Alu Buye

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Al-Buwaihiyun)
Ana wallafa ƙasidun wikishia kan tsarin alƙarsu da makarantar Ahlul-baiti. Domin tsinkaye kan sauran sasannin maudu'i ku duba sauran madogarai
Masarautar Alu Buye

Alu buye ko bu'iyan (Larabci: البُوَيهيون أو بنو بُوَيْه أو آل بُوَيْه) wata salsala ce ta masarautar ƴan shi'a waɗanda suka yi mulki a ƙasar Iran da Iraƙi daga shekara 322-448 hijiri. Jagaba wanda ya assasa salsalar babban wannan masarauta shi ne Ali ɗan buye (Wafati: 338.hijiri) tare da goyan bayan ƴan'uwansa Ahmad da Hassan. Wannan salsalar dangi ana kiransu da sunan mahaifinsu (buye) wanda ya kafa wannan masarauta. A lokacin mulkin masarautar buye ana yin zaman makokin shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S) a ranar ashura, bikini idin wilaya Sayyidina Ali (A.S) da bikin idul ghadir a hukumance a faɗin dukkanin masarautar. Haka nan a lokacin mulkinsu ya kasance ana kiransa tare da kalmar hayyu ala khairil amal, sannan amfani da turbar sujjada da carbin turba ya yaɗu sosai a wancan lokacin, sarakunan masarautar buye suma ba a bar su a baya ba cikin sabunta gine-ginen ƙaburburan imaman shi'a da suke ƙasar Iraƙi da kuma himmatuwa kan ziyartar su.

Ba'arin masu dandaƙe nazari da bincike tare da jingina da madogaran tarihi da kuma kawo shaidu sun tafi kan cewa wannan gidan sarauta na buye sun kasance ƴan shi'a. amma duk da haka akwai saɓani ra'ayoyi game da kasancewar su ƴan shi'a imamiyya ko kuma dai ƴan zaidiyya ne da suka canja suka koma shi'a imamiyya, rukunud ad-daula (Mulki: 323-338,h.ƙ), Mu'izzud ad-daula (Mulki:325-356.h.ƙ) da Azadud Ad-daula (338-372,h.ƙ) sun kasance shahararrun sarakunan wannan masarauta. An yi rubuce daban-daban game da masarautar alu buwaih, littafin Tajarabul Al-umam na Ibn Maskawaihi (Wanda aka wallafa a ƙarni na biyar h. ƙ) yana daga cikin madogarai muhimmai game da salsalar tarihin masarautar buye.

Matsayi Da Muhimmanci

Alu buye wata masarauta ce ta shi'a wace ta yi mulkin kan yankuna a Iran da Iraƙi fiye da tsawon shekaru 120.[1] lokacin mulkinsu ya kasance karo na farko a tarihi aka fara yin zaman makokin shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S) da shirya taron bikin idin ghadir a hukumance a faɗin yankunan da daular take mulki. Ana lissafa daurar mulkinsu cikin daura mafi bunƙasar wayewar muslunci.[2] Daular Alu buye wace aka kafa ta hannun Ali ɗan gidan Abu Shuja buye tare da goyan baya da taimakon ƴan'uwansa Ahmad da Hassan, da wannan ne ake kiransu da sunan Alu buye ko kuma bu'iyan. Haka nan kuma ana kiransu da diyalama[3] ko dailamiyan.[4]

Mazhaba

Sadiƙ Sajjadi marubucin ƙasidar Alu buye cikin Dayiratul Al-ma'arif Buzrge Islami ya ce: haƙiƙa ƙarara ba za mu iya fitar ra'ayinmu ba dangane da haƙiƙanin mazhabar alu buye ba.[5] amma tare da Rasul Jafariyan[6] mai nazari kan tarihin shi'a (Haihuwa:1343,h. shamsi) tare da ba'arin marubuta[7] bisa jingina da madogaran tarihi da kuma gabatar da shaidu sun tabbatar da cewa alu buye sun kasance kan mazhabar shi'a isna ashari. Raya al'adun shi'a, naɗa ministocin ƴan shi'a, sarakuna masu sunaye na shi'a da dangantaka da alaƙar wannan daula da malaman shi'a suna daga cikin shaidu da suke tabbatar da kasancewar wannan masarauta kan mazhabar shi'a isna ashari.[8] haka nan Ibn Kasir damashƙi marubucin tarihi kuma ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na takwas hijira ƙamari, ya tabbatar da cewa alu buye sun kasance ƴan shi'a kuma rafilawa.[9] Abdul-jalil ƙazwini malamin shi'a a ƙarni na shida hijira ƙamari cikin littafin "Naƙzu" shi ma ya kira su da ƴan shi'a imamiyya.[10]

Ba'arin marubuta tare da kallo da kuma la'akari da kasantuwar mazhabar zaidiyya ta taɓa samun karɓuwa a garin ɗabristan suka bijiro da tsammanin kasancewar alu buye ƴan zaidiyya a baya.[11] waɗannan marubutu suna ganin cewa a farko sun kasance mabiya mazhabar zaidiyya daga baya kuma suka canja sheka zuwa mazhabar shi'a imamiyya,[12] [Tsokaci 1] haka nan kuma Rasul Jafariyan ya naƙalto wata magana daga littafin Tarikh Rayyi na Muntajabul Ad-dini razi malamin shi'a a ƙarni shida, kan asasin wannan magana marubucin ya naƙalto daga Ibn Shahre Ashub cewa Alu buye sun canja sun zama ƴan shi'a imamiyya ne ta hannun Tajul Ru'asa Ibn Abi Su'uda malamin shi'a.[13] Jafariyan ya tafi kan tsammanin cewa alu buye sun canja sheka daga ƴan shi'a zaidiyya zuwa shi'a imamiyya, idan an ƙaddara sarakunan alu buye ƴan zaidiyya ya zama wajibi su miƙa mulki zuwa ga alawiyyawa sai dai cewa sakamakon kasancewar su ƴan shi'a imamiyya ne ya sanya su c jan ragamar sarautar.[14]

Ilya Paɓloɓich Petroshevsky (Haihuwa:1898,miladi) malamin jami'a a ƙasar rasha ya yi amanna da cewa lallai tabbas waɗanda suka kafa daular alu buye ƴan shi'a sai dai cewa danginsu da suka daga baya duk da cewa a baɗininsu ƴan shi'a ne amma zahiri a hukumance sun rayu kan mazhabar ahlus-sunna.[15] marubucin ƙasidar “alu buye wa naƙshe anan dar barpaye marasim wa mawasim shi'eh imamiyye dar Iraƙ) yana ganin wannan magana ta malamin jami'ar rasha a matsayin kuskuren fahimta, ya kawo tsammanin cewa me yiwuwa karɓo halifancin da suka daga hannun Abbasiyawa shi ne dalili da ya haifar da wannan zamewa da kuskure.[16] haka nan Bertold Speuler (Rayuwa: 1911-1990) masanin gabashi ɗan ƙasar jamus a cikin littafin “Tarikh Iran Dar ƙurun Nakwastin Islami” ya tafi kan cewa Alu buye tun farko sun kasance ne ƴan shi'a isna ashari har zuwa ƙashen mulkinsu ba su canja daga haka.[17]

Raya Alamomi Da Al-adun Shi'anci

Alu buye sun bada gudummawa mai girmawa cikin yaɗuwar shi'anci, waɗannan gudummawowi sun kasance kamar haka:

  • Shirya tarurrukan zaman makoki a ranar ashura: ƙarƙashin umarnin Mu'izzud Ad-daula dailami, a ranar ashura shekara ta 352 an shelanta hutu a dukkanin yankunan wannan masarauta, kuma an nemi mutanen su sanya baƙaƙen kaya domin nuna baƙin cikinsu, a rahotan Ibn Khaldun a wannan rana mata suna fitowa daga gidajensu cikin yanayin juyayi da baƙin fuskokin baƙin ƙirin suna kuka suna marin fuskokinsu duka don nuna juyayin shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S).[18] haka nan bisa rahotan Ibn Jauzi (Wafati:597.h.ƙ) ahlus-sunna malamin tarihi yana cewa a wannan rana ana dagatar da ayyuka sannan kasuwanni suna ɗaga baƙaƙen kyalle da shirya tarurrukan zaman makokin Imam Husaini (A.S).[19] Kamil Shaibi shi ma ya tafi kan cewa, an fara ta'aziyya cikin gurguzun taron jama'a daga shekara ta 352.h.ƙ.[20]
  • Shirya bikini idul ghadir: ƙarƙashin umarnin Mu'izzud Ad-daula dailami, a shekara 351, h, ƙ, aka fara shirya taron bikin idul ghadir a garin bagdad.[21] sarakunan da suka zo daga baya suma sai suka ɗora suka ci gaba da raya wannan biki.[22]
  • Yaɗuwar al'adar ziyartar ƙaburburan imaman shi'a: alu buye sun ɗauki wasu matakai daga sabunta ƙaburburan imaman shi'a da aka binne a ƙasar Iraƙi, sun gina ƙubbob kan saman ƙaburburansu da sauran gine-gine.[23] kyautar bakance da keɓantar da waƙafi zuwa ga ƙaburburan imamai, samar da duk wani abu da zai sauƙaƙawa masu ziyara da kuma kwaɗaitar da mutane kan maƙotaka da haramin imamai, bayar da taimako akai akai ga mutanen sa suke zaune kusa da haraman imamai.[24]
  • Yaɗa al'adar amfani da turba da turbar ƙabarin Imam Husaini (A.S) a lokacin mulkin daular alu buye, mutanen sun kasance suna ƙera carbi daga ƙasar ƙabarin Imam Husaini (A.S) suna rabawa mutane.[26]

Ba'arin marubuta sun labartar samuwar wasu nau'ukan sulalla da aka buga su zamanin mulkin daular alu buye, kan waɗannan sulalla an sassaka jumlar "Ali Waliyullahi"[27]

Shahararrun Sarakunan Alu Buye

Ba'ari daga shahararrun sarakunan alu buye su ne:

  • Ali ɗan buye wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Imadud Ad-daula dailami ɗan Abu Shuja dailami wanda ya kafa daular alu buye a ƙasar farisa (Iran).
  • Hassan ɗan buye wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Runul Ad-daula ɗan gidan Abu Shuja dailami hakimin yankunan jibal, ya faɗaɗa masarautar alu buye cikin shigo da garuruwa da yankuna rayyu, jibal, ɗabristan da gurgan.
  • Ahmad ɗan buye wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Mu'izzid Ad-dini dailami ɗan'uwan Ali da Hassan ɗan buye wanda a shekarar 334, h, ƙ, ya ci garin bagdad da yaƙi ya kwace iko kan garin. Shi ne wanda ya fara bada umarnin shirya zaman makoki da juyayi a ranar ashura,[28] da bikin idul ghadir cikin garin bagdad.[29]

Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Samuwar Daular Alu Buye

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Samfurin Sulalla A Zamanin Daular Alu Buye

A farko-farkon ƙarni na huɗu hijira ƙamari an samu ɓullar mabambantan motsin bore kan daular abbasiyawa.[36] Makan ɗan Kaki, Asfarin Shirawihi da Mardawij Ziyari, kowannensu ya jagoranci rundunar mayaƙa masu bore kan abbasiyawa. Ali da Hassan ƴaƴan Abu Shuja sun haɗe da Makan kwamandan Samaniyawa. A shekarar 321, h, ƙ. Mardawij Ziyari ya samu nasarar kwace ikon garuruwan Jurjan da ɗabristan, Ali da Hassan bayan shawo kan Makan sun haɗe da rundunar Mardawij, ya naɗa Ali kan hukumar garin Karaj.[37] sai Ali ya tafi Karaj bayan Ali ya yi nasarar kame katangar Karaj da kutsawa cikin garin sai hakan ya fara sanya tsoro cikin zuciyar Mardawij, da farko ya yi niyyar kwace iko kan garin Isfahan sai dai kuma sojojin ɗan'uwan Mardawij sun kunya ta shi, bayan wani lokaci sai ya samu nasarar kwace ikon kan garurun Arrajan da Nubadjan, haka nan ɗan'uwansa Hassan bisa umarninsa ya kwato garin Kazun.[38] a shekarar 322 ƙamari ya karɓe ikon kan garin shiraz sannan ya kafa daula alu buye a garin.[39] tare da haka a cewar Sadiƙ Sajjadi ba'arin malaman tarihi suna ganin kwace iko kan garin Arrajan da ya kasance a shekarar (321, ƙ/932 m) shi ne farawar assasa daular alu buye.[40] tsawon shekaru 12 da bayan nan, Hassan da Ahmad bayan sun kwace Rayyu da Kerman da Iraƙi sun karkasa daular Alu buye zuwa manya rassan rukunai guda uku da kuma ƙarami guda ɗaya a garin Kerman da Amman.[41]

A cewar Ali Asgar faƙihi ɗan shi'a mai nazari kan tarihi (Wafati:1382.h.shamsi), haƙiƙa littafin Tajarubul Al-umam yana daga cikin madogarai na asali a fagen tarihin alu buye.[42] Ibn Maskawaihi (Rayuwa:320-420) ya yi zamani ɗaya da daular alu buye.[43]

Faɗaɗa Muɗala'a

An yi rubuce daban-daban game da alu buye, ba'arin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce su ne kamar haka:

  • Kitab Tarikh Alu Buye, na Ali Asgar Faƙihi (Rayuwa:1296-1382.h.shamsi): wannan littafi tarihi ne na alu zayar da alu buye da yanayin zamaninsu, a shekarar 1378 an sanya wannan littafi cikin tsarin litattafan da ake bada darasi da su a jami'ar Tehran cikin fannin tarihi a karatun matakin digiri na ɗaya a ƙasar Iran.[44]
  • Ihya Farhangi Dar Ahade Alu Buye Insangirayi Dar Asre Ransas islami, na Juyel . L Karamez: wannan littafi ya ƙunshi bahasi kan bunƙasar tunani da al'adun cibiyoyin hukumar alu buye musammam a bagdad. An tarjama wannan littafi zuwa harshen farisanci.[45]
  • Hayat Ilmi Dar Ahade Alu Buye, na Gulam Rida Fadayi malami a jami'ar Tehran (Haihuwa:1324.h.shamsi): wannan littafi wani ɓangare ne littafin daga silsilar tarihin rayuwar ilimi a zamanin daulolin shi'a wanda ya tattaro sunayen masana da malamai a lokacin daular alu buye..[46]
  • Altaji Fi Akhbar Ad-daula Ad-dailamiyya, na Ibrahim ɗan Hilal Sabi (Wafati:348.h.ƙ) ya kasance daga marubutan alu buye, wannan littafi ya ƙunshi silsilar tarihin hukumar Azudud Ad-daula. An rubuta wannan littafi bisa umarni sarki Azudud Ad-daula domin yabo da girmamawa ga Dailamawa da Daularsu, Ibn Maskawaihi a cikin littafinsa Tajarubul Al-umam ya yi amfani da wannan littafi. Akwai kwafin wani ɓangare daga wannan littafi da aka ajiye cikin ɗakin nazari na taukiliye da yake cikin masjidu a'azam a birnin san'a na ƙasar yaman, Muhammad Husaini Zubaidi ya fitar da wannan littafi ɗauke da sunan Al-muntaza'u Min Kitabil Altaji an buga shi a bagdad shekarar 1977 miladi.[akwai buƙatar kawo madogara]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sajjadi, "Al Boyeh", juzu'i na 1, shafi na 629.
  2. ↑ Ghalizawara, " Barasi Dawlat Al Buyeh dar gustarashe atshayyu wa imran atbat Irak," shafi na 122.
  3. ↑ "Najah Knaid Beh Mustafi", Nahhat al-Qulub, shafi na 98, 99 da 174.
  4. ↑ Ghalizawara, " Barasi Dawlat Al Buyeh dar gustarashe atshayyu wa imran atbat Irak," shafi na 122
  5. ↑ Sajjadi, “Al Buwayh”, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 640.
  6. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 1387H, shafi na 375.
  7. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 1387H, shafi 376; Jafarniya, Siyasathaye hukumat alu buye dar jihhat tahkim wahadat miyane shi'eh wa ahlus-sunnat, shafi na 24
  8. ↑ Jafarniya, Siyasathaye hukumat alu buye dar jihhat tahkim wahadat miyane shi'eh wa ahlus-sunnat, shafi na 24
  9. ↑ Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 307.
  10. ↑ Qazwini, Naqd, Anjman Athar Milli, shafi na 42.
  11. ↑ Jafarniya, Siyasathaye hukumat alu buye dar jihhat tahkim wahadat miyane shi'eh wa ahlus-sunnat, shafi na 24
  12. ↑ Shibi, Sila Baina Tasawwuf wa Tashayyu, 1982, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 39.
  13. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2007, shafi na 380.
  14. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2007, shafi na 378.
  15. ↑ Petroshevsky, Islam dar Iran, 267, wanda Pourahmadi ya nakalto, "Al Boyeh wa Nakshe anan barpaye marasim wa mawasim Shi'eh Imamiya" dar Irak, shafi na 112.
  16. ↑ Petroshevsky, Islam dar Iran, 267, wanda Pourahmadi ya nakalto, "Al Boyeh wa Nakshe anan barpaye marasim wa mawasim Shi'eh Imamiya" dar Irak, shafi na 112
  17. ↑ Ashpoler, Tarikh Iran dar Karne nakwastin, shafi na 363, wanda Jafarian ya ruwaito, Tarikh Iran Tashayyu dar Iran, 2007, shafi na 375.
  18. ↑ Ibn Khaldoun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldoun, 1391, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 425.
  19. ↑ Ibn Jozi, al-Muntazem, 1358 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 15.
  20. ↑ Shibi, Sila baina Tashayyu wa tasawwuf, 1982, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 39.
  21. ↑ Duba Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1391H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 425-420.
  22. ↑ Duba Ibn Jozi, al-Muntazem, 1358, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 163.
  23. ↑ Dhahabi, Al-Ibar Min Khabar Man Ghabar, 1405 AH, shafi na 232.
  24. ↑ Khatib Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, 1407 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi 424.
  25. ↑ Ibn Jozi, al-Muntazem, 1358, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 164; Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1391 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 460.
  26. ↑ Thaalabi, Yatima al-Dahr, 1352 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 183.
  27. ↑ Duba Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2007, shafi na 380.
  28. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408H, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 527.
  29. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamel, 2005, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 549.
  30. ↑ Ibn Maskawayh,Tajarubul Al-umam, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 477 da 478.
  31. ↑ Farshad, Tarikh Ulum dar Iran, 1366, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 790.
  32. ↑ Farshad, Tarikh Ulum dar Iran, 1366, juzu'i na 2, shafi 849-851.
  33. ↑ Al-Yasin, Tarikh al-Mashhad al-Kazemi, 1435H, shafi na 24.
  34. ↑ Mahalati, Ma'ather Al-Kubra , 1384, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 321.
  35. ↑ Samhoudi, Wafa'ul alwafa, 2006, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 269-270.
  36. ↑ Sajjadi, "Al Boyeh", juzu'i na 1, shafi na 629.
  37. ↑ Ibn Athir, al-Kamel, 1399 Hijira, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 267.
  38. ↑ Moghrizi, Al-Suyluk, 1418 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 131.
  39. ↑ Ibn Taghri, Al-Nujum al-Zaherah, 1392 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 244-245.
  40. ↑ Sajjadi, "Al Boyeh", juzu'i na 1, shafi na 629.
  41. ↑ Sajjadi, "Al Boyeh", juzu'i na 1, shafi na 629.
  42. ↑ Faqihi, Tarikh al-Buyeh, 1378, shafi na 17.
  43. ↑ Faqihi, Tarikh al-Buyeh, 1378, shafi na 17.
  44. ↑ Faqihi, Tarikh al-Buyeh, 1378, shafi na 4.
  45. ↑ «احیای فرهنگی در عهد آل‌بویه: انسان‌گرایی در عصر رنسانس اسلامی»، شبکه جامع کتاب گیسوم.
  46. ↑ «حیات علمی در عهد آل‌بویه»، شبکه جامع کتاب گیسوم.

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  • «احیای فرهنگی در عهد آل‌بویه: انسان‌گرایی در عصر رنسانس اسلامی»، شبکه جامع کتاب گیسوم، مشاهده ۱۲ مهر ۱۴۰۱ش.
  • پوراحمدی، حسین، «آل بویه و نقش آنان در برپایی مراسم و مواسم شیعه امامیه در عراق»، فصلنامه شیعه‌شناسی، شماره ۳ و ۴، ۱۳۸۲ش.


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