Daƙiƙa:Suratul Masad
 Iklas Suratul Masad Nasri  | |
 | |
| Lambar Sura | 111 |
|---|---|
| Juzu'i | 30 |
| Jerantuwa Ta Sauka | 6 |
| Adadin Ayoyi | 5 |
| Adadin Kalmomi | 22 |
| Adadin Haruffa | 81 |
| Makkiya/Madaniyya | Makki |
Suratul Masad ko Suratul Tabbat ita ce sura ta 111 a cikin Alƙur'ani, kuma tana daga cikin surorin Makka. Tana cikin juzu'i na talatin. Sunan Masad (Igiya da aka saƙa daga zaren dabino) ya samo asali ne daga kalmar ƙarshe ta surar, yayin da sunan Tabbat ya samo asali daga aya ta farko.
An saukar da wannan sura ne game da Abu Lahab da matarsa, waɗanda suka kasance cikin mafi tsananin maƙiyan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W). A cikin surar, Allah Ya yi musu bushara da azabar wutar Jahannama. Haka kuma Allah Ya kira matar Abu Lahab da Hammalatul haɗabi (Mai ɗaukar itace), domin tana yawan jefa ƙayayuwa a hanyar da Annabi (S.A.W) yake bi don cutar da shi.
A cikin wasu ruwayoyi an ruwaito cewa Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi addu'a cewa Allah kada Ya haɗa wanda yake karanta wannan sura da Abu Lahab a wuri guda (wato a gidan wuta ko a makoma ɗaya).
Gabatarwa
Sanya Suna
An sanya wa wannan sura suna Suratul Masad ne saboda kalmar ƙarshe da ta zo a cikinta, wato masad, ma'ana igiya da aka saƙa daga zaren dabino.[1] Haka kuma ana kiranta Suratul Tabbat, domin ita ce kalmar farko ta surar. Saboda surar ta yi magana ne game da Abu Lahab, ana kuma kiranta Suratul Abu Lahab.[2]
Wurin Saukowa da Jerin Saukowa
An saukar da Suratul Masad ne a farkon lokacin da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya fara bayyana da'awarsa a fili. Saboda haka tana daga cikin surorin Makka.[3] A jerin saukowar Alƙur'ani ita ce sura ta shida, amma a tsarin Mus'hafi da ake karantawa a yau ita ce sura ta 111, kuma tana cikin juzu'i na talatin na Kur'ani.[4]
Yawan Ayoyi da Kalmomi
Suratul Masad tana da ayoyi 5, kalmomi 22, da haruffa 81. dangane da tsawonta, tana daga cikin surorin Mufassalat, wato surori masu gajerun ayoyi, kuma tana daga cikin Qisar, wato gajerun surorin Alƙur'ani.[5]
Abubuwan da Surar Ta Ƙunsa
dukkanin Suratul Masad tana magana ne game da Abu Lahab da matarsa. Surar ta bayyana halakar Abu Lahab da rushewar ayyukansa, sannan ta sanar da cewa shi da matarsa za su shiga azabar Jahannama.[6]
A cikin Tafsir Namune an bayyana cewa wannan ita ce kaɗai surar Alƙur'ani da aka ambaci sunan ɗaya daga cikin maƙiyan Musulunci kai tsaye. Haka kuma an nuna cewa abin da surar ta ƙunsa yana tabbatar da irin tsananin gaba da ƙiyayyar da Abu Lahab da matarsa suka yi wa Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W).[7]
Gargaɗin Annabi da Zagin Abu Lahab
An ruwaito hadisai da dama game da dalilin saukar Suratul Masad, kuma duk suna da ma'ana kusan ɗaya. An ruwaito daga Ibn Abbas cewa wata rana Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya hau kan tudun safa, ya kira mutanen Ƙuraishawa, sannan ya yi musu gargaɗi game da azaba mai tsanani da za ta zo idan ba su yi imani ba.
A lokacin, Abu Lahab, wanda yake cikin taron, ya zagi Annabi (S.A.W) tare da nuna rashin jin daɗinsa, yana cewa: "Shin saboda wannan ne ka tara mu?"
Sannan ya ce: "Tabban laka", ma'ana: "Ka tabe!" ko "Ka halaka!"
Sai Allah Ya saukar da ayoyin Suratul Masad a matsayin martani ga wannan zagi, inda Ya bayyana cewa Abu Lahab ne ainihin wanda ya tabe kuma ya halaka.[8]
Hammalatul Haɗab (Mai ɗaukar itace)
A cikin Suratul Masad, Allah Ya siffanta Ummu Jamil, matar Abu Lahab, da kalmar hammalatul-haɗab (mai ɗaukar itace). Malaman tafsiri sun kawo fassarori daban-daban kan dalilin amfani da wannan siffa a gare ta, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Ummu Jamil tana ɗaukar ƙayayuwan jeji a bayanta, kuma idan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya fito domin yin sallah, sai ta zuba su a hanyarsa domin ta cutar da shi.[9]
- Saboda munanan ayyukan da take aikatawa, tana kunna wa kanta wutar Jahannama, wato tana aikata abubuwan da za su jefa ta cikin azaba.[10]
- Kalmar hammalatal-haɗab kuma tana zama kinaya ce ga tsegumi da yaɗa fitina; wato tana yawan kai maganganu tsakanin mutane domin haddasa rikici da gaba.[11] [Tsokaci 1] A kan wannan ma'ana ne aka shahara da wani baitin waƙa na Sa'di.
Tarjama: Tsakanin mutane biyu idan yaƙi ya tashi, tamkar wuta ne, kuma mai tsegumi mugu yana zama mai ɗaukar itacen wuta
Falala da Fa'idodinta
An rawaito daga Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Masad, ina fatan Allah ba zai haɗa shi da Abu Lahab a gida ɗaya ba."[12]
Wannan magana kinaya ce da ke nuna cewa wanda yake karanta wannan sura zai kasance cikin mutanen Aljanna, domin ba za a haɗa shi da Abu Lahab, wanda yake cikin mazaunan Jahannama, a makoma guda ba.[13]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Raghib Iṣfahani, Mufradat, ƙarƙashin kalmar Masad.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Suratul Masad, shafi na 1270.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu’i na 27, shafuffuka na 411–412.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Suratul Masad, shafi na 1270.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Suratul Masad, shafi na 1270.
- ↑ Allama Tabataba'i, Al-Mizan, juzu’i na 20, shafi na 384.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu’i na 27, shafi na 412."
- ↑ Waḥidi Naysaburi, Asbab al-Nuzul, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 248.
- ↑ Ṭabarsi, Majmaʿ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qurʾan, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 852.
- ↑ Murtaḍa Muṭahhari, Majmuʿah-ye athar, juzu’i na 28, shafi na 825.
- ↑ Shaik Ṭusi, Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qurʾan, Beirut, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 428.
- ↑ Ṭabarsi, Majmaʿ al-Bayan, juzu’i na 10, shafi na 850.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, juzu’i na 27, shafi na 412.
Tsokaci
- ↑ A cikin wani karin magana na Larabci an ce: «Al-namimah waqudu nari al-ʿadawah» Ma’anarsa ita ce: Tsegumi shi ne makamashin wutar ƙiyayya da gaba. Wato, ana ɗaukar tsegumi a matsayin itacen wuta da ke ƙara rura harshen ƙiyayya da gaba tsakanin mutane. (Maydani, Majma al-Amthal, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 345.)
Nassoshi
- Alƙur'ani Mai Girma, fassarar Muhammad Mahdi Fuladwand, Tehran, Gidan Bugawa na Alƙur'ani Mai Girma., 1418H/1376HSh.
- Daneshnameh-ye Qur'an wa Qur'an-Pazhuhi, ƙarƙashin kulawar Baha' al-din Khurramshahi, Tehran,Gidan Bugawa na Dostan–Nahid, 1377HSh.
- Fakhr al-din al-Razi, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bn Umar, Mafatih al-Ghaib, Beirut, Gidan Wallafawa don Raya Gadon Ilimin Larabawa., bugu na uku, 1420H.
- Ma'rifat, Muhammad Hadi, Amuzish-e Ulum-e Qur'ani, fassarar Abu Muhammad Wakili, Cibiyar Bugawa da Wallafawa ta Hukumar Yaɗa Addinin Musulunci, 1371HSh.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Tafsir Namuna, Tehran, Gidan Bugawa na Littattafan Musulunci, bugu na farko, 1374HSh.
- Mutahhari, Murtaḍa, Majmu'ah-ye athar , Qum, Gidan Bugawa na Sadra, bugu na farko, 1389HSh.
- Raghib Isfahani, husayn bn Muhammad, Mufradat Alfaẓ al-Qur'an, Beirut, Gidan Bugawa na Alƙalami, bugu na farko, 1412H.
- Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad husayn, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut, Cibiyar Al-A'lami ta Bugawa da Wallafawa, bugu na biyu, 1974M.
- Tusi, Muhammad bn al-hasan, Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, bincike Ahmad Qasir al-Amili, Beirut,Gidan Wallafawa don Raya Gadon Ilimin Larabawa, babu shekarar bugawa.
- Wahidi Naisaburi, Asbab al-Nuzul, fassarar 'Ali Riḍa dhakawati Qaraguzlu, Tehran, Gidan Bugawa na Ney, 1383HSh.
- Ṭabarsi, Fadl bn Hassan, Majma'ul al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Tehran, Nasir Khusraw, bugu na uku, 1372HSh.