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Daƙiƙa:Tajridul I'itiƙad (Littafi)

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Tajridul I'itiƙad}
MarubuciKhajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi
Tarihin rubutu660H
Maudu'iFalsafa da Aƙidu
SaloKafa hujja da dalili
HarsheLarabci
Adadin Jildi1
Tarihin bugawa1311Sh/1932M

Tajridul I'itiƙadat ko kuma Tajridul Kalam, wani littafi ne kan ilimin kalam cikin harshen Larabci, wanda Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 672H) ya rubuta, domin bayani da kuma tabbatar da aƙidun Imamiyya tare da yin amfani da hanyar falsafa.

Wasu daga cikin batutuwan da aka ambata a cikin wannan littafi, ban da tabbatar da samuwar Allah da siffofinsa, sun haɗa da: cewa aikin aiko Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya shafi dukan duniya ne, kasancewar Alƙur'ani mai girma mu'ujizar Allah, rashin cancantar kowa in ban da Imam Ali (A.S) don riƙe halifanci bayan Manzon Allah (S.A.W), fifikon sa kan wasu mutane, kariya ko tsarkakar Imamai daga zunubi (Isma'a), da kuma tashin gawa a jiki a ranar alƙiyama.

Ana lissafin littafin Tajridul I'itiƙad matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafiya daraja a fannin aƙidun Shi'a, kuma daga cikin gajerun litattafan ilimin kalam na Shi'a; saboda haka, an rubuta ayyuka da dama don yin sharhi ko suka a kansa. A cikin littattafan da suka shafi Tajridul I'itiƙad, an gabatar da aƙalla sharhi da sharhi-gefe (Hashiya) guda 231 daga malaman Ahlus-Sunna da na Shi'a; daga ciki akwai Kashful Murad wanda Allama Hilli ya rubuta, da kuma Tasdidul Ƙawa'id wanda Abdur-Rahman Isfahani ya rubuta.

A cewar Muɗahhari, a cikin wannan littafi Khajo Nasir ya kusa dawo da ilimin kalam daga zama ilimin gardama zuwa zama ilimin da ke dogaro da hujjoji bayyanannu.

Marubuci

Babban labari: Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi

Nasirud- dini Muhammad Bin Muhammad Ɗusi, wanda aka fi sani da Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi, babban masanin falsafa kuma masanin lissafi Musulmi ne (an haife shi a Ɗus a shekara ta 597, ya rasu a Bagdad a shekara ta 672H), wanda a lokacin mulkin Holaku Khan na kasar Mongol, ya kafa cibiyar binciken sararin samaniya ta Maraga a shekara ta 660H.[1]

Ya rubuta kusan ayyuka da littattafai guda 200, da suka haɗa da rubuce-rubuce, sharhi, fassara, da kuma wasu maƙaloli a fannoni daban-daban, kamar su ilimin hankali wanda ya haɗa da falsafa, kalam, da ɗabi'a; da ilimai kamar su lissafi, Algebra, da kimiyyar lissafi (Physics); da iliman addini kamar su fiƙihu da tafsiri; da kuma tarihi, waƙa, likitanci, da kiɗa.[2] Daga cikin muhimman ayyukansa akwai Sharhul Isharat, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Tajrid Fil Manɗiƙ, Fusul Nasiriya, Awsaful Ashraf, Ƙawa'idul Aƙa'id, Naƙdul Muhassal, da .[3]

Gaba ɗaya Da Abubuwan Da Ke Ciki

Tajridul I'itiƙad, ko kuma kamar yadda yake a wasu kwafin Tajrid al-Aƙa'id,[4] ko kuma kamar yadda Agha Buzurg Tehrani ya ambata a cikin littafinsa Az-Zari'a, Tajridul Kalam,[5] rubutun Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi ne, [6]kuma bisa ga shahararren ra'ayi, an kammala rubuta shi a shekara ta 660H.[7]

An rubuta wannan littafi ne da harshen Larabci, kuma gauraye ne na falsafar Musulunci da ilimin kalam na Shi'a, inda aka bayyana batutuwan ilimin kalam tare da fuskantar su ta fuskar falsafa.[8] Tajridul I'itiƙadat ya kasance abin koyi ga rubuta ayyukan ilimin kalam na Ahlus-Sunna da Shi'a tun daga ƙarni na bakwai bayan hijira. [9]An tsarawa littafin sassa shida kamar haka:

  1. Al'amuran gama-gari (Umurul amma): Ya ƙunshi kashi uku: kasancewa da rashin kasancewa (wujud da adam), haƙiƙanin ainahi (Mahiyya), da kuma dalili da wanda aka yi wa dalili (Illa da ma'luli).
  2. Jawahir da A'arad: Ya ƙunshi kashi biyar: jawahir na jikkuna (kashi biyu), jawahir marasa jiki (mujarrad), da kuma a'arad.
  3. Tabbatar da Mahalicci da Siffofinsa: Ya ƙunshi babi uku: wujud, siffofi, da kuma ayyukan Allah maɗaukaki.
  4. Annabci: Ya ƙunshi babi 10: aiko da annabawa, wajabcin aiko su, siffofin annabawa, mu'ujizai, karamomi, gamayyar aiko da annabawa, aiko da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W), kasancewar Alƙur'ani abin mu'ujiza, soke hukunci (Naskh), da kuma gamayyar aiko da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W).
  5. Imamanci: Ya ƙunshi babi 12 ciki har da wajabcin naɗa Imam, tsarkaka (Isma'a), fifikon Imam, wajabcin samun nassi kan Imam, imamancin Imam Ali (A.S), rashin cancantar kowa in ba Imam Ali ba, Imamai 12, da kuma masu adawa da masu yaƙi da Imam Ali. Babi uku na wannan sashi sun shafi Abubakar, Umar, da Usmanu.
  6. Makoma (Ma'ad): Ya ƙunshi babi 11 ciki har da yiwuwar halittar wani duniyar, tashin gawa a jiki, lada da azaba, afuwar Allah, ceto (shafa'a), tuba, da sauransu...

Matsayi

Ana ɗaukar Tajridul I'itiƙadat a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafiya muhimmancin litattafan ilimin kalam na Shi'a kuma wani littafi ne na musamman,[10] wanda duk da karancin girmansa, manyan malaman Musulunci da na Shi'a da yawa sun rubuta sharhi da fassara a kansa, tare da magana kan yarda ko ƙin amincewa da ra'ayoyin Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi.[11] Agha Buzurg Tehrani, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu binciken littattafai na Shi'a, ya ɗauki Tajridul I'itiƙad a matsayin mafiya daraja a cikin ayyukan aƙidun Shi'a.[12] Bisa binciken Ali Sadra'i Khuyi da aka ambata a cikin littafin Kitabe Shinasi Tajridul I'itiƙad, an rubuta aƙalla sharhi da hashiya 231 don wannan littafi.[13]

A cewar masu bincike, Khajo Nasir Ɗusi a cikin wannan littafi, tare da haɗa falsafar Masha'iyya da ilimin kalam na Shi'a, ya sami nasarar kusantar da ilimin falsafa da ilimin kalam tsakanin masu tunani na Shi'a.[14]

A cewar Murtada Muɗahhari, Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi ta hanyar rubuta Tajridul I'itiƙad, ya kusantar da ilimin kalam daga hikimar gardama zuwa hikimar da ke dogaro da hujjoji bayyanannu,[15] kuma masu ilimin kalam na Musulunci Ash'ariyya da Mu'utazilawa sun yi koyi da hanyar Khajo Nasir a cikin wannan littafi.[16] Khajo Nasir da kansa ya bayyana cewa wannan littafi yana da mafi kyawun hanya kuma ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyi da aƙidun da aka tabbatar masa da hujjoji.[17]

Sharhi da Bayani

Tajridul I'itiƙad yana ɗaya daga cikin mafiya taƙaitattun litattafan ilimin kalam na Shi'a,[18] kuma malaman ɓangarori daban-daban na Musulunci sun rubuta sharhi da fassara da yawa a kan sa da harshen Farisa da Larabci.[19] Kashful Murad fi Sharhi Tajridil I'itiƙad, wanda Allama Hilli, ɗalibin Khajo Nasir Ɗusi ya rubuta, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farkon sharhi kan Tajridul I'itiƙad,[20] kuma Fazil Qushci, daga cikin malaman Ahlus-Sunna[21] wanda shi ma ya rubuta sharhi kan Tajrid, yana da imanin cewa idan da Allama Hilli bai rubuta sharhin Tajrid ba, wataƙila ba a taɓa fahimtar ainihin nufin Khajo daga batutuwan wannan littafi ba.[22] Daga cikin sharhi da fassarori da aka rubuta kan Tajridul I'itiƙad, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi jan hankali kuma har ma an wallafa litattafai don bayyana su ko sukansu. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sharhi da fassarori sun haɗa da:

  • Kashful Murad fi Sharhi Tajridil I'itiƙad: Wanda Hassan Bin Yusuf Hilli (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 726H) ya rubuta, shi ne farkon sharhin Tajrid wanda aka wallafa aƙalla ayyuka 10 a cikin sharhi da fassara a kansa, kuma biyu daga cikinsu suna tare da fassarar Farisanci.[23]
  • Tasdidul Ƙawa'id fi Sharhi Tajridil Aƙa'id: Ko kuma Tashiyidul Ƙawa'id, ko Tashdid Ƙawa'id, wanda aka fi sani da Sharhul Ƙadim, na Mahmud Bin Abdur-Rahman Isfahani, don mayar da martani ga rubuce-rubucen Khajo Nasir-dini, musamman ma a kan batun imamanci.[24] Ali Bin Muhammad Jurjani, ta hanyar amfani da hashiyar Nasirid -dini al-Kashi, ya rubuta suka kan Tasdidul Ƙawa'id[25] wanda ake kira hashiyar Jurjani,[26] kuma an wallafa aƙalla litattafai 26 don sukar sa. Ban da Jurjani, wasu mutane 9 sun rubuta suka a kan Sharhul Ƙadim.[27]
  • Sharhu Tajridil I'itiƙad: Wanda Ali Bin Muhammad Ƙushci ya rubuta, wanda aka fi sani da Sharh Ƙushci da Sharhul Jadid. Wannan littafi ma kamar Sharhul Tasdidil Ƙawa'id, an rubuta shi ne don nuna ƙin amincewa da aƙidun Khajo Nasir, musamman a kan batun imamanci,[28] kuma ya fi sauran sharhi shahara, sannan kuma an rubuta suka da yawa a kansa.[29]
  • Ɗabaƙatul Jalaliyya wal Sadriyya: Sunan ayyuka biyar ne da aka musayar tsakanin Mulla Jalalud-Din Dawani da Sadrud-Din Muhammad Dashtaki, game da Sharhu Ƙushci.[30] An ba da rahoton cewa adadin sukar da aka rubuta game da waɗannan ayyuka biyar ya fi litattafai 60.[31]
  • Shawariƙul Ilham fi Sharhi Tajridil Kalam: Wanda Ali Bin Husaini Fayyaz Lahiji, babban ɗalibin Mulla Sadrush-Shirazi ya rubuta, shi ne mafiya cikakken sharhi da aka rubuta kan Tajrid, kuma an rubuta hashiya da yawa a kansa.[32]

Kwafin Da Ake Da Su

Akwai kwafi da dama na Tajridul I'itiƙad; daga ciki akwai wata kwafi wacce ranar rubuta ta ta kasance shekara ta 669H, kuma ana adana ta a ɗakin karatu na Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci da yake a Tehran[33] An fara wallafa kofar bugu ta Tajridul I'itiƙad ata karon farko tare da sharhin Allama Hilli a shekara ta 1311Sh.[34]

Akwai bugu daban-daban na wannan littafi; ciki har da kwafi wacce Muhammad Jawad Husaini Jalali ya gyara tare da sharhinta, wadda aka wallafa a shekara ta 1407H a Qum. Har ila yau, Abul Hassan Sha'arani ya fassara tare da wallafa sharhin Allama Hilli (Kashful Murad) a shekara ta 1351Sh tare da sharhin[35], sannan kuma an buga kwafi wacce Hassan Zade Amoli ya gyara a shekara ta 1407H a Qum.[36]

Agha Buzurg Tehrani[37] da Haji Khalifa[38] sun gabatar da adadi mai yawa na sharhi, fassara, da hashiya na Tajrid. Haka ma Ali Sadrayi Khuyi da Sayyid Mahmud Mar'ashi, a cikin wani aiki mai taken "Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad", sun gabatar da dukkan ayyukan da suka shafi littafin ta hanyar binciken rubuce-rubucen hannu na Tajridul I'itiƙadat da kuma sharhi da hashiya da yawa da aka yi masa. Babban ɗakin karatu na Ayatullah Mar'ashi Najafi ne ya wallafa wannan aiki a shekara ta 1382 Sh a birnin Qum.[39]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Nasirid-dini Ɗusi, Tansukh-nama-ye Ilkhani, gabatarwa, shafi na 19.
  2. ↑ Ku koma ga: فهرست آثار خواجه نصیر‌الدین طوسی
  3. ↑ Nasirid-dini Ɗusi, Tansukh-nama-ye Ilkhani, gabatarwa, shafi na 22.
  4. ↑ Duba: Nasiruddin Tusi, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, shafi na 101.
  5. ↑ Duba: Agha Buzurg Ṭehrani, Az-Zari’a ila Tasānif ash-Shi’a, Dar al-Aḍwa, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 352–354; Sha’rani, Kashf al-Murad, shafi na 11.
  6. ↑ Haji Khalifa, Kashf az-Zunun, Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 346.
  7. ↑ Nasiruddin Tusi, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, binciken Husaini Jalali, gabatarwar mai bincike, shafi na 73.
  8. ↑ Nasiruddin Tusi, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, binciken Husaini Jalali, gabatarwar mai bincike, shafi na 71.
  9. ↑ Nasiruddin Tusi, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, binciken Husaini Jalali, gabatarwar mai bincike, shafi na 71.
  10. ↑ Duba: Sha'rani, Kashf al-Murad, shafi na 11.
  11. ↑ Husaini Khunsari, Kashf al-Astar, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 24.
  12. ↑ Agha Buzurg Ṭehrani, Az-Zari’a ila Tasānif ash-Shi’a, Dar al-Aḍwa, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 352.
  13. ↑ Sadra'i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 13.
  14. ↑ Ahmadi, Ajmali az Seyr-e Falsafe-ye Islami..., shafi na 224; Dawari, Peydayesh va Bast-e Elm-e Kalam, shafi na 119.
  15. ↑ Muɗahhari, Ashenayi ba Ulum-e Islami, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 68.
  16. ↑ Muɗahhari, Ashenayi ba Ulum-e Islami, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 57.
  17. ↑ Allama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad fi Sharh Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 20.
  18. ↑ Allama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad fi Sharh Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 11.
  19. ↑ Kunturi, Kashf al-Hujub wa al-Astar an Asma al-Kutub wa al-Asfar, shafi na 97; Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafuka na 12–13.
  20. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 35.
  21. ↑ Sha’rani, Kashf al-Murad, shafi na 11.
  22. ↑ Agha Buzurg Ṭehrani, Az-Zari’a, Dar al-Aḍwa, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 353; Allama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad fi Sharh Tajridul I'itiƙad, gabatarwar Hasan Hasanzada Amoli, shafi na 3; Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 35.
  23. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafuka na 35–41.
  24. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 42.
  25. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 44.
  26. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 47-54.
  27. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafuka na 55-58.
  28. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 59.
  29. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 59.
  30. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 63.
  31. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 59-130.
  32. ↑ Sadra’i Khuyi, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 162-162.
  33. ↑ Nasiruddin Tusi, Tajridul I'itiƙad, Maktab al-I'lam al-Islami, binciken Husaini Jalali, gabatarwar mai bincike, shafi na 76.
  34. ↑ Van Dijk, Iktifa al-Qunu’ bima Huwa Matbu’, shafi na 197.
  35. ↑ Duba: Sha’rani, Kashf al-Murad: Sharh Tajridul I'itiƙad, shafi na 13.
  36. ↑ Duba: Allama Hilli, Kashf al-Murad, 1407H.
  37. ↑ Agha Buzurg Ṭehrani, Az-Zari’a, juzu’i na 3, shafuka na 352–354; juzu’i na 6, shafuka na 64–70.
  38. ↑ Haji Khalifa, Kashf az-Zunun, Dar Ihya’ at-Turath al-Arabi, juzu’i na 1, shafuka na 346–351.
  39. ↑ Duba: Sadra’i Khu’i, Kitabshinasi-ye Tajridul I'itiƙad, 1382HSh.

Nassoshi

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