Dahara

Daga wikishia
Risala Ilmiyya

Ɗahara, (arabic: الطهارة) wani Isdilahi ne na Fikhu da yake dauke da ma’anar tsarkakuwa daga abubuwan da suke Najasa haka kuma daga Hadasul Akbar (Babban Kari) da Hadasul Asgar (Karamin Kari) abin ake nufi da hadasul Asgar sune Najsa misalin Kashi da Tusa da suke karya Alwala, sannan kuma hadasul Akbar shine kamar misalin Janaba da jima’i. Dahara, dole mutum ya tsarkaku Najasa a wurare misalin Alwala da sallah, dole ruwan da zaka yi alwala da shi da tufafin da zaka sa ka yi sallah dasu su zamana sun tsarkaku daga barin Najasosi, ana tsarkake Najasa da abubuwa da ake kira da Mudahhirat kamar misalin ruwa. Tsarkaka daga Hadasi a kankin kansa ba wajibi bane, yana zama wajibi domin sauke wasu ba’arin Farillai misalin Sallah da Dawafi na wajibi, haka kuma domin samun damar taba rubutun ayoyin Kur’ani, tsarkaka daga Hadasul Asgar ta hanyar Alwala, da tsarkaka daga hadasul akbar ta hanyar wanka, idan ba a samu damar da iko kan yin alwala da wanka to maimakonsu sai ayi Taimama

Bayani na Fikhu kan Daharat

a fikihu, abin da ake nufi da Daharat a galibi shine tsarkakuwar gangar jiki daga abubuwan da suke Najasa, da kuma tsarkaka daga hadasul akbar da hadasul asgar [1] abin nufi daga hadasul asgar shine abubuwa misalin fitsari da kashi da tusa da barci da dukkanin suke karya alwala [2] abin nufi da sune abubuwa misalin shiga Janaba da Jima’i da Haila da suke wajabta yin wanka [3] a cikin littafan Fikhu akwai bangare guda da yake bahasi nau’ukan abubuwan da suke Najasa da kuma Mudahhirat (abubuwan da suka tsarkake Najasa) daga alwala wanka da taimama [4]

Tsarkaka Daga Najasa

Ka duba: Ainu Najsi da Mudahhirat Cikin hukunce-hukuncen Muslunci, dukkanin abubuwa tsarkakakku ne in banda abubuwa guda goma da suke Najasa misalin fitsari da kashin mutum dana dabbobin da naman su ya haramta, da kuma jinin Mutum da jinin da Dabbobin da jininsu ke tsartuwa idan an yanka su da kuma Kare da Alade [5] dukkanin ya hada jiki da daya daga cikin wadannan Najasa, yana zama Najasa a Isdilahi ana kiran sa da Mutanajjis [6] Najasa abubuwan da suka kasance Najasa za a iya tsarkake su da wasu abubuwa da ake kiransu da sunan Mudahirrat kamar misalin ruwa. [7]

Hukuncin Tsarkaka daga Najasat

Kan Fatwar Fakihai, tsarkaka daga Najasat wajibi ce a wurare da zasu a kasa: 1.Gabbai na Alwala, a lokacin yin Alwala. 2.Ruwan Alwala da Ruwan Wanka. 3.Gabban Taimama idan hakan zai yiwu. 4. Kasa da abubuwan da suka yi kama da ita da ake Taimama da su. 5. wurin da ake Sujjada. 6.Tufafin da Jikin Masallata da Masu Dawafi. [8]

Tsarkaka Daga Hadasi

Hadasi wani abu ne da yake zama sababin karyewar tsarki [9] Malaman fikhu sun karkasa Hadasi zuwa kasha biyu: Hadasul Akbar da Hadasul Asgar [10] misdakan Hadasul Asgar su sune misalin: fitar fitsari, Kashi da Tusa, Bacci, da kuma abubuwan da suke gusar da hankali (Misalin tabin hankali da fita daga hayyaci, da shiga cikin halin Maye) da kuma karamar Istihada [11] Kashe-kashen Hadasul Akbar sun kasance kamar haka: Janaba, Jima’I, Nifasi, Istihada Mutawassida da Kasira, Haila, taba jikin Gawa. [12] Tsarkaka daga hadasul asgar na kasancewa ta hanyar ruwa, sannan tsarkaka daga hadasul akbar ta hanyar wanka [13] a halin larura zaka iya yin taimama maimakon wanka ko alwala [14]

Hukuncin Tsarkaka Daga Hadasi

Tsarkaka daga hadasi ba wajibi bane a kankin kansa, yana zama wajibi ne domin waninsa da sunayen su za su zo a kasa: 1. Sallolin Farilla, banda sallar Gawa. 2. Dawafin Wajibi 3. Taba rubutun ayoyin Kur’ani. 4. Taba Sunayen Allah, Annabi, sannan kan Fatwar da shahara har da Taba Sunayen Ahlil-Baiti. 5. Karanta Surori Aza’im. 7. Zama cikin Masallaci. 8. Shiga Masallacin Harami ko Masallacin Annabi ko da kuwa ba zama za ayi ba. [15] A wurare hudu na farko tsarkaka daga hadasul asgar da akbar duka biyu wajibi ne amma cikin hudun karshe kadai tsarkaka daga hadasul akbar ce ke zama wajibi [16] Tsarkaka daga hadasi, yana nufin yin alwala ko wanka ko taimama dole su kasance da niyyar neman kusanci zuwa ga Allah [17] Tsarkaka a wurare da dama tan kasancewa Mustahabbi daga cikinsu akwai: neman biyan bukata daga Allah, rike Kur’ani, Sallar Gawa, ziyarar Kaburbura, Karanta Kur’ani, shiga Masallaci. [18]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Meshkini, Musdalahat Fiqh, 1392, shafi na 379.
  2. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Rasail, 1429 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 22.
  3. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Rasail, 1429 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 22.
  4. ↑ Misali, duba Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasilah, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 11, 21, 38, 106, 119, 132; Najafi, Jawaherul Kalam, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 3, 8, 29, 55,
  5. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shar'i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 43-45; Najafi, Javaher al-Kalam, 1404 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 273, 290, 294, 354, 366, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 2, 38, 41.
  6. ↑ Sarwar, al-Mujajm al-Shalim Li-maslaha Elmiya wa-al-ediniyah, 1429 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 229.
  7. ↑ Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, 1392, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 132.
  8. ↑ Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 239.
  9. ↑ >Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 246-248
  10. ↑ Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 246-248
  11. ↑ Faiz Kashani, Rasael, 1429 AH, Juzu'i na 2, Rasalah 4, shafi na 22.
  12. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 9; Faiz Kashani, Rasail, 1429 AH, shafi na 22.
  13. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 9, 17.
  14. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shar’i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 38-39.
  15. ↑ >Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 237-238
  16. ↑ >Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 238
  17. ↑ Mohaghegh Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 12, 19, 40.
  18. ↑ Dayiratu Maref Fikihi Islami, Farhang Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 238

Nassoshi

  • Cibiyar Ilimin Fikihu ta Musulunci, Ilimin Fikihu bisa ga addinin Ahlul-Baiti, Qum, Cibiyar Nazarin Fikihu ta Musulunci kan addinin Ahlul-Baiti 1387.
  • Faiz Kashani, Mohammad Mohsen, Rasa'el Faiz Kashani, Binciken Behzad Jafari, Tehran, Makarantar Shahid Motahari, 1429 AH.
  • Imam Khumaini, Sayyid Ruhollah, Tahrir Al Wasila, Tehran, Imam Khumaini Editing and Publishing Institute, 1392.
  • Meshkini Ardabili, Ali, Musdalahat Al-Fiqh, Qum, Darul-Hadith, 1392.
  • Mohaghegh Hilli, Jafar bin Hasan, Shara'e al-Islam fi al-halal da haramun, bincike da edita daga Abdul Hossein Muhammad Ali Bakhal, Qum, Ismailian, bugu na biyu, 1408H.
  • Najafi, Mohammad Hasan, Javaher al-Kalam fi Sharh Shar'e al-Islam, Abbas Quchani da Ali Akhundi, Beirut, Dar Ehiya al-Trath al-Arabi, bugu na 7, 1404 AH.
  • Sarwar, Ebrahim Hossein, Al-Mujajm al-Shalim Tirmidhom Al-Ulmiyyah da Al-Diniyeh, Beirut, Dar al-Hadi, 1429H.
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