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Daƙiƙa:Shara'i'ul Islam Fi Masa'ilil Halal Wal Haram (Littafi)

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Shara'i'ul Islam Fi Masa'ilil Halal Wal Haram
MarubuciMuhaƙƙiƙ Hilli (Ya rasu 676H
Maudu'iFiƙihu Fatawa
HarsheLarabci
Adadin Jildi4
Wurin da aka buga shiIsma'iliyan

Shara'i'ul Islam Fi Masa'ilil Halal Wal Haram, wanda aka fi sani da Shara'i'u, littafi ne na fiƙihun fatawa da Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli (Ya rasu a shekara ta 676H), fitaccen malamin fiƙihu na ƙarni na bakwai bayan Hijira, ya rubuta shi. Tun daga lokacin da aka wallafa shi, littafin ya kasance abin kulawar malamai, kuma yana daga cikin manyan littattafan koyarwa a makarantun hauzozin ilimi. Haka kuma, an rubuta sharhi da hashiya masu yawa a kansa.

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman siffofin Shara'i'u shi ne gabatar da mas'alolin fiƙihu cikin tsari mai ma'ana da kyau. A cikinsa, an kasa dukkan hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a zuwa manyan sassa huɗu: ibadoji, uƙud (Ƙulla yarjejeniya), iƙa'at (Ayyukan shari'a da ba sa buƙatar yarjejeniya), da hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a.

Daga cikin shahararrun sharhinsa akwai: Jawahirul Kalam, Masalikul Afham, da Madarikul Ahkam.

Marubucin Littafin Da Dalilin Wallafa Littafin

Babban labari: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli

Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli (602–676H) yana daga cikin manyan malaman fiƙihun Shi'a. Shi ne kawun Allama Hilli kuma malaminsa.[1] Allama Hilli ya bayyana shi a matsayin mafi girman malamin fiƙihu na zamaninsa.[2] Baya ga Allama Hilli, Ibn Dawud Hilli, Fakhrul Muhaƙƙiƙin (Ɗan Allama Hilli), da Ali Bin Yusuf Hilli (Ɗan'uwan Allama Hilli) suna daga cikin fitattun almajiransa.[3]

Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli ya rubuta littattafai a fannonin fiƙihu, usulul fiƙhi da ilimin kalam. Daga cikinsu akwai: Al-Mukhtasar al-Nafi' (A fiƙihu), Al-Mu'utabar fi Sharhi al-Mukhtasar (a fiƙihu), Nahj al-Wusul ila Ma'rifat 'Ilmi al-Usul (A usul al-fiƙihu), da Al-Maslak fi Usul al-Din (A ilimin kalam).[4]

Kamar yadda marubucin littafin ya bayyana, ya rubuta wannan littafi ne bisa shawarar ɗaya daga cikin almajiransa, wanda ya roƙe shi ya rubuta masa taƙaitaccen littafi da zai ƙunshi manyan hukunce-hukuncen fiƙihu.[5]

Matsayin Littafin

An ce kafin rubuta Shara'i'u, littafin Al-Nihaya na Shaik Ɗusi shi ne mafi muhimmancin littafin koyar da fiƙihu na tsawon kusan ƙarni biyu. Amma bayan rubuta Shara'i'u, littafin ya samu karɓuwa sosai, kuma a hankali ya maye gurbin Al-Nihaya a matsayin babban littafin koyarwa.[6]

Sahibul Jawahir, a gabatarwar littafinsa Jawahirul Kalam, wanda sharhi ne kan Shara'i'u, ya bayyana Shara'i'u a matsayin "Alƙur'ani game da hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a" da kuma "Furƙani a ilimomin fiƙihu" (wato ma'aunin rarrabe gaskiya da ƙarya). Ya yabawa cikarsa da ingancinsa, kuma ya ɗauke shi a matsayin abin koyi ga littattafan da aka rubuta bayansa.[7]

A cewar Agha Buzurg Tehrani, ta fuskar tsara batutuwan fiƙihu, Shara'i'u na daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafan fiƙihu.[8] Tun daga zamanin marubucinsa, littafin ya ci gaba da kasancewa abin kulawar malaman fiƙihun Shi'a, kuma ya kasance jigon tattaunawar ilimi da koyarwa.[9]

Siffofi

A cewar Mudarrisi Ɗabaɗaba'i, Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli ya gabatar da tsarin fiƙihun Shi'a mai haɗin kai da ma'ana, inda ya fitar da shi daga yanayin warwatsewar batutuwa.[10] A cikin Shara'i'u, a karon farko an tsara mas'alolin fiƙihu zuwa manyan sassa huɗu: ibadoji, mu'amaloli, ƙulla yarjejeniyoyi (uƙud), da hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a. Malaman fiƙihu da suka zo bayansa sun bi wannan tsari.[11] Sauran siffofin littafin sun haɗa da:

  • Bai kawo mas'alolin fiƙihu waɗanda ba su da amfani ko kuma amfaninsu ya yi ƙaranta ba.
  • Ya yi amfani da lafazi mai daidaito, taƙaitacce, ba tare da dogon bayani marar amfani ba, amma kuma mai sauƙin fahimta da bayyana ma'ana.
  • Littafin ya fi karkata ga fiƙihun fatawa, amma a wasu wurare yana kawo ra'ayoyin malaman da suka saɓa masa, sannan yana kafa hujja da ayoyin Alƙur'ani, hadisai da ijma'i.
  • Kalmomi irin su al-aula (Ra'ayin da ya fi cancanta), al-ansab (Ra'ayin da ya fi dacewa da hujjojin fiƙihu), da al-ashhar (ra'ayin da ya fi shahara), an fara amfani da su a wannan littafi wajen bayyana fatawar da aka fi amincewa da ita, kuma malaman fiƙihu da suka zo bayansa sun bi wannan salo.[12]

Tsarin Littafin

An tsara littafin Shara'i'u zuwa manyan sassa huɗu:

  1. Ibadoji: tsarki, sallah, zakka, khumusi, azumi, i'itikafi, hajji, umara, jihadi, umarni da kyakkyawa da hani daga mummuna.[13]
  2. Uƙud (Ƙulla Kwangiloli): kasuwanci, jingina (rahnu), iflas (Fatarar kuɗi), hajru ( Hana mutum yin mu'amala da dukiyarsa ), lamuni, Hiwala (canja bashi), kafala (Ɗaukar nauyi), sulhu, shirka (Haɗin gwiwa), mudaraba, muzara'a da musaƙa, wadi'a (Ajiya ), ariya (Aron amfani), haya, wakilci, waƙafi, hiba (Kyauta ), gasar doki da harbi, wasiyya da aure.[14]
  3. Iƙa'at (Ayyukan Shari'a da ba sa buƙatar yarjejeniya): saki, zihari, ila'i, li'an, ƴanta bawa, tadbir, mukataba, istila'i, ikirari, ju'ala, rantsuwa da bakance (alwashi).[15]
  4. Hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a: farauta da yanka, abinci da abin sha, ƙwace, shuf'a, raya matacciyar ƙasa, kayan da aka tsinta, gado (fara'id), alƙalanci, shaida, haddi da ta'azir, ƙisas da diyya.[16]

Littafin Shara'i'u ya fara da Kitab ɗahara (Littafin Tsarki), inda ya yi bayani kan nau'o'in tsarki guda uku alwala, wanka da taimama tare da bayyana lokutan da kowannensu yake wajibi ko mustahabbi.[17]

Marubucin ya bayyana cewa: Alwala wajibi ce ga sallah, ɗawafin wajibi da kuma taɓa rubutun Alƙur'ani. Banda waɗannan, alwala mustahabbi ce. Wanka wajibi ne a duk inda alwala take wajibi, sannan kuma domin shiga masallatai, karanta surorin Aza'im, ga mai janaba idan lokacin da ya rage kafin alfijir a watan Ramadan ya isa yin wanka kawai, da kuma ga mace mai isthada mai yawa domin azumi. Banda waɗannan, wanka mustahabbi ne. Taimama wajibi ne idan lokacin sallar wajibi bai isa yin alwala ko wanka ba, ko kuma ga wanda ya sami janaba a Masallacin Harami ko Masallacin Annabi yana son fita daga cikinsu. Banda waɗannan, taimama mustahabbi ce. Haka kuma, tsarki na iya zama wajibi saboda bakance ko makamancin haka.[18]

Littafin ya ƙare da Kitab al-Diyat (Littafin Diyya) da ƙarin batutuwansa. Mas'ala ta ƙarshe ta shafi sallahmin da ya harbi tsuntsu, sannan daga baya ya yi ridda, amma kibiyar ta bugi wani sallahmi. Shaik Ɗusi ya yi ra'ayin cewa diyya ba ta rataya a wuyan danginsa sallahmi ko na kafirai ba.[Tsokaci 1][19] Amma marubucin Shara'i'u ya ce idan aka ce diyya tana kan danginsa sallahmi, wannan ra'ayi ne mai kyau; domin bisa mafi ingancin ra'ayi, danginsa sallahmi ne suke gadonsa.[20]

Sharhi, Hashiyoyi Da Fassarorin Shara'i'u

Babban labari: Fihirisar Sharhohin Shara'i'ul Islam
Jawahirul Kalam talifin Muhammad Hassan Najafi, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun sharhohin Shara'i'ul Islam

Sharhi, hashiya da fassarorin Shara'i'ul Islam

An rubuta sharhi da hashiya masu yawa kan Shara'i'ul Islam.[21] Haka kuma, akwai taƙaitattun sigogi da fassarori na littafin.

Littafin Al-Nafi fi Mukhtasar al-Shara'i'i, wanda aka fi sani da Mukhtasar al-Shara'i'u, shi ne taƙaitaccen sigar Shara'i'u da Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli da kansa ya shirya.[22] Daga baya kuma ya rubuta sharhi a kansa mai suna Al-Mu'utabar fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar.[23]

Abu al-ƙasim Bin Ahmad Yazdi yana daga cikin masu fassara Shara'i'ul Islam. Muhammad Taƙi Danishpazhuh ne ya gyara wannan fassarar, sannan Jami'ar Tehran ta wallafa ta a cikin juzu'i huɗu.[24]

Daga cikin mashahuran sharhohin littafin akwai:

Haka kuma, Muhaƙƙiƙ Karaki, Sayyid Muhammad Mahadi Bahrul Ulum, Shahidus Sani da Jamalud-Din Khunsari suna daga cikin malaman fiƙihu da suka rubuta hashiya kan Shara'i'ul Islam.[26]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 47.
  2. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90; juzu'i na 4, shafi na 89.
  3. ↑ Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90; juzu'i na 4, shafuffuka na 91–92.
  4. ↑ Afandi, Riyad al-Ulama, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 105–106; Amin, A'yanush Shi'a, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90; juzu'i na 4, shafi na 92.
  5. ↑ .Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.
  6. ↑ Afrakhtah, Shara'i'ul Islam, shafi na 738.
  7. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, 1404H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.
  8. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 13, shafuffuka na 47–48.
  9. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 13, shafuffuka na 47–48; Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90.
  10. ↑ Modarresi Tabataba'i, Muƙaddimah-yi bar Fiƙh-yi Shi'ah, 1368Sh, shafi na 54.
  11. ↑ Modarresi Tabataba'i, Muƙaddimah-yi bar Fiƙh-yi Shi'ah, 1368Sh, shafi na 21.
  12. ↑ Afrakhtah, «Shara'i'ul Islam», shafuffuka na 737–738.
  13. ↑ Ku duba:Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 3–310.
  14. ↑ Ku duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 3–209.
  15. ↑ Ku duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i na 3, shafuffuka na 3–144.
  16. ↑ Ku duba: Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i na 3, shafuffuka na 154–224; juzu'i na 4, shafuffuka na 3–228.
  17. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1409H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 8; juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1056.
  18. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1409H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 8.
  19. ↑ Shaik Ɗusi, Al-Mabsut, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 183
  20. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1409H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1056.
  21. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani,Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 13, shafuffuka na 48–49; Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 90.
  22. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 49.
  23. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 58.
  24. ↑ Abu al-ƙasim bn Ahmad Yazdi, Tarjuma-yi Farsi-yi Shara'i'ul Islam, 1374Sh.
  25. ↑ Ansari ƙummi, «Kitabshinasi-yi Shuruḥ-yi Shara'i'ul Islam», shafi na 92.
  26. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, 1403H, juzu'i na 6, shafuffuka na 106–108.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ "Musulmai ba za su ɗauki alhakin diyya ba, domin kibiyar ta same shi ne a lokacin da yake mai ridda. Haka kuma kafirai ba za su ɗauki alhakin diyya ba, domin ya harba kibiyar ne a lokacin da yake musulmi. Saboda haka, diyya za ta kasance a kan dukiyarsa." Ma'ana: Saboda kibiyar ta bugi wanda aka kashe ne bayan wanda ya harba ta ya yi ridda, musulmai ba su da alhakin biyan diyya. Kuma tun da ya saki kibiyar ne kafin ya yi ridda, wato yana musulmi a lokacin, kafirai ma ba su da alhakin hakan. Don haka diyya za a biya ta daga dukiyar wanda ya haddasa kisan. Shaik Ɗusi, Al-Mabsuṭ, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 183.

Nassoshi

  • Afandi, Abdullah, Riyad al-Ulama wa Hiyad al-Fudala, bincike da gyara na Ahmad Husaini Ashkuri, Beirut, Cibiyar al-Tarikh al-Arabi, 1431H/2010M.
  • Afrakhtah, Muhammad Husayn, «Shara'i'ul Islam», a cikin Da'irat al-Ma'arif Jahan-e Islam, Tehran, Gidauniyar Da'irat al-Ma'arif Islami, bugu na farko, 1398Sh.
  • Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Muhammad Muhsin, Az-Zari'a ila Tasanifish Shi'ah, Beirut, Dar al-Adwa', bugu na biyu, 1403H.
  • Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, A'ayanush Shi'a, Beirut, Dar al-Ta'aruf, 1403H.
  • Ansari Ƙummi, Nasir al-Din, «Kitabshinasi-yi Shuruh-yi Shara'i'ul Islam», Mirath Shihab, lamba ta 68 da 69, 1391Sh.
  • Dirayati, Mustafa, Fihristwarah-yi Dastnawistha-yi Iran, Tehran, Laburare, Gidan Tarihi da Cibiyar Takardun Majalisar Dokokin Musulunci ta Iran, 1389Sh.
  • Modarresi Tabataba'i, Sayyid Husayn, Muƙaddimah-yi bar Fiƙh-yi Shi'ah (Kulliyat wa Kitabshinasi), Mashhad, Gidauniyar Nazari da bincike ta Musulunci 1368Sh.
  • Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Ja'far bn Hassan, Shara'i'ul Islam fi Masa'il al-Ḥalal wal Haram, bincike da gyaran Abd al-Husain Muhammad Ali Baƙƙal, Qum, Isma'iliyan, bugu na biyu, 1408H.
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