Ubayyu Ɗan Ka'ab

Daga wikishia


Ubayyun ɗan Ka'ab, (Larabci: أبي بن كعب) Ɗaya daga cikin sahabban Manzon Allah (S.A.W) kuma ɗaya daga cikin marubuta da makaranta Alkur'ani. Wasu masu nazari suna ganinsa a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa iya karatun Alkur'ani a cikin al'ummar musulmi, kuma suna ganin cewa wani adadi daga ƙira'oi guda bakwai da suka shahara sun tasirantu ne daga gare shi, Kamar yanda aka ruwaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) Ahlul- baiti (A.S) sun kasance suna karanta Alƙur'ani da kira'ar Ubayyu. Wasu sahabbai da tabi'ai kamar Ibn Abbas da Abu Abdur-rahman Sullami, sun koyi karatu a wurinsa. Ubayyu bin Ka'ab ya tattara Alkur'ani a zamanin Manzon Allah (S.A.W), Sai dai kwafinsa yana da saɓani da Alkur'anin yanzu.

Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana daga cikin ƴan shi'a masu adawa da halifancin Abubakar, ya ɗauki Imam Ali (A.S) a matsayin halifan Manzon Allah (S.A.W). Ya kasance daga cikin gungun Ansar 70 wadanda suka yi mubaya'a ga Annabi (S.A.W) a bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu. Ya Halarci yaƙuna kaman Badar, Uhud da Ahzab, An ce ya rubuta littattafai kan abin da ya shafi tafsiri da falalar Alkur'ani. Sai dai a cewar masu bincike da yawa daga cikin ruwayoyin da ake jingina su ga Ubayyu bin Ka'ab dangane da falalolin surori ba su inganta ba, Masana tarihi sun yi saɓani game da shekarar wafatinsa, amma bisa ra'ayin da ya fi shahara, ya rasu a zamanin halifancin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab.

Matsayin Da Yake Da Shi A Tarihin Muslunci

Ubayyu bin Ka'ab bin ƙais daga ƙabilar Khazraj, kuma daga yana ɗaya daga Ansar,[1] An ce Annabi (S.A.W) ya kira shi da alkunyar "Abul Munzir" Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab kuma ya kira shi da "Abul ɗufail"[2] Daga laƙabunsa akwai "Sayyidul- Muslimin",[3] Sayyiul-ƙurra" (wato shugaban masu karatu)[4] da "Sayyidul Ansar"[5] ya iya rubuta tun a zamanin jahiliyya, da mutane ƙalilan ne suka iya rubutu.[6]

Kamar yadda wasu hadisai suka ruwaito, Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana daga cikin mutanen da suka ɗauki Imam Ali (A.S) a matsayin halifan Annabi bayan wafatin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) Abu Salah Al-halabi[7] malamin kalam da fikikun shi'a a karni na 4 ya ambaci cewa Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana cikin ƴan Shi'a.[8] Kamar yanda wasu ruwayoyi suka ruwaito Ibn Ka'ab yana daga cikin mutane goma sha biyu da suka yi wa Abubakar bore kan halifanci maimakon Imam Ali (A.S)[9] Kamar yanda ya zo a cikin littafin Al'ihtijaj, Ubayyu bin Ka'ab ya ruwaito hadisi daga Manzon Allah (S.A.W) wanda a cikinsa aka bayyana imamancin Imam Ali (A.S) bayan Annabi.[9]

Kamar yadda aka ruwaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa, Ƙira'ar Imaman Shi'a ta kasance irin ta Ubayyu bin Ka'ab,[10] Sayyid Hassan Sadar mawallafin littafin Ta'asisul Al-shi'a ya kafa hujja da wannan riwayar ta Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) kan cewa lalllai Ubayyua ya rabauta da matsayi mai girma.[11] ya koyi bakidayan Alkur'ani kai tsaye daga manzon Allah (S.A.W)[12] An ce Ubayyu Ibn Ka'ab ya kasance a gaba-gaba cikin makarantar madina,[13] Kamar yadda wasu rahotanni suka ce yana daga cikin mutanen da suka haddace Alkur'ani a lokacin Annabi (S.A.W).[14]

Kamar yanda hadisi ya zo a madogaran ahlus-sunna, yana daga cikin mutane huɗu da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi wasiyya da a koyi Alƙur'ani daga gare su,[15] ya zo cewa dalilin aminci da ingancin ma'abota kira'o'i guda bakwai ya kasancewa sakamakon sun rawaito Alƙur'ani daga imam Ali (A.S), Usman, Abdullahi bin Mas'ud, Zaid bin sabit ko Ubayyu bin Ka'ab.[16] Wasu hadisai na Ahlul-Sunna, sun yi bayani kan falalar wasu daga Sahabbai, sun bayyana Ubayyu a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa sanin ƙira'a a cikin al'umma kamar yadda Annabi (S.A.W).[17]

Yaƙoƙin Da Ya Je

Wasu rahotanni sun ce Ubayyu bin Ka'ab ya yi mubaya'a ga Manzon Allah (S.A.W) a Aƙaba ta biyu.[18] Sai dai kuma Ibn Hisham masanin tarihi na ƙarni na uku bai ambaci sunansa ba a cikin mutanen da suka yi mubaya'a ba a wannan lokacin a aƙaba ta biyu,[19] bayan Hijira Annabi (S.A.W) ya ƙulla yarjejeniya ta 'yan uwantaka tsakanin Ubayyu da Sa'id bin Zaid bin Amru.[20]] wasu kuma sun ce a tsakanin Ubayyu da ɗalha bin Ubaidullahi.[21] Ibn Ka'ab ya halarci yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) irin su Badar, Uhud, Khandaƙ.[22] Ya sariyya bisa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hamza bin Abdul Muɗɗalib wadanda suka faru a farkon watan bakwai bayan hijira zuwa madina.[23] Kamar yadda wasu rahotanni suka ce kafin ya musulunta ya kasance daga malaman yahudawa.[24]

Marubucin Annabi (S.A.W)

Kamar yanda tarihi ya nuna cewa farkon wanda ya rubuta wasiƙun Annabi a Madina[25] shi ne Ubayyu bin Ka'ab, idan bayanan Zaid bin sabit yake karɓar wannan aikin.[26] sai dai cewa kuma Imam Ali (A.S0 shi ne wanda yake rubuta wasiƙun Annabi (S.A.W) na sulhu yarjejeniya.[27] An kuma ce Ubayyu bin Ka'ab shi ne farkon wanda ya rubuta sunansa da mahaifinsa a matsayin marubucin wasiƙar a ƙarshen wasiƙun da ya rubuta,[28] Ibn Ka'ab wani lokaci ya na koyar da sahabban da ba su jima da musulunta ba kur'ani da hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a a madadin Annabi (S.A.W).[29] sannan ya kasance daga marubutan Wahayi.[30] Kamar yadda hadisin Ɗabari (wanda aka rubuta a shekara ta 303 bayan hijira). Ubayyu bin Ka'ab da Zaid bin sabit, suna rubuta wahayi ne a cikin lokutan da babu Imam Ali (A.S) da Usman a kusa.[31]

Ƙira'ar Ubayyu

Ibn Jazari ɗaya daga cikin malaman ilimin kira'a ya ɗauki Ubayyu bin Ka'ab a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa iya ƙira'a a cikin al'umma.[32] Kamar yadda wasu masu bincike suka ce, ƙira'ar Ubayyu shi ne babban tushen ƙira'a da aka sani wajan inganci. An yi iƙirarin cewa ƙira'ar Ubayyu bin Ka'ab na ɗaya daga cikin manyan asasin ƙira'ar Hijaz, domin a cikin masu ƙira'a bakwai karatun Nafi'u da Ibn Kasir (daga cikin masu ƙira'a a Hijaz) sun tasirantu sosai daga ƙira'ar Ubayyu.[33] Hakanan ƙira'ar kufa ta Asim da Kisa'i sun tasirantu sosai daga ƙira'ar Ubayyu.[34] Bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (S.A.W), Ubayyu Ibn Ka'ab ya fara karantar da ƙur'ani ga wasu sahabbai, kamar Ibn Abbas da Abu Huraira, da tabi'ai irin su Abu Abdur-rahman Sullami da Abul-aliya Riyahi.[35]

Mus'haf Na Ubayyu

Masu binciken ilimin Alƙur'ani sun naƙalto cewa Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana da mus'haf wanda ake kira da mus'haf Ubayyu.[36] kamar yanda rahotanni daban-daban suka nuna hakan.[37] Ya shifta wannan mus'hafin almajireansa.[38] kuma sun rubuta.[39] A bisa kasancewar Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana raye a zamanin Usman, ya kasance yana cikin mutanen da aka umarta da su tattara kuma su daidaita alƙur'ani. da Umarnin Usman.[40]

Mushaf ɗin Ubayyu Bin Ka'ab kamar yadda Alƙur'ani yake shi ma haka yake, yana farawa da suratul Hamdi ya ƙare da mu'uzataini, amma ya dan sha bamban da Alƙur'ani ta wajan jera ba'arin surori.[41] da jerin wasu kalmomi, a cewar Alusi ɗaya daga cikin malaman tafsirin Ahlus-Sunna, da kuma Muhammad Hadi Ma'arifat, ɗaya daga cikin malaman tafsiri na shi'a, a cikin Mus'haf ɗin Ubayyu an rubuta suratul ƙuraishi da suratul filu a matsayin sura guda ɗaya, amma ta wani ɓangaran kuma, akwai surori biyu masu suna."Al-Khul'a" da "Al-Hafd" waɗanda babu su cikin sauran Mus'haf ba.[42] Don haka, Alƙur'aninsa yana da surori 115.[43] Tabbas kamar yanda Ibn Nadim ya rawaito Mawallafin littafin Baghdadi, ya ce al'ƙur'anin Ubayyu yana da surori 116.[44]

Kasancewar surori biyu da aka ambata a cikin Alƙur'anin da Ubayyu ya kawo ana ganin ya saɓawa ra'ayin sauran sahabbai, kuma sun saba wa ijma'in musulmi.[45] wasu malaman Alƙur'ani suna ganin cewa, babu wani dalili da ya sa waɗan nan surorin na "al-khul'a" . da "al-hafd" da aka ambata a cikin Mus'haf Ubayyu, su kasance daga cikin Alƙur'ani[46] domin shi wannan Mus'haf ɗin ba iya ayoyi da surori ya ƙunsa ba harda wasu ruwayoyi da tafsiri da addu'o'i ma sun kasance rubuce aciki kuma "Al-Khul'a" da "Al-Hafd" suna daga cikin addu'o'in da aka haɗa a cikin Mus'haf ɗin Ubayyu bin ka'ab.[47]

Hadisai Da Rubuce-rubuce Da AKa Jingina Zuwa Ga Ubayyu

Kamar yanda Ibn Nadim ya ruwaito a cikin Al-Fahrast, Ibn Ka'ab ya rubuta littafi kan falalar ƙur'ani.[48] A cewar Agha Buzurg tehrani manazarci ya amabci cewa littafin Ubayyu ya kasance littafi na farko da aka rubuta a kan mas'alar falalar Alkur'ani.[49] Kamar yadda a wasu littattafan tafsiri misalin Maj'maul Al-bayan wal-Kashf wal-bayan, akwai ruwayoyi daga Ubayyu Ibn Ka'ab kan falalar karanta wasu surorin Alƙur'ani.[50] Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ruwayoyin da aka jingina wa Ubayyu Ibn Ka'ab kan falalar surori riwayoyi ne ƙirƙirarru,[51] wasu daga Sufaye ne suka ƙirƙiresu saboda kwaɗaitar da musulmi karatun Alƙur'ani.[52] A cewar Suyuɗi, Ubayyu bin Ka'ab yana da babban littafin tafsirin Alƙur'ani da ya samo asali daga ƙarni na farko, wanda malaman tafsiri irin su Muhammad bin Jarir al-ɗabari da Ibn Abi Hatam suka yi amfani da shi.[53]

Kamar yadda Nawawi mai binciken hadisi na Ahlus-sunna ya ce, an ruwaito hadisai 164 daga Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ta hanyar Ibn Ka'ab, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin sahihu Bukhari, wasu kuma a cikin sahihu Muslim.[54] Daga cikin sahabbai akwai Abu Ayyub Ansari, Abdullahi Ibn Abbas da Abu Musal Ash'ari sannan, daga cikin tabi'ai suwaidu bin Gafala da Abdur-rahman bin Aswad da Abdur-rahman bin Abi Laila .[55] Hadisan da Ubayyu bin Ka'ab ya ruwaito yawancinsu sun shafi mas'alolin fikihu, da tafsiri, da tarihi da tauhidi, da zuhudu.[56]

Rasuwa

Ubayyu bin Ka'ab ya rasu a Madina.[57] An ambaci shekaru daban-daban game da ranar wafatinsa, amma a cewar Ibn Abdul-Bar, ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin tarihin ƙarni na biyar, ya rasu ne a zamanin halifancin Umar. (wato 13-23 hijiri) wannan ya fi shahara fiye da sauran mahangu da aka kawo.[58] A cikin rahotannin tarihi an kawo shekara ta 19, 20, 22, 30 da 32 bayan hijira a matsayin shekarar wafatinsa.[59] A bisa wata riwayar wafatinsa ya kasance bayan zamanin Umar, an ce Usman ne ya yi sallar jana'izarsa.[60]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 61.
  2. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 61.
  3. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 61.
  4. ↑ Al-Madani, Al-Darraj al-Rafia, 1983, shafi na 324
  5. ↑ Khalaf, Tafsir al-Sahabi al-Jalil Ubayyu bin Ka'b, 2001, shafi na 11.
  6. ↑ Ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 378.
  7. ↑ Duba: Sheikh Al-Saduq, Al-Khisal, 1362 AH, juzu'i na 2, 461; Sheikh Al-Mufid, Al-Fusul Al-Mukhtara, 1413 AH, shafi 90; Al-Tabarsi, Al-Ihtijaj, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 75; Kuma 113.
  8. ↑ Al-Halabi, Taqrib Al-Ma'rif, 1417H, shafi na 234; 383; Kuma 403.
  9. ↑ Al-Tabarsi, Al-Ihtijaj, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 114.
  10. ↑ Al-Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 634.
  11. ↑ Al-Sadr, Ta'aisisul Al-Shi’a, 1375, shafi na 324.
  12. ↑ Ibn Mahran, Al-Mabsoot fi Al-Qira’at Al-Ashr, Kwalejin Harshen Larabci, shafi na 23.
  13. ↑ Muddeb, Rowas'haye Tafsiri Qur’an, 1380H, shafi na 45.
  14. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, Al-Muntazim, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 8.
  15. ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, 1422, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 36; Al-Naysaburi, Sahih Muslim, Dar Revival of Arab Heritage, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1914.
  16. ↑ Mukaddima FI Ulum Alqur’ani, 1392 AH, shafi na 42.
  17. ↑ Al-Tirmizi, Sunan Al-Tirmidhi, 1395 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 665; Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 68.
  18. ↑ Ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 378.
  19. ↑ Khalaf, Tafsir al-Sahabi al-Jalil Ubayyu bin Ka'b, 2001, shafi na 13, Ibn Hisham, Sirah al-Nabawiyya, Dar Al-Marafah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 442-445.
  20. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 423.
  21. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 378.
  22. ↑ Al-Waqadi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 9.
  23. ↑ Al-Dahabi, Al-Tafsir wa Al-Mufassiroon, Dar Ihiya al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 92.
  24. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isri'ab, 1412H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 68.
  25. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 68.
  26. ↑ Baladhari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959 miladiyya, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 531.
  27. ↑ bn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 69
  28. ↑ bn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 68
  29. ↑ Duba: Ibn Khaldun, Tarihin Ibn Khaldun, 1408H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 475-476.
  30. ↑ Duba: Ibn Khaldun, Tarihin Ibn Khaldun, 1408H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 475-476.
  31. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh Al-Tabari, 1387H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 179.
  32. ↑ Ibn al-Jazari, Ghayat al-Nihayah, 1351 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 31.
  33. ↑ Paketchi, “Abi Ibn Ka’b wa Ulum Qur’an”, shafi na 464.
  34. ↑ Paketchi, “Abi Ibn Ka’b wa Ulum Qur’an”, shafi na 464.
  35. ↑ Ibn al-Jazari, Ghayat al-Nihayah, 1351 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 31.
  36. ↑ Alawi Mehr, Ashnayi Ba Tarikh Tafsir wa mufassiran, 1384H, shafi na 79.
  37. ↑ Ibn Abi Dawud, Al-Masahif, 1423H, shafi na 164-166.
  38. ↑ Ibn Abi Dawud, Al-Masahif, 1423H, shafi na 166
  39. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh Islami, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 193.
  40. ↑ Ibn Abi Dawud, Al-Masahif, 1423H, shafi na 105; Ibn Saad, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 381.
  41. ↑ Ma'rifat, Al-Tamheed, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 324-325.
  42. ↑ Al-Alusi, Ruh al-Ma’ani, 1415 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 26–27; Ma'rifat, Al-Tamheed, 1415H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 323.
  43. ↑ Al-Alusi, Ruh al-Ma’ani, 1415 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 26–27; Ma'rifat, Al-Tamheed, 1415H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 323.
  44. ↑ Ibn al-Nadim, Al-Fahrist, 1417 AH, shafi na 44-45.
  45. ↑ Alawi Mehr, Ashnayi Ba Tarikh Tafsir wa Mufassiran, 1384H, shafi na 79.
  46. ↑ Al-Zarkashi, Al-Burhan, 1376 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 127-128.
  47. ↑ Rizvan, Ara'u Mustashriqun haula Alqur’anil Al-kareem wa Tafsirihi, 1413 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 413.
  48. ↑ Ibn al-Nadim, Al-Fahrst, 1417H, shafi na 56.
  49. ↑ Agha Buzurg al-Tehrani, Al-Dhari’ah, 1408H, juzu’i na 16, shafi na 262.
  50. ↑ Duba: Al-Tabarsi, Majma’ Al-Bayan, 1372 AH, juzu’i na 6, shafi 419, 463, 501, 535 da 607; Al-Thaalabi, Kashf wa Bayan, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 138, 220, 262, 301, 327 da 358.
  51. ↑ Ibn al-Salah,Marifatu anwa'i ulumil alhadis, 1406 AH, shafi 100.
  52. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, al-mauduat, 1388, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 241.
  53. ↑ Al-Siyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur’an, 1421 AH, juzu’i na 2, shafi 472.
  54. ↑ Nawi, Tahzeeb al-Asma, Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 109.
  55. ↑ Salim, “Ubayyu Ibn Ka’ab”, 464.
  56. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 195.
  57. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 195.
  58. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, 1412H, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 69.
  59. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 63.
  60. ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Al-bad'u wa Al-Tarikh, Maztabat Al-Thaqafa al-Diniyya, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 116.

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