Tashahhud

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Risala Ilmiyya

Tashahhud(Larabci:التشهد) daya daga cikin wajiban Sallah wanda ake karanta shi cikin karshen Raka’ ta biyu da kuma raka’ar karshe ta sallah bayan kawo sujjada biyu a hade, Tashahhud yana tattare da dayanta Allah da ikirari da Annabtar Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) da kuma gaisuwa ga Annabi da mutanen gidansa, Tashahhud ya kasance kamar yanda zai zo a kasa:

اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لا اِلهَ اِلاَّ اللّهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَریکَ لَهُ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ، اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ الِ مُحَمَّدٍ

Tashahhud yana daga juzu’an Sallah wanda bana rukuni ba, da wannan dalili ne duk da cewa wajibi ne karanta shi amma idan aka manta ba a karanta shi ba sallah bata baci.

Zikiri

Halin daidatuwar jiki yayin zaman tashahhud

Tashahhud yana daga Juza’ai na Wajibi a Sallah [1] wanda ya kasance cikin furta Shahada guda biyu, shaidawa babu abin bautawa sai Allah da kuma shaidawa da Annabtar Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) da salati ga Annabi (S.A.W) cikin karshen raka’a ta biyu bayan sujjada biyu, da kuma raka’ar karshe bayan sujjada biyu kafin sallama. [2] Kamar dai yanda Ali Mishkini daga Malaman Fikihu yake cewa, zikirin Tashahhud kan asasin ra’ayin Mashhur din Malaman Fikihun Shi’a, ya kasance kamar haka:

«اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لااِلهَ اِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَریکَ لَهُ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ، اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ؛

Ina Shaidawa babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah shi kadai ba shi da Abokin tarayya, kuma ina shaidawa lallai Muhammad Bawansa ne kuma Manzonsa ne, ya Allah ka yi salati ga Muhammad da iyalan Muhammad. [3] amma tare da wannan akwai wani mikdari na wajibi daga zikirin Tashahhud wanda ya zo cikin rubuce-rubucen fikihu na Manya-manya Malaman fikihun Shi’a misalin Allama Hilli da Muhakkik Karaki shi wannan ya fi gajerta da wanda ya gabata, wannan zikrin tashahhud ya kasance kamar haka:

«أشهد أن لا إله إلّا الله و أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله اللهم صل على محمد و آل محمد»

[4]

Kan wannan asasi ne Allama Hilli cikin littafin An-Nihaya ya yi kokwanto kan wajabcin gabar (shi kadai bashi da abokin tarayya) [5]

Hukunce-hukunce

Ba’arin hukunce-hukuncen Zikirin Tashahhud sun kasance kamar haka:

  • yayin karanta zikirin tashahhdu wajibi ne kiyaye Muwalati (biyantawa) karanta daya bayan daya ba tareda jinkiri ba, Tartibi (jerantawa), Dumanina (Nustuwa) da kuma karanta kalmomi daidai yanda suke a larabci. [6]
  • Mustahabbi ne lokacin karanta zikirin Tashahhud a dora hannun kan kafafu tare da hade yastu tare da junansu da kallon gaban mai Sallah. [7]
  • Mustahabbi yin Tawarruki [8] (dora kafar hagu karkashin kwaurin kafar dama sannan shi Mai Sallah ya zauna kan cinyarsa ta bangaren hagu. [9]
  • Yayin zikirin Tashahhud mustahabbi a fara da karanta zikirai kamar misalin:
اَلْحَمدُلله یا بِسْمِ اللهِ و بِاللهِ وَ الْحَمدُ لِلهِ وَ خَیرُ الأسماءِ لِله

[10]

Kafin fara zikirin Tashahhud da kuma karanta

وَ تَقَبَّلْ شَفاعَتَهُ وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَه

Bayan gama karanto tashahhud. [11]

Hukuncin Manta Karanta Tashahhud

Maraji’an Taklidi sun yi fatawa cewa idan Mai Sallah ya manta karanta tashahhud to idan ya tuna kafin shiga ruku’un raka’ar gaba, wajibi take ya zauna ya karanta tashahhud sannan ya tashi ya cigaba da sallah [12] kan asasin fatawar Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulfaigani, Sayyid Abu Kasim Kuyi, Mirza Jawad Tabrizi da Lutfullahi Safi Gulfaigani, a irin wannan hali dole Mai sallah bayan idar da Sallah ya yi Sujud Sahawi (Sujjadar rafkana) guda biyu, [13] idan Mai Sallah ya tuna bai yi tashahhud ba a raka’ar da ta gabata alhalin yana halin ruku’u ko kuma bayan dagowa daga ruku’u, bayan idar da sallah wajibi ne ya rama tashahhud, haka kuma bisa ihtiyadi wujubi dole ya yi Sujud Sahawi guda biyu. [14]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Allameh Hهمli, Nahayyat al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 499.
  2. ↑ Mashkini, Mustalahat Al-Fiqh, 1419 AH, shafi na 145-146.
  3. ↑ Mashkini, Mustalahat Al-Fiqh, 1419 AH, shafi na 145-146
  4. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nahayat al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 499; Mohaghegh Karki, Jame Al-Maqassed, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 318.
  5. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Nahayyat al-Ahkam, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 499.
  6. ↑ Meshkini, Mustalahat Al-Fiqh, 1419H, shafi na 146.
  7. ↑ Shahid Awwal, Al-Durus, 1417 Hijira, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 182
  8. ↑ Shahid Awwal, Al-Durus, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 182; Moghaq al-Karki, Rasail al-Mohaqq al-Karki, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 112.
  9. ↑ Moghaq al-Karki, Rasail al-Mohaqq al-Karki, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 112.
  10. ↑ Shahid Awwal, Al-Durus, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 182.
  11. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tauzihul al-Masa'il, 1424H, shafi na 239, fitowa ta 1061.
  12. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tauzihul al-Masa'il (Mohashi), 1424 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 597, Mas'ala ta 1102.
  13. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tauzihul al-Masa'il (Mohashi), 1424 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 597, Mas'ala ta 1102.
  14. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tauzihul al-Masa'il (Mohashi), 1424 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 597, Mas'ala ta 1102.

Nassoshi

  • Imam Khumaini, Sayyid Ruhollah, Tauzihul al-Masa'il (Mohashi), wanda Sayyid Mohammad Hossein Bani Hashemi Khomeini, Qum, ofishin yada labarai na Musulunci da ke da alaka da kungiyar Madarasin ta Kum Seminary, 1424 H.
  • Shahid Awwal, Muhammad bin Makki, al-Doross al-Sharia fi fiqhu al-Imamiyyah, Qum, Islamic Publications office mai alaka da kungiyar malamai ta Kum, 1417H.
  • Allameh Hilli, Hasan bin Yusuf, Nahayah Al-Ahkam Fi Mafarah Al-Ahkam, Qom, Mu’assasa Al-Baiti, 1419 Hijira.
  • Mohaghiq Karki, Ali bin Hossein, Jame al-Maqasad fi Sharh al-Qasas, Qom, Al-Al-Bayt Institute, 1414 AH.
  • Meshkini, Mirza Ali,Mustalahat Al-Fiqih wa Muzamu Anawinhi Almaudu'iyya, Qum, Al-Hadi, 1419 AH/1377H.
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