirut, Lebanon, Dar Ihya'il Turasil Arabi, bugu na 1, 1429H.
- Dabrisi, Fadlu Bin Hassan, Jawami'ul Jami, Qom-Iran, Cibiyar Annashrul Islami da take ƙarƙshin Jami'atul Mudarrisin, bugu na 1, 1430H.
- Fakhrur Razi, Muhammad Bin Umar, At-Tafsirul Kabir, Beirut-Lebanon, Darul Kutubil Ilmiyya, bugu na 4, 1434H.
- Khurramshahi, Baha'ud-Din, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Dirasat al-Qur'aniyya, Iran- Tehran, Cibiyar Al-Asdiƙa, 1377Sh.
- Ma'arifat, Muhammad Hadi, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, Qom-Iran, Zawil Qurba, bugu na 1, 1428H.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Al-Amsal Fi Tafsir Kitabillahil Munzal, Beirut-Lebanon, Cibiyar Al-Amira,bugu na 1, 1430H.
- Mugniyya, Muhammad Jawad, Tafsirul Kashif, Beirut-Lebanon., Darul Anwar, bugu na 4, babu kwanan wata
- Musawi, Abbas Bin Ali, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, Beirut-Lebanon, Cibiyar Al-Ghadir, bugu na 1, 1433H.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Muhammad Husaini, Almizan Fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Qom-Iran, Dar Al-Mujtaba, bugu na 1, 1430H.
- Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, At-Tibyan Fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Qom-Iran, Cibiyar Annashrul Islami, bugu na 1, 1431H.
- Zamakshari, Mahmud Bin Umar, Al-Kashshaf An Haƙa'iƙ Gawid Tanzil Wa Uyunul Aƙawil Fi Wujuhil Tawil, Beirut-Lebanon, Dar Sadir, 1431H.