Taɗhir

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Tadhir (Larabci:التطهير) ma’ana Tsarkakewa da kawar da Najasat, Malaman Fikihu suna ganin Wajibi Tsarkake wasu Ba’arin wasu Abubuwa idan suka tabu da Najasa kamar Misalin Masallaci, Haraman Imamai (A.S) da kuma Tufafi da Jikin Masu Sallah, Ruwa shi ne mafi Shaharar Mutahhirat (Abubuwan da suke tsarkake Najasa) Ruwa yana tsarkake duk wani abu da ya Najastu, Sauraran Mutahhirat Sune: Rana, Kasa, da Istihala. Bisa Fatawar Malaman Fikihu, Abin da ya najastu yana tsarkakuwa idan aka wanke shi sau daya da Ruwa Kalil, sai dai cewa Fitsari ana wanke shi sau biyu, haka kuma Kwanukan da suka Najastu ana wanke su sau uku da ruwa, haka Malaman Fikihu sun tafi kan cewa Ruwan da za ayi amfani da shi don tsarkake Najasa Dole ya kasance Ruwa Mudlaki (tsantsar Ruwa) kuma Tsarkakakke a kankin kansa, kuma ka da ya kasance daga Ruwa Muzaf, bayan wankewa dole ya zama ainahin Najasar ta kau bata ragu ba a cikin Jikin abin da aka wanke, na’am idan ya zamana akwai ragowar Wari da Kalar Najasa cikin jikin abin da aka wanke to babu matsala

Mafhumi da Matsayi

Tadhir a Luggance yana da ma’anar tsarkakewa [1] hakika cikin Bahasin Fikihu a sashen Bahasin Najasa, ma’anarsa shi ne Kawar da Najasa [2] akwai bukatar tsarkake dukkanin abin da yake Najasa da aka yi amfani da shi [3] akwai wasu da Malaman Fikihu suke ganin wajibi ne Kawar da Najasa daga cikinsu, daga cikinsu akwai Masallaci, [4] Haraman Imamai (A.S) [5] Alkur'ani, [6] Tufafi da Jikin Masu sallah [7] da kuma Dawafi, [8] Mahallin da ake dora Goshi domin Sujjada a lokacin Sallah, [9] Gabban Alwala da na Wanka [10] Likkafanin Mamaci. [11] Magana kan Tadhir da kawar da Najasa ta zo cikin litattafan Fikihu, ana bahasi kan Tadhir ne yawanci a cikin babukan Dahara da Sallah. [12]

Ku duba Makala: Kawar da Najasa

Mutahhirat

Asalin Makala: Mutahhirat Mutahirrat, ma’ana Masu tsarkakewa, wani Isdilahi ne na FIkihu da ake amfani da shi kan wasu abubuwa da suke tsarkake abubuwan da suka tabu da Najasa, [13] Mutahhirat suna da Rabe-rabe daban-daban ance adadinsu ya kai 20 a wurin Malaman Fikihu, [14] Wasu ba’arin Mutahhirat sun kasance kamar haka: Ruwa, Kasa, Rana, Istihala, Intikal, Muslunta, Istibra’i, Dabbobin da suke cin Najasa, fakuwa Musulmi, [15] kowanne guda daga wadannan abubuwa yana da kebantaccen hukunci, anyi bayaninsa filla-filla cikin Litattafan Fikihu. [16] Mafi muhimmanci cikin Mutahhirat shi ne Ruwa, saboda shi Ruwa shi ne abin da yake tsarkake duk wani abu da ya najastu sabanin sauran Mutahhirat din. [17]

Hanyar Tsarkake Najasa da Ruwa

Ruwa Shi ne Mafi shaharar Mutahhirat a Wurin Musulmai, [18] Malaman Fikihu suna cewa idan wani abu wanda ba kwanuka ba ya Najastu da najasar da ba Fitsari ba, to bayan kawar da ainahin Najasa idan aka wanke shi da Ruwa Kalil sau daya ya tsarkaka, Ruwa Kalil ( Ruwan da ba Kur ba ko Jari) [19] amma abubuwan da suka Najastu da Fitsari dole idan za a wanke su da Ruwa Kalil a wanke su sau biyu [20] cewa wasu Adadin Malaman Fikihu a cikin Misalin Shimfida da Tufafi wajibi lokacin da ake tsarkake su da ruwa a matse su domin fitar da ruwan da ya rage a cikinsu. [21] A fatawar Malaman Fikihu, idan aka tashi tsarkake kwanukan da suka najastu dole ne a wanke su sau uku [22] idan da Ruwa Kalil ne, amma idan da Ruwan Kur Ko Jari za a tsarkake su to idan aka wanke sau daya ya wadatar sai dai idan kwanon ya najastu ne daga Giya ko lallagen Kare ko Alade [23]

Hukunce-hukuncen Tadhir

Bayanin Hukunce-hukunce Masu Tarin yawa ya zo cikin Litattafan Fikhu dangane da Tadhir daga Jumlarsu akwai:

  • Tadhir da niyyar neman Kusancin Allah. [24]
  • Wajabcin Tadhir ya zo a wurare da daman gaske. Misalin tsarkake Tufafi a halin Sallah ko kuma tsarkake Mahallin da ake Sujjada, wajabci ne na Mukaddima [25] ma’ana na ya zama wajibi ne saboda yin Sallah bawai a kankin kansa ba.
  • Ruwan da ake tsarkake Najasa da shi dole ya kasance Ruwa Mudlaki kuma tsarkakakke, haka kuma a lokacin da ake wanke Najasa da shi kada ya kasance Ruwa Muzaf, sannan bayan wankewa dole ya zama Ainahin Najasar ta kauce. [26]
  • Abin da ya najastu da Najasa matukar ba a kawar da ainahin Najasar ba baya tsarkakuwa, samma idan ya zama Kala da warin Najasa ne ya rage a jiki ba matsala, misalin idan aka kawar da Jini daga jikin Tufafi sannan aka wanke Tufafin da Ruwa sai ya zamana Kalar Jini tana nan bata fita ba, babu matsala ya tsarkaku. [27]
  • Mafitar Fitsari bata tsarkakuwa da wani abu idan ba Ruwa ba, bayan gama fitsari dole a tsarkake Mafitsara Sau biyu da ruwa, wasu Jama’a daga Malaman Fikihu suna ganin wankewa sau daya yana wadatarwa. [28]
  • Mafitar Kashi yafi dacewa a tsarkaketa da Ruwa amma za a iya tsarkaketa da yanakin wani Takarda ko Hogi Dutse ko kyalle. Tana tsarkaka kamar an yi wanke da Ruwa. [29]
  • Idan Kasan Kafa ko kasan Takalmi ya najastu, suna tsarkakuwa ta hanyar tattakawa kan Kasa, amma tare da sharadin Kasar da za a taka ta kasance tsakakakkiya, sannan kuma bayan takawar ainahin Najasar ta fita, kuma dole inda za a taka ya kasance gundarin Kasa, Ko Dutse, Ko Bulo ko Mosaic da misalinsu. [30]
  • Rana tana tsarkake Kasa da Gine-gine da Tabbatattun Yankin jikinsu misalin Taga da aka sanya jikin Ginin, amma fa tare da cikar wasu Sharudda. [31]
  • abin da ya kasance ya Najastu a baya, idan Mutum Guda daya ya samu nutsuwa kan tsarkakuwarsa, ko kuma Mutane biyu suka bada shaida kan tsarkakuwarsa ko kuma Ma’abocin Abin ya bada labari cewa ya tsarkaka, to ana masa lissafi da tsarkakuwa. [32]

Ku duba Makala: Takhalli

Dirasa

  • Mutahhirat Dar Islam, rubutun Mahadi Bazargan, wannan littafi da yake kunshe da bincike kan Hukunce-hukuncen Dahara da Tsafta a Muslunci a mahangar Biochemistry tareda taimakon Dokokin ilimin Physics da Chemistry da Fomololin Ilimin Lissafi, Nashir Alfatahu ta buga shi shekara ta 1359 h Shamsi.
  • Ahkam Mutahhirat, Najasat wa Takhalli, Mutabik Dawazda Tan Az Maraji Taklid, Wasu Gayyar masu bincike ne suka rubuta wannan Littafi domin warware kurakuran littafan fatawa. Mawallafi: Cibiyar Bincike t Baƙir Ululm (A.S) shkeara ta 1396 Nashir ta buga littafin.
  • Ahkam Mutahhirat , rubutun Sayyid Rida Musawi Bayegi da Ali Tabataba’I, wannan littafi wani adadi ne na Mustanadat da aka jingina su da Litattafan Fikihu, misalin Al-urwatul Al-Wuska, Tahrirul Al-wasila, Minhajul As-Salihin, da Risalolin Fikihu, da Tambayoyin Fikihu da ingantattun Sayit-Sayit Na Maraji’ai ta hannun cibiyar Intisharat Ridawi aka buga shi.

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Dehkhoda, Luggat Nameh, Zailu Wajeh Tadhir.
  2. ↑ Khoi, al-Tanqih, 1418 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 276.
  3. ↑ Muassaseh dayiratu Almaref Fiqh Islami, FarhanFiqh farsi, 2007, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 289.
  4. ↑ Muqaddis Ardabili, Majma al-Fedat da al-Bayan, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 325; Faqih Hamdani, Misbah al-Faqih, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 56.
  5. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 99.
  6. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 99.
  7. ↑ Najafi, Majmaal al-Rasal, 1415 AH, shafi na 43; Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, Dar al-Alam, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 119.
  8. ↑ Bahrani, al-Hadaiq al-Nadrah, Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 86.
  9. ↑ Shahid Awwal, Al-Zikra, 1377, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 14.
  10. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, al-Urwa Al-Wughta, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 298.
  11. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 251
  12. ↑ Muassaseh Dayiratul Almaref Fikh Islami, Farhang Fikh Farsi, 1387, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 388.
  13. ↑ Meshkini, Mustalahat Al-Fiqhi, 1392, shafi na 528.
  14. ↑ Muassaseh Dayiratul Almaref Fikh Islami, Farhang Fikh Farsi 1387, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 239
  15. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Waghti, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 146-107.
  16. ↑ Bani Hashemi,Tauzihul Masa'il, 1424 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 99.
  17. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, al-Urwa al-Wughta, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107.
  18. ↑ Mughniyeh, Fiqh Ala Al-Mazahib Al-Khamsa, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 28.
  19. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424H, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 105-106.
  20. ↑ Bani Hashemi,Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 105.
  21. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 105.
  22. ↑ Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wughta, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 109.
  23. ↑ Tabatabaei Yazdi, al-Urwa al-Waghta, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 112.
  24. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Al-Kalam, 1362, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 93.
  25. ↑ Faqih Hamdani, Misbah al-Faqih, 1416 Hijira, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 35
  26. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Almasa'il , 1424 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 99.
  27. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 110.
  28. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 59.
  29. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 59.
  30. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-masa'il al-Marjah, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 114.
  31. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Masa'il Al-Marjah, 1424H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 117.
  32. ↑ Bani Hashemi, Tauzihul Al-Masa'il Al-Marjah, 1424H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 133.

Nassoshi

  • Imam Khumaini, Tahrir al-Wasila, Qum, Dar al-Alam Press Institute, bugun farko, beta.
  • Bahrani, Yusuf bin Ahmad, al-Hadaiq al-Nadrah fi Haqam al-Utrah al-Tahira, Qom, Al-Nashar al-Islami Foundation of Jama’ah al-Madrasin, Bita.
  • Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Sayyid Mohammad Hossein, Tauzihul Al-Masal al-Marjah, Qum, ofishin wallafe-wallafen Musulunci, bugu na 8, 1424H.
  • Khoi, Seyyed Abul Qasim, bitar littafin al-Urwa al-Waghti, wanda Mirza Ali Gharavi ya rubuta, Qom, bugu na farko, 1418 bayan hijira.
  • Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, Luggatat Nameh, Tehran, Tehran University Press, 1377.
  • Shahid Awwal, Muhammad bin Makki, Zikra al-Shia fi Hakam al-Sharia, Kum, Cibiyar Al-Baiti, bugun farko, 1377.
  • Tabatabaei Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthagha, Beirut, Al-Alami Publishing House, bugu na biyu, 1409H.
  • Meshkini Ardabili, Ali, Mustalahat Al-Fiqh, Qum, Darul-Hadith, 1392.
  • Muassaseh Dayiratul Almaref Fikh Islami, Farhang Fikh Farsi, 1387.
  • Mu’assasar Fiqhu ta Muslunci, Qum, Cibiyar Encyclopaedia ta Musulunci, 1387.
  • Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ahmed bin Muhammad, Majma Al-Fedat da Al-Bayan, Qom, Al-Nashar al-Islami Foundation, bugu na farko, 1403H.
  • Mughniyeh, Mohammad Javad, Fiqh Ali al-Mahabh al-Khumsa, Beirut, Dar al-Tiyar al-Jadid da Dar al-Jawad, bugu na 10, 1421H.
  • Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Javaher Al-Kalam, Beirut, Dar Ahya Al-Trath Al-Arabi, bugu na 7, 1362.
  • Najafi, Mohammad Hasan, Majma al-Rasal (Mohshi), Mashhad, Sahib al-Zaman Institute, bugun farko, 1415 AH.
  • Hamdani, Aghareza, Misbah al-Faqiyeh, Qum, Al-Jaafariyyah Foundation, Lahiya al-Trath, bugu na farko, 1416H.
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