Daƙiƙa:Suratul Ƙalam
 Mulki Suratul Ƙalam Haƙƙa  | |
 | |
| Lambar Sura | 68 |
|---|---|
| Juzu'i | 29 |
| Jerantuwa Ta Sauka | 2 |
| Adadin Ayoyi | 52 |
| Adadin Kalmomi | 301 |
| Adadin Haruffa | 1288 |
| Makkiya/Madaniyya | Madaniyya |
Suratul Ƙalam, wadda ake kuma kira Suratun Nun Wal Ƙalam, ita ce sura ta 68 a cikin Alƙur'ani, kuma tana daga cikin surorin Makka. Tana cikin Juzu'i na 29. An sanya wa wannan sura suna Ƙalam (Alƙalami) ne saboda Allah Ya yi rantsuwa da alƙalami a farkon surar.
Abubuwan da surar Ƙalam ta ƙunsa sun haɗa da: ƙarfafa zuciyar Annabi (S.A.W) a yayin da mushrikai suke yi masa ƙarya da zarge-zarge, umurninsa da ya yi haƙuri, da hana shi bin mushrikai. Haka kuma surar tana tunatar da mushrikai game da azabar da za ta same su a ranar Alƙiyama.
Daga cikin ayoyin da suka shahara a wannan sura akwai ayar "Wa in yakad", da kuma ayar da ta bayyana cewa Annabi (S.A.W) yana da kyawawan halaye na girma (Khulƙi Azim).
A cikin wasu ruwayoyi an ambaci cewa duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Ƙalam a cikin sallar farilla ko nafila, zai kasance cikin kariya daga talauci da kuma matsin kabari.
Gabatarwa
- Sanya suna
Sakamakonn wannan sura ta fara da kalmar "Ƙalam" kuma Allah ya yi rantsuwa da Alƙalami da abin yake rubutawa, aka sanya wa wannan sura suna Suratul Ƙalam. haka kuma saboda ayar farko ta fara ya huruful muƙadda'a (Yankakkun haruffa) ma'ana harafin "Nun" ya zama sunanta na biyu da ake kiranta shi da shi ko kuma Nun Wal Ƙalam.[1]
- Jerantuwar Da Kuma Mahallin Da Sauka
Suratul Ƙalam tana cikin surori da aka saukar a Makka, kuma cikin tsarin jerantuwar sauka ta kasance sura ta biyu daga surorin Alƙur'ani da aka saukar wa da Annabi (S.A.W). Wannan sura a tsarin jerantuwar Alƙur'ani na yanzu sura ce ta 68 , kuma tana cikin juzu'i na 29.[2]
- Adadin Ayoyi Da Saunran Siffofi
Wannan sura tana da ayoyi 52, kalmomi 301 da haruffa 1288, sannnan ta fuskacin girma tana cikin surori mufassalat kuma ta kai kusan rabin hizbi, wannan sura ta fara da huruful muƙaɗɗa'a da kuma rantsuwa.[3]
Wannan sura ana lissafa ta cikin jerin surori mumtahinat[4] waɗanda aka ce surori ne da suke alaƙa da kamanceceniya ta fuskar abin da suka ƙunsa da Suratul Mumtahana.[5][Tsokaci 1]
Abun Ciki
Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i, a cikin littafinsa Almizan, bai keɓe ma'anar alƙalami (Ƙalam) ga wani takamaiman irin alƙalami ba. Ya ɗauki kalmar "ma yasɗurun" wato abin da suke rubutawa, a matsayin magana mai faɗi da ta haɗa da duk wani abu da ake rubutawa.
Ya kuma bayyana alƙalami da abin da ake rubutawa ta hanyar alƙalami a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ni'imomin Allah da Ya yi wa ɗan Adam. Ta hanyar wannan ni'ima ne mutum ya samu shiriya da jagoranci zuwa ga gaskiya da ilimi.
Haka kuma an ambaci wannan babbar ni'ima a cikin Suratur Rahman,[Tsokaci 2] ya kuma yi bayani [Tsokaci 3] An kuma yi ishara da wannan a cikin; A zahiri, rantsuwar Allah da alƙalami da abin da ake rubutawa da shi rantsuwa ce da ni'ima. A cikin kalaman Allah, yin rantsuwa da nau'o'in ni'imominSa abu ne da aka saba yi.
Misalan hakan sun haɗa da rantsuwa da rana, wata, dare da yini, har ma da ɓaure da zaitun.[6] Za a iya rarraba ma'anoni da jigogin wannan sura zuwa batutuwa kamar haka:[7]
- Bayyana halaye na musamman na Annabi (S.A.W) da kuma jaddada kyawawan halayensa da ɗaukakar ɗabi'arsa.
- Bayyana munanan ɗabi'u da siffofin mushrikai da maƙiyan Annabi (S.A.W).
- Bayyana labarin "As'habul Janna"(Ma'abota Lambu) da kuma gargaɗi ga mushrikai.
- Tunatar da mutane game da Ranar Alƙiyama da kuma azabtar da mushrikai.
- Umarni ga Annabi (S.A.W) da ya kasance cikin haƙuri, juriya da tsayin daka wajen fuskantar mushrikai, tare da hana shi bin mushrikai.
Ƙissoshin Tarihi
- Ƙissar ma'abota lambu (Ayoyi na 17-33)
Daga aya ta goma sha bakwai zuwa gaba Suratul Ƙalam an bada labarin wasu mutane masu arziƙi waɗanda suke da wani lambu mai kyawun gaske da kuma yalwar amfanin gona a ƙasar Yaman. Wannan lambun na wani dattijo ne wanda yake amfani da abin da ya isa buƙatunsa, sannan ya kan raba sauran amfanin gonar ga mabuƙata da talakawa.
Bayan rasuwarsa,ƴaƴansa suka yanke shawarar cewa za su kwashe duk ribar lambun domin kansu, su kuma hana talakawa da mabuƙata samun komai daga cikinsa. Saboda rowa da rashin tausayi da suka nuna, wani dare sai walƙiya ta afkawa lambun, ta ƙone shi gaba ɗaya, har ba abin da ya rage daga cikinsa. Sai ɗaya daga cikin ƴan uwan ya tunatar da su game da Allah. Daga nan sai suka nadama kan abin da suka aikata, suka tuba zuwa ga Allah.
A ƙarshen wannan labari, a aya ta 33, an tunatar da cewa girman kai da mantawa da halin mabuƙata na iya kai mutum ga irin wannan mummunan sakamako.[9]
Wasu daga cikin malaman tafsiri sun bayyana cewa daga wannan labari za a iya fahimtar cewa jarabawa tana daga cikin sunnonin Allah; haka kuma, shirye-shiryen da ake yi domin hana talakawa da mabuƙata samun haƙƙoƙinsu na iya fuskantar rashin nasara. Haka nan, fushin da azabar Allah ba su taƙaita ga ranar Lahira kawai ba, domin akwai yiwuwar su faru tun a duniya. Horo da azabtarwa suna daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi Ubangijintakar Allah, kuma wannan yana nuna cewa tsare-tsaren mutum na iya rasa tasiri a gaban tsarin da nufin Allah. Bugu da ƙari, labarin yana nuna kula da Allah ga talakawa da mabuƙata, tare da koyar da cewa mutum ba zai iya tabbatar da samun nasara ta hanyar lissafinsa da tsare-tsarensa kawai ba, domin sakamakon al'amura yana ƙarƙashin ikon da nufin Allah.[10]
Shahararrun Ayoyi
- Lalle waɗanda suka kafirta suna kusa su rinƙa kife ka da idanunsu sa'ad da suka ji Alƙur'ani, kuma suna cewa: Lalle shi mahaukaci ne. Alhali kuwa, wannan ba komai ba ne face tunatarwa ga talikai. (Ayoyi na 51–52.)
Ayoyi na 51 da 52 na Suratul Ƙalam sun shahara da sunan "Wa In Yakad", kuma wasu suna kiransu da ayoyin kariya daga mugun kallo (idon hassada).
Mutane da yawa suna yin rubuce-rubuce ko allunan ado da waɗannan ayoyi, sannan su rataye su a gidajensu ko wuraren aikinsu, saboda suna ganin cewa karanta ko sanya ayoyin na iya taimakawa wajen kariya daga mugun kallo.
A gefe guda kuma, wasu malamai, kamar Farfesa Murtada Muɗahhari, duk da cewa ya yarda da asalin yiwuwar tasirin mugun kallo, yana ganin cewa waɗannan ayoyi da kuma rataye su a cikin gida ko shago ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da batun mugun kallo.[11]
Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i yana ganin cewa mafi yawan malaman tafsiri sun danganta kalmar "izlaƙ" da aka ambata a cikin ayar da mugun kallo (idon hassada). A fahimtarsa, mugun kallo wani nau'i ne na tasirin ruhi ko na zuciya, kuma babu wata hujjar hankali da za ta tilasta a ƙaryata samuwarsa.
Haka kuma, akwai wasu abubuwa da aka ruwaito a matsayin misalai ko shaida waɗanda za su iya dacewa da abin da ake kira mugun kallo wato mutum ya yi wa wani kallo mai cutarwa ko kuma wani ya kamu da tasirin irin wannan kallo. Bugu da ƙari, akwai ruwayoyi da hadisai da aka ruwaito game da wannan al'amari.[12]
- Kuma lalle kai (Ya Muhammad) kana da kyawawan ɗabi'u na girma. (Aya ta 4)
A cikin tafsirin wannan aya an bayyana cewa, duk da cewa ayar tana yabon kyawawan ɗabi'un Manzon Allah (S.A.W), abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne kyawawan halayensa na zamantakewa, wato ɗabi'un da suka shafi mu'amalarsa da sauran mutane.
Daga cikin waɗannan ɗabi'u akwai tsayawa tsayin daka a kan gaskiya, yin haƙuri da jure wa cutarwar mutane da kurakuransu, da kuma yin afuwa da yafiya gare su. Haka kuma sun haɗa da karamci, sauƙin kai wajen mu'amala, tawali'u, da sauran kyawawan halaye.[13] Allama Ɗabaɗaba'i, a ƙarshen juzu'i na shida na Tafsirin Almizan, ya kawo ruwayoyi guda 183 game da siffofin jiki, ruhaniya da ɗabi'un Annabi (S.A.W). A wasu lokuta kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani da sharhi a kan ma'anoni da abin da waɗannan ruwayoyi suka ƙunsa.[14] Daga cikin Waɗannan akwai wata ruwaya daga Imam Ali (A.S) wacce ya bayar da a matsayin amsa ga tambayar Imam Husaini (A.S) game da yadda majalisun Manzon (S.A.W) suke kasancewa: ya ce: Annabi (S.A.W) a cikin majalisa yana ba kowa haƙƙinsa yadda ya kamata, har babu wani daga cikin waɗanda suke zaune tare da shi da yake jin cewa Annabi yana girmama wani daga cikin sauran abokan zamansa fiye da shi. Idan wani ya zo wurinsa, Annabi yakan yi haƙuri tare da shi har sai mutumin da kansa ya tashi ya tafi. Kuma duk wanda ya roƙe shi wata buƙata, ba ya barin wurinsa sai dai ya samu abin da ya nema, ko kuma ya koma yana farin ciki saboda amsar da Annabi ya ba shi wadda ta gamsar da shi.
Taushin halayensa ya kai matuƙa, har mutane suka ji cewa za su iya ɗaukar sa a matsayin uba mai tausayi gare su. Kuma a wurinsa, kowa yana da haƙƙi daidai da kowa.[15]
Falaloli Da Fa'idoji
An ruwaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa: Duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Ƙalam a cikin sallar farilla ko ta nafila, Allah zai kiyaye shi daga talauci, kuma Ya tsare shi daga matsin kabari.[16]
A wata ruwaya kuma an ambaci cewa ladan karanta Suratul Ƙalam yana daidai da ladan mutanen da Allah Ya ɗaukaka haƙurinsu (ko hankalinsu). Haka kuma an ruwaito cewa idan aka rubuta wannan sura a kan wani abu, sannan aka ɗora shi a kan haƙorin da ke ciwo, ciwon haƙorin zai lafa nan take.[17]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Daneshname Qur'an Wa Qur'an Pajuhi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1257.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, Amuzesh Ulume Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 168.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Daneshname Qur'an Wa Qur'an Pajuhi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1258.
- ↑ Ramyar, Tarikhe Qur'an, shafi na 360 da 596.
- ↑ فرهنگنامه علوم قرآن، ج۱، ص۲۶۱۲.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 368.
- ↑ Makarin Shirazi, Barguzide Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 243; Khurramshahi, Daneshname Qur'an Wa Qur'an Pajuhi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1257-1258.
- ↑ Khamegar, Sakhtar-e Sureha-ye Qur'an Karim.
- ↑ Makarin Shirazi, Barguzide Tafsir Namuna, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 248-251.
- ↑ Ƙara'ati, Tafsire Nur, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 181.
- ↑ Muɗahhari, Majmu'e Asar, juzu'i na 27, shafi na 631-632.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 388.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 19, shafi na 369.
- ↑ Ku duba: Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 302-338.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Almizan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 337; Musawi Hamadani, Sayyid Muhammad Baƙir, Tarjame Tafir Almizan, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 436.
- ↑ Shaik Saduƙ, Sawabul A'amal, shafi na 119.
- ↑ Bahrani, Al-Burhan, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 451.
Tsokaci
- ↑ Mumtahinat su ne surori 16 na Alƙur'ani waɗanda aka ce As-Suyuṭi ya ambace su da wannan suna. (Ramyar, Tarikhe Qur'an, shafi na 596). Waɗannan surori su ne: Fathi, Hashri, Sajda, Ɗalaƙ, Ƙalam, Hujurat, Tabarak, Tagabun, Munafiƙun, Jumu'a, Saffi Jinni, Nuhu, Mujadila, Mumtahana, Tahrim, (Ramyar, Tarikhe Qur'an, shafi na 360.)
- ↑ خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ Tarjama: Ya halicci mutum, kuma Ya koya masa bayani (iya magana da bayyana abin da ke cikin zuciya da tunani). Suratur Rahman, ayoyi 3-4.
- ↑ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ*عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ Tarjama: Shi ne Allah wanda Ya koyar da mutum ilimin rubutu da alƙalami, kuma Ya koya wa mutum abin da bai sani ba. Suratul Alaƙ, ayoyi na 4-5.
Nassoshi
- Farhangnameh-ye Ulume Qur'an, Qom, Ofishin Tabligate Hauze Ilimiyye Qom.
- Qur'an Karim, Tarjame Muhammad Mahdi Fuladwand, Tehran, Dar al-Qur'an al-Karim, 1376Sh.
- Bahrani, Hashim Bin Sulaiman, Al-Burhan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, binciken Cibiyar al-Bi'isa, Qom, Cibiyar al-Bi'isa, 1415H.
- Khamegar, Muhammad, Sakhtare Surahaye Qur'an Karim, Cibiyar Farhangiyye Qur'an wa Itrate Nurus Saƙalain, Qom, Mawallafar Nashra, bugu na 1, 1392Sh.
- Khurramshahi, Bahauddin, Daneshname Qur'an Wa Qur'an Pajuhi, Tehran, Mawallafar Nahid, 1377Sh.
- Ma'arifat, Muhammad Hadi, Amuzesh Ulume Qur'an [ba a bayyana wurin bugawa ba], Cibiyar Bugawa da Rarraba ta Sazimane Tabligate Islami, bugu na farko, 1371Sh.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir; Ali Baba'i, Barguzide Tafsir Namuna, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, bugu na huɗu, 1377Sh.
- Muɗahhari, Murtada, Majmu'e Asar Tehran, Mawallafar Sadra, bugu na goma, 1387Sh.
- Ramyar, Mahmud, Tarikhe Qur'an, Tehran, Cibiyar al-Ilmiyyah was-Saƙafiyya, 1362Sh.
- Shaik Saduƙ, Muhammad Bin Ali, Sawabul A'amal wa Iƙabul A'amal, bincike: Sadiƙ Hasan Zadeh, Qom, Armaghan Tuba, 1382Sh.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Almizan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Juzu'i na 19, Beirut, Cibiyar al-A'lami lil-Matbu'at, bugu na biyu, 1973M.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Almizan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Juzu'i na 6, Beirut, Cibiyar al-A'lami lil-Matbu'at, bugu na biyu, 1971M.
- Ƙara'ati, Muhsin, Tafsire Nur, Tehran, Cibiyar Farhangi Darsehayi az Qur'an, 1383Sh.