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Daƙiƙa:Tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci Ta Iran

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Wannan maƙala tana bayani ne game da tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran. Domin ƙarin bayani game da juyin juya halin al'ummar Iran na shekarar 1357 Shamsiyya (1979 Miladiyya), duba maƙalar Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci Na Iran.
Jadawalin tarihin hukumomin Iran bayan zuwan Musulunci.
hukumomin Iran bayan zuwan Musulunci
Sunan hukuma Wanda ya kafa ta 'Lokacin mulki
Khulafa'ur Rashidin Abubakar 16 - 40
Banu Umayya Mu'awiya 41 - 130
Bau Abbas Saffahu 131 - 205
Ɗahiriyawa Ɗahir Zul Yaminaini 205 - 259
Saffariyawa Yaƙub Laisi 247 - 287H
Alawiyyawan Ɗabristan Babban Mai Da'awa 250 - 316 H
Samaniyawa Nasar na farko 261 - 389 H
Ziyarawa Mardawij ɗan Ziyar 315 - HijiraH
Alu Buye Imadudud Daula 320 - HijiraH
Gaznawiyyawa Sultan Mahmud 388 - 555 H
Saljuƙiyawa Tugril Bek 429 - 590
Khawarazmashahiyawa Anushtegin Gharchai 470 - 617 H
Ilkhanawa Holako Khan 654 - 736 H
Taimuriyawa Taimur Gurkani 771 - 903H
Safawiyyawa Shah Isma'il Na Farko 907 H - 1133 H
Afganawa Mahmud Afgan 1133 - 1142
Afshar Nadir Shah 1148 - 1161H
Zande Karim Khan Zande 1163 - 1209 H
Ƙajar آAgha Muhammad Khan 1209 - 1345 H
Pahlawi Rida Shah 1345 H (1304 Shamsi)- 1357 Shamsi
Jamhuriyar Musulunci Imam Khomaini 1357 Shamsi|- ...
Tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci Ta Iran
Wanda ya assasaImam Khomaini
Shekarar da aka assasa3 ga Jumada al-Ula, 1358 Shamsiyya (wanda ya yi daidai da 23 ga Mayu, 1979 Miladiyya).
Faɗaɗuwa ta ƙasaIran
MazhabaShi'a Isna Ashari
Abubuwan da ta keɓantu da suDimokraɗiyyar Addini
Nau'in gwamnatiJamhuriyar Musulunci
Muhimman matakaiKawo ƙarshen tsarin mulkin Shah da masarautar Shah Pahlawi Na Farko
Muhimman AbubuwaKafa Jam'iyyar Jamhuriyar Musulunci, kafa Majalisar Ƙwararru Ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki, kafa Majalisar Dokoki Ta Musulunci, Yaƙin Iraƙ da Iran, Fashewar Bom A Ofishin Jam'iyyar Musulunci, Kisan Gillar Ayatullahi Khamna'i
Manyan biraneTehran
Yaƙe-yaƙeYaƙin Iraƙ da Iran, Yaƙin Iran Da Isra'ila, Yaƙin haɗin gwiwar Amurka da Isra'ila kan Iran (February 2026)
BayanPahlawi Na Farko
Shahararrun ShugabanniImam Khomaini, Sayyid Ali Khamna'i, Hashimi Rafsanjani, Baheshti, Sayyid Mahmud Ɗaliƙani da Sayyid Mujtaba Khamna'i


Tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ita ce tsarin mulkin Iran wanda ya zo bayan Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci (1979miladiyya), inda aka maye gurbin tsarin sarautar Pahlawi ta hanyar ƙuri'ar raba gardama.

Wanda ya kafa wannan tsarin shi ne Imam Khomaini, wanda shi ne ya jagoranci juyin juya halin Musulunci.

Bisa ga kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci (Wanda aka amince da shi a 1979 miladiyya), mazhabar Shi'a ita ce mazhabar hukuma ta ƙasar, kuma jagorancin ƙasar yana hannun wani malamin fikihu, wanda wakilan Majalisar Ƙwararru ta jagoranci suke zaɓa.

Sakon Ayatullah Khuyi bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, inda ya yaba da ƴancin mutane na zaɓar makomarsu da kuma shiga cikin kafa gwamnatin Musulunci

Gudanar Da Ƙuri'ar Raba Gardama

Tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci shi ne tsarin da yake mulki a ƙasar Iran bayan Juyin Juya Halin 1979 miladiyya. Wannan tsarin siyasa ya sami sahihanci ne ta hanyar zaɓen raba gardama (Referendum) da aka gudanar a ranakun 31 Maris da 1 ga Afrilu, 1979 miladiyya, inda 98.2% na dukkan mutanen da suka cancanci kaɗa kuri'a suka shiga zaɓen. Daga cikin waɗannan, fiye da 97% sun kaɗa kuri'arsu ne a goyon bayan Jamhuriyar Musulunci.

A wannan zaɓe, daga cikin jimillar 20,438,422 ƙuri'u da aka kaɗa, 20,054,834 sun kasance na goyon baya, yayin da 367,604 kuma suka kasance na adawa.

Bayan kammala zaɓen, Imam Khomaini ya fitar da wani saƙo inda ya kira ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 1979 a matsayin "Ranar Gwamnatin Allah", sannan a hukumance ya ayyana kafuwar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.[1]

Matsayin Musulunci Da Shi'a A Cikin Tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci

Kundin tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci an tsara shi ne bisa koyarwar mazhabar Shi'a da kuma ikon addinin Musulunci a harkokin mulki. Kasancewar gwamnati ta Musulunci kuma ta jamhuriya, da kuma zaɓen malamin fiƙihu (Mujtahdi) a matsayin jagoran al'umma, na daga cikin manyan ƙa'idojin kundin tsarin mulkin Iran.

Kafa adalci, kare ƴancin kai, da ƙarfafa haɗin kan ƙasa na daga cikin manyan manufofin tsarin.

Addinin hukuma na Jamhuriyar Musulunci shi ne Shi'a Imamiya Isna Ashari (Shi'a masu Imamai goma sha biyu).[2] Duk da haka, mabiya sauran mazhabobin Musulunci da kuma addinan sama (Addinan Allah), ciki har da Zartosh (Zoroastrians), Yahudawa, da Kiristoci, waɗanda aka san su a matsayin Ahlul‑Kitabi, suna da 'yancin:

gudanar da ibadunsu na addini cikin iyakar doka, aiwatar da dokokin auratayya da al'amuran rayuwa bisa addininsu, koyar da ilimin addininsu, kafa ƙungiyoyin addini, al'adu, zamantakewa da jin‑ƙai, samun wakilci a Majalisar dokoki, da kuma cin gajiyar ƴancin zamantakewa da sauran hakkoki.[3]

Haka kuma, ƙananan addinai da ba Ahlul‑Kitabi ba, matuƙar ba sa yin makirci ko aiki a kan Musulunci da Jamhuriyar Musulunci, suna samun wasu haƙƙoƙi na musamman[4] tare da adalci da daidaito bisa koyarwar Musulunci.[5]

Umarni Da Kyakkyawa Da Hani Da Mummuna

A cikin tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci, umurni da aikata alheri da kuma hana aikata abin da ba daidai ba, an amince da su a matsayin wata hanya ta sa ido na jama'a ga juna.

Hukumar shugabanci ta ƙasa (Wato Jagora da kuma rassa uku na gwamnati) ce ke da alhakin aiwatar da wannan ƙa'ida ta hanyar babban sa ido na Jagora, tsara manufofi da dokoki don gyaran al'umma, tare da sa ido na aiwatarwa da kuma matakan shari'a.

A cikin wannan tsari, bisa tsammani cewa shugabanni suna da cancantar ɗabi'a, kuma bisa ƙa'idar cewa jama'a suna da ikon yanke makomarsu kamar yadda ya zo a asali na takwas na kundin tsarin mulki, umurni da aikata alheri da hana mummuna wani alhaki ne ta juna tsakanin jama'a.

Hanyar yin hakan ita ce tunatarwa da nasiha ga juna. Amma ɗaukar mataki a aikace da kuma hukunta laifi aikin gwamnati ne, ba aikin mutane kai tsaye ba.[6]

Ƙa'idojo Da Tushen Jamhuriyar Musulunci Ta Iran

  • Harkokin shugabanci da tafiyar da ƙasa, walau wajen zaɓen Jagora (Ta hanyar ƙuri'ar wakilai, wato a kaikaice) ko wajen zaɓen Shugaban ƙasa (Ta hanyar ƙuri'ar jama'a kai-tsaye), da kuma ba wa gwamnati halascin aiki (Ta hanyar ƙuri'ar amincewa ta Majalisar Dokoki Ta Musulunci), duk suna dogara ne ga ra'ayin jama'a;
  • Wa'adin shugabancin shugaban ƙasa shekaru huɗu ne (Tare da yiwuwar sake zaɓensa karo na biyu);
  • Jagora, Shugaban ƙasa, da sauran masu riƙe da madafun iko daidai suke da sauran al'ummar ƙasa a gaban doka;
  • Akwai alhaki na shari'a (Har zuwa matakin gurfanarwa a kotu da yanke hukunci) da kuma nauyi na siyasa (Har zuwa matakin tsigewa daga kan mulki) ga matsayin Jagora, Shugaban Ƙasa, da Ministoci.[7]

Manufofin Siyasar Harkokin Waje

Ƙa'idojin siyasar harkonin ƙasashen waje na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran sun haɗa da: Girma da fifita ikon shugabancin ƙasa wajen aiwatar da harkokin ƙasashen waje. Wato: Ana sa ƙaimi wajen kiyaye ƴancin kai da cikakken mulki na ƙasar, tare da ƙin amincewa da kowane irin mulkin mallaka (A takaice, ba a yarda a mallake Iran ko kuma Iran ta mallake wasu ba). Hanyoyin aiwatarwa: Ana ɗaukar manufofi da tsare-tsare da za su kare zaman lafiya, ƴancin kai, da iyakokin ƙasa. Haɗa kai da zaman tare na ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar rashin jinginuwa da manyan ƙasashe masu iko, da kuma gina dangantaka mai kyau da kowace gwamnati da ba ta yaƙi da Iran ba. Ma'ana: Ba a manne wa wata ƙasa mai iko a duniya, kuma ana ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya da ƙasashe ba tare da yaƙi ba. Haɗa kai da ƙarfafa al'ummomin Musulmi don cimma haɗin kai guda ɗaya a fannin siyasa, tattalin arziƙi, da al'adu a duniyar Musulunci

Wato: Ana ƙarfafa haɗin kan ƙasashen musulmi domin samun ƙarfi, cigaba da ci gaba, da haɗin kai a siyasance da tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu. goyan baya da tallafa wa al'umma a matakin duniya, musanman musulmai, masu rauni, wanda ake zalunta ko aka hana haƙƙoƙinsu, da kuma ƴan gudun hijira.[8]

Babban jagorancin tafiyar da siyasar ƙasashen waje yana hannun Jagora, wanda yake aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ƙayyade manyan manufofin tsarin ƙasa a harkokin waje, sanar da yaƙi da zaman lafiya, tara da shirya rundunoni, da kuma sa‑idon Jagora kan harkokin waje na ƙasar (Kamar amincewa da ƙudururrukan Majalisar Ƙoli ta Tsaron Ƙasa da ba da shiriya kan muhimman batutuwa).

Majalisar dabarun hulɗa da ƙasashen waje wata cibiya ce ta tunani da kuma hukumar ba da shawara ga Jagora da take da hangen dabaru a fannin hulɗar ƙasashen waje, wadda aka kafa 21 ga watanYuni 2006 miladiyya، bisa umarnin Sayyid Ali Khamna'i Jagoran Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, da nufin taka rawa a manyan shawarwari, nuna sabbin tsare-tsare a hulɗar ƙasashen waje, amfani da ra'ayoyin masana, da kuma tsara ma'auni domin cimma manufar takardar hangen nesa ta ƙasa. Shugabancin wannan majalisa yana hannun Sayyid Kamal Kharrazi (Ministan harkokin waje a gwamnatocin na bakwai da takwas a Jamhuriyar Musulunci).[9]

Bayan Jagora, Shugaban ƙasa, a matsayin wakilin ikon ƙasa da kuma babban jami'in siyasa na ƙasar, wanda ke da alhakin kafa hulɗar ƙasashen waje (Ta hanyar aika da karɓar jakadu da kuma kulla yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa), shi ne ke rike da shugabancin siyasar ƙasashen waje ta ƙasar.

Majalisar dokoki ta Musulunci kuwa tana taka rawa a siyasar ƙasashen waje ta hanyar sa‑ido kan yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kafa dokokin siyasar waje, aikin kwamitin siyasar waje, da kuma aikin ƴan majalisa (Ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu game da batutuwan siyasar waje, gargaɗi, tambaya da neman tsige Shugaban ƙasa ko Ministan harkokin waje).[10]

Hukumomin Gwamnati Da Tsare-tsaren Mulki

Mulki a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran yana da siffofi guda biyu: Na Allah da na mutane.

Mulkin Allah ya samo asali ne daga koyarwar cewa ikon mulki da kafa doka na Allah kaɗai ne, kuma babu wanda yake da ikon sarrafa dukiya ko rayuwar mutane, ko ya kafa dokoki, sai da izinin Allah. Bisa tattaunawar ilimin kalam (Ilimin aƙida) da fiƙihu, a lokacin ɓoyuwar Imami Ma'asumi (Gaiba), malamin fiƙihu da ya cika sharudda yana da izini daga Imam Ma'asumi don ya yi aiki bisa tushen addini , ya fassara dokokin shari'a kuma ya tsoma baki a waɗanda Allah ya ba izini. Bisa wannan ƙa'ida, kafa duk wasu dokoki bisa tsarin Musulunci, ƙarƙashin sa‑idon Wilayatul Faƙihi (Jagorancin malamin fiƙihu), shi ne tabbacin mulkin Allah.

Siffar mutum ta wannan mulki kuma ta samo asali ne daga imani da Allah da kuma yarda da ikonsa gaba ɗaya a kan duniya da ɗan‑adam, da cewa Shi ne ya ba mutum ikon zama mai mulki kan makomarsa. Saboda haka, ikon jama'a a kan makomar siyasa da zamantakewarsu haƙƙi ne daga Allah, wanda yake buƙatar shiga kai tsaye da cikakken haɗin kai na mutane.

Tabbacin wannan ɓangaren na mulki kuwa yana cikin hanyoyin doka da kuma siyasa (haƙƙin kafa ƙungiyoyi, jam'iyyun siyasa da ƙungiyoyin sana'a).[11]

Tsarin Mulkin Gwamnati

Tsarin mulkin gwamnati a Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran ya ƙunshi sassa uku masu zaman kansu, na dokoki (Majalisar dokoki), na aiwatarwa (Ɓangaren zartarwa), da na shari'a (Ɓangaren hukunci), duk suna ƙarƙashin sa‑idon Jagora (waliyul Faƙihi). Saboda haka, tsarin rarraba ikon mulki a wannan gwamnati yana da bambanci mai zurfi da tsarin da ke cikin gwamnatocin zamani na ɗan‑adam.[12]

Gwamnatin Iran tana rabuwar salo biyu: rabin tsarin shugaban ƙasa da rabin tsarin majalisa. Ana kiranta rabin tsarin shugaban ƙasa (Semi‑presidential) saboda jama'a ne ke zaɓen Shugaban Ƙasa. Ana kiranta rabin tsarin majalisa (Semi‑parliamentary) saboda Shugaban ƙasa ne ke bayar da sunayen ministoci don Majalisa ta amince da su. Haɗin kai da cikakken tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci yana buƙatar daidaito da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sassan uku, duk da cewa kowannensu yana da ƴancin kansa. Don haka, an fayyace alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan sassan uku, an kuma bayyana iyakar ƴancin su, tare da ƙa'idojin hana tarawa aiki fiye da ɗaya lokaci ɗaya.[13]

Baya ga waɗannan sassa uku da ke ƙarƙashin sa‑idon Jagora, akwai wasu hukumomi na musamman da ke aiwatar da mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci irin su: Majalisun Musulunci na ƙasa da ƙananan hukumomi. Gidan rediyo da talabijin na ƙasa (Sida Wa Sima), Majalisar Ƙoli ta Tsaron Ƙasa, Majalisar Ƙoli ta Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, da Majalisar Fayyace Maslahar Gwamnati.[14]

Rukunan Gwamnati

Rukunan gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Musulunci sun kasance kamar haka:

Wilayatul Faƙihi da Jagoranci

Rukuni na farko na gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran shi ne wilaya da Jagoranci. Bisa ga muƙaddimar Kundin Tsarin Mulki da kuma ƙa'idodi na 5 da 57, wilayatul Muɗlaƙatil Faƙih (Ikon Shari'a marar iyaka na Malaman Fiƙihu) shi ne tushen Musulunci na gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Musulunci.

Ma'anar wannan gwamnati ta Musulunci na nufin cewa dokokin da ke gudana a cikinta, ta kowace fuska, suna kan mizanai na Musulunci. Haka kuma, halaliyyar Kundin Tsarin Mulki tana da sharadi ne kan yadda yake daidaita da Shari'a (Ƙa'ida ta 4; Sha'bani, shafi na 79-83).

An tsara ma'anar Wilayatul Faƙihi a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki (Ƙa'ida ta 5) ta hanyar kwaɗaita ta cikin hukumomi. Malamin fiƙihu dole ne ya mallaki waɗannan sifofin: mafi cika da ilimi da ake buƙata don ba da fatawa a cikin sassa daban-daban na ilimin fiƙihu. Adalci da taƙawa, Hangene daidai na siyasa da zamantakewa. Hanyar tafiyar da al'amura, Jajircewa, da Gudanarwa. Iko da isasshen ƙarfi don jagoranci (Ƙa'ida ta 109; Hashimi, 1374 SH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 45).

Mafi ilimi a cikin al'amuran fiƙihu da siyasa da kuma yarda daga jama'a su ne manyan sharuɗɗan zaɓen Jagora ta Majalisar Ƙwararru ta Jagoranci (Iran. Kundin Tsarin Mulki, Ƙa'idodi na 107 da 109).

Ikon da Ayyukan Jagora

Dukkan sassan gwamnati a Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran suna a ƙarƙashin sa‑idon Jagora (Ƙa'ida ta 57). A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, Jagora shi ne mafi girman muƙami da tushe na hukuma a tsarin mulkin ƙasar. Muhimman iko da nauyuka da aka ɗora masa suna nuna matsayin wannan kujera. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan Jagora suna da alaƙa da kare wanzuwar tsarin mukli kan tushen Musulunci, kamar misalin: Saita manufofin gaba ɗaya na tsarin mulki; Kula da kyakkyawan aiwatar da waɗannan manufofi; Naɗawa, da cirewa, ko karɓar murabus ɗin Malaman Shari'a da ke Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki. Naɗa, ko karɓar murabus ɗin Shugaban Ma'aikatar Shari'a.

Wasu ayyukan Jagora kuma ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da sassan gwamnati uku, kamar: Naɗa, kwaɓewa, ko karɓar murabus ɗin shugabannin rundunonin soja da ƴan sanda; Shugabancin Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin na ƙasa, domin kasancewar irin waɗannan iko a hannun ɗaya daga cikin sassan gwamnati na iya zama mai cutarwa ko haifar da rashin daidaito.

Wasu nauyuka kuma sun haɗa da: Ayyana yaƙi ko tattara dakarun ƙasa; Ba da umarnin gudanar da raba gardama (Referendum); Warware rikice-rikicen sassa uku na gwamnati da daidaita alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu. Saboda haka, Jagora, yayin da yake sa‑ido kan sassan gwamnati, yana: Fayyace manyan manufofin su; Taimaka musu wajen warware matsalolin da ka iya hana su aiwatar da aikinsu yadda ya kamata.

Sa‑ido Na Jagora Kan Sassan Gwamnati Guda Uku

Sa‑idon Jagora kan bangaren zartarwa, yana gudana ta hanyoyi biyu: Sa hannu ko tabbatarwa[15] na hukuncin Shugaban ƙasa bayan jama'a sun zaɓe shi. Cire shi daga muƙami, idan Kotun Ƙoli ta ƙasa ta yanke hukuncin cewa ya karya nauyin da doka ta ɗora masa, ko kuma Majalisa ta yanke hukuncin cewa bai cancanci ci gaba da mulki ba. Sa‑ido kan ɓangaren dokoki, da kuma tabbatar da Musuluncin dokoki da ƙudurin da take fitarwa, yana gudana ne ta hanyar nada malaman fiƙihu na Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki. Ra'ayin waɗannan malaman fiƙihu a Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki game da daidaituwar dokoki da mizanai na Shari'a shi ne yanke hukunci na ƙarshe.

Sa‑ido kan ɓangaren shari'a kuma yana gudana ta hanyar naɗa da kuma cire mafi girman shugaban wannan ɓangare (Ka'idoji na 91, 96, 110).[16]

Amfani da tuntubar kwararru daga Majalisar Kula da Lamurra

A yayin gudanar da ayyukansa, Jagora baya ga masu ba shi shawara, yana kuma amfani da tunanin Ƙwararru da ra'ayoyin ƙwarewa daga Majalisar Fayyace Maslahar Tsari. Wannan Majalisa, wacce Jagora ke naɗa dukkan membobinta, baya ga ba Jagora shawara wajen ƙayyadewa manufofin gaba ɗaya na tsarin mulki, ita ce kuma mahallin warware rigingimu tsakanin Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki da Majalisar Dokoki ta Musulunci. Haka kuma, Majalisar tana shiga taron sake duba kundin tsarin mulki da kuma taron zaɓen Jagora.[17]

Zaɓen Jagora

Zaɓen Jagora yana hannun Majalisar Ƙwararru ta Jagoranci. Wannan majalisa tana ƙunshe da manyan malamai na addini (Mujtahidai) daga sassa daban‑daban na ƙasar. Su ne ke sa ido kan ayyukan Jagora da kuma tabbatar da cewa har yanzu yana da sharuɗɗan da suka dace don jagoranci. Idan ya zama ba zai iya ci gaba da gudanar da aikinsa ba, majalisar na iya tsige shi daga muƙami.

Idan aka cire Jagora daga muƙami, ko ya yi murabus, ko kuma ya rasu, to har sai Majalisar Ƙwararru ta Jagoranci ta zaɓi sabon Jagora, ayyukansa za su kasance a hannun Kwamitin Jagoranci na wucin gadi. Wannan kwamitin yana ƙunshe da: Shugaban ƙasa, Shugaban ɓangaren shari'a, da ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu na Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki [18]; duba kuma[19].

Ɓangaren Kafa Dokoki

Ginshiki na biyu na Jamhuriyar Musulunci shi ne bangaren kafa dokoki. Wannan bangare yana ginuwa ne a kan tsarin majalisa guda ɗaya, amma yana ƙunshe da rukuni biyu da suka bambanta gaba ɗaya: Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci da Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan rukuni yana da ayyukansa na musamman.

Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci tana ƙunshe da ƴan majalisa waɗanda jama'a ke zaɓa kai tsaye ta hanyar kuri'a a ɓoye, na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Bayan amincewa da takardun shaidar zaɓensu da kuma rantsuwa a gaban Alƙur'ani Mai Girma, sai su fara gudanar da aikinsu.[20]

Babban aikin Majalisar shi ne tsara da kafa dokoki a dukkan lamurra da batutuwa, a cikin iyakokin da kundin tsarin mulki ya gindaya. Waɗannan iyakoki su ne: dokokin da ba za su saɓa da ƙa'idojin Shari'ar Musulunci na mazhabar hukuma ba, kuma ba za su saɓa da kundin tsarin mulki ba. Tantance wannan daidaito kuwa yana hannun Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki.[21]

Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci, bayan amincewa da dokoki da ƙa'idoji, Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci tana da aikin sa‑ido wanda ya ƙunshi:

A. Sa‑ido na kafuwa (Nazarce‑nazarce kan kafa gwamnati): Wannan ya haɗa da sa‑ido kan kafuwar gwamnati, sa‑ido kan sauye‑sauyen da ake yi a cikin gwamnati, da kuma warware rikice‑rikicen gwamnati.

B. Sa‑ido na samun bayanai: Wannan ya haɗa da ƙorafe‑ƙorafen jama'a game da yadda sassan gwamnati uku ke aiki, da kuma yunƙurin ƴan majalisa na neman bayanai daga minista ko shugaban ƙasa game da yadda suke gudanar da aikinsu. Haka kuma Majalisar na da ikon bincike da zurfafa nazari a dukkan lamurran ƙasa.

C. Sa‑ido na amincewa: Wato Majalisar tana sa‑ido kan manyan ayyukan gwamnati, kamar: Kulla yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, sauya iyakokin ƙasa, ayyana yanayin gaggawa, yin sulhu a shari'o'in kuɗi ko miƙa su ga sulhu ta hanyar masu sasanci, ba da lasisin kafa kamfanoni da cibiyoyi ga ƴan ƙasashen waje, da wasu ayyukan gwamnati kamar karɓar bashi, karɓar tallafin kyauta, ko ɗaukar ƙwararrun ma'aikata daga ƙasashen waje.

D. Sa‑ido na kuɗi: Wannan ya haɗa da tsarawa, shirya da kuma amincewa da kasafin kuɗin shekara na ƙasa, da kuma sa‑ido kan yadda ake kashe wannan kuɗi ta hanyar Ofishin Binciken Kuɗaɗe na ƙasa.

E. Sa‑ido na siyasa: Wannan ya haɗa da tsige ministoci ko shugaban ƙasa ko kuma tuhumarsu.[22] Haka kuma, tun da Majalisar na da ikon kafa dokoki a dukkan lamurra, tana da ikon gyara dokoki na yau da kullum, kuma saboda haka tana da ikon fassara waɗannan dokoki.[23] Tsarin cikin gida na Majalisar, wanda dokokin gudanarwa na cikin gida ke bayyana, ya ƙunshi kwamitoci daban‑daban da kuma kwamitin shugabanci, waɗanda ake zaɓa a kowace shekara. A farkon lokaci yawan 'yan majalisar ya kasance 270, kuma bisa tanadin kundin tsarin mulki, tare da ƙaruwa yawan jama'a, a duk bayan shekaru goma za a iya ƙara har zuwa ƴan majalisa 20.[24]

Majalisar Kula da Tsarin Mulki kuwa tana ƙunshe da malaman fiƙihu shida da lauyoyi shida. Jagora ne ke naɗa malaman fiƙihun, yayin da shugaban bangaren shari'a ke gabatar da ƴan takarar lauyoyi, sannan ƴan majalisa su zaɓe su ta hanyar ƙuri'a.[25]

Ɓangaren Zartarwa

Ginshiki na uku na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran shi ne ɓangaren zartarwa. A cikin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, daga mahangar matsayinsa wajen jama'a, wannan ɓangare yana da yanayin tsaka‑tsaki tsakanin tsarin shugaban ƙasa da kuma tsarin majalisa. Amma daga mahangar abubuwan da ke jagorantar ayyukan zartarwa, yana da ginshiƙai biyu: Jagora da Shugaban ƙasa. Dukkan ma'aikatu da ayyukan zartarwa na farar hula da na soja, sun samo asali ne daga waɗannan ginshiƙai. Shugaban ƙasa shi ne mafi girman jami'in hukuma a ƙasar, bayan Jagora[26] Ƴan takarar wannan muƙami dole ne su kasance ƴan asalin Iran, masu imani da mazhabar hukuma ta ƙasa, kuma su kasance daga cikin fitattun mutane na siyasa da addini (sashe na 115).

Ana zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta hanyar kuri'ar kai tsaye ta jama'a, kuma ana iya sake zaɓarsa sau ɗaya a jere (sashe na 114). Bayan an zaɓe shi kuma Jagora ya tabbatar da zaɓensa, shugaban ƙasa yana rantsewa a Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci a gaban Alƙur'ani Mai Girma, yana mai alƙawarin kare tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci, kundin tsarin mulki, da mazhabar hukuma ta ƙasa, kuma da taimakon Allah da bin tafarkin Annabi da Imamai (A.S), zai kasance mai tsoron Allah da sadaukarwa wajen kiyaye amanar al'umma (sashe na 117 da 121). Shugaban ƙasa yana da alhakin amsa wa Majalisa da Jagora, kuma idan ya yanke shawarar yin murabus, sai ya miƙa takardar murabus ɗinsa ga Jagora[27]

Ayyuka da ikon shugaban ƙasa sun haɗa da abubuwa kamar haka: Gudanar da manyan lamurran ƙasa, kamar aiwatar da kundin tsarin mulki, da kuma jagorantar manyan majalisun ƙasa, misali: Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa, Majalisar Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu, Majalisar Tattalin Arziki, Majalisar Bita da Gyaran Kundin Tsarin Mulki, da sauransu. Harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa, ciki har da sa hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi, da kuma aika jakadu zuwa ƙasashen waje da karɓar jakadu daga wasu ƙasashe.

Shugabantar Majalisar Ministoci (kwamitin gwamnati). Jagorantar manyan hukumomi da cibiyoyi da ke ƙarƙashin gwamnati, kamar hukumar kula da muhalli, hukumar wasanni da motsa jiki, hukumar makamashin nukiliya, da hukumar tsare‑tsare da shirye‑shirye. Ba da lambobin yabo na gwamnati. Haka kuma shugaban ƙasa yana da ayyuka da iko da suka shafi ɓangaren kafa dokoki, kamar: Sa hannu kan dokoki, ba da shawarar kaɗa ƙuri'ar raba gardama (Referendum) da kuma sa hannu kan shi, naɗa da sauke ministoci da kuma neman kuri'ar amincewa daga majalisa ga gwamnati, dakatar da zaɓe, halartar zaman majalisa ko a kira shi zuwa majalisa, da nema a gudanar da zaman majalisa na sirri (Ba a bainar jama'a ba). Haka kuma yana da wasu ayyuka da iko da suka shafi ɓangaren shari'a, kamar zaɓar Ministan Shari'a daga cikin mutanen da shugaban ɓangaren shari'a ya gabatar, sannan ya gabatar da shi ga majalisa domin samun ƙuri'ar amincewa.[28]

Baya ga shugaban ƙasa, ministoci ma suna daga cikin masu aiwatar da bangaren zartarwa. Suna da matsayi na shari'a ta hanyoyi biyu: A matsayin rukuni gaba ɗaya (Majalisar Ministoci), da kuma a matsayin mutum ɗaya‑ɗaya (minista).[29] Majalisar Ministoci ta gwamnati ta ƙunshi: Shugaban ƙasa, mataimakansa (inda mataimaki na farko ke jagorantar Majalisar Ministoci idan shugaban ƙasa ba ya nan).[30] da kuma ministoci.

Wannan majalisa tana aiki a matsayin hukumar shari'a mai cikakken matsayi, wadda ke da haƙƙoƙi da wajibai da kundin tsarin mulki ya tanada. Bayan shugaban ƙasa ya zaɓi ministoci, sai ya gabatar da su ga Majalisa domin samun kuri'ar amincewa. Wasu daga cikin ayyuka da ikon ministoci sun haɗa da: Jagorantar ma'aikatunsu, kasancewa mambobi a Majalisar Ministoci, kula da cibiyoyi da hukumomi da ke ƙarƙashin ma'aikatunsu, kasancewa mambobi a tarukan manyan kamfanonin gwamnati, da kuma fitar da ƙa'idoji da sanarwar gudanarwa. Yawan ma'aikatu da tsarin su ba su da tabbataccen adadi na dindindin; suna iya canzawa gwargwadon lokaci da manufofin shirye‑shiryen ƙasa. Daga cikin ayyukan Majalisar Ministoci akwai: Shirya da tsara kudurorin dokoki sannan a gabatar da su ga Majalisa, tsara ƙa'idojin aiwatar da dokokin da Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci ta amince da su, yanke manyan shawarwarin siyasa na gaba ɗaya ko na musamman, warware rikice‑rikice tsakanin hukumomin zartarwa, da kuma amincewa da sulhu a shari'o'i ko miƙa su ga masu sasanci.[31]

Sojojin ƙasa, waɗanda manufarsu ita ce kare ƴancin kai da cikakkiyar iyakar ƙasar. Rundunar Kare Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci, wadda take hukuma mai ayyuka da dama (Na soja, na tsaro, na siyasa da na zamantakewa), kuma ta samo asali ne daga juyin juya hali, da manufar kare juyin juya halin da kuma nasarorin da ya haifar.

Rundunar ƴan sanda, wadda manufarta ita ce kafa doka da tsaro, tabbatar da zaman lafiya da walwalar jama'a da ta mutum ɗaya, da kuma kare nasarorin juyin juya halin Musulunci. Babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin ƙasar gaba ɗaya shi ne Jagora.[32]

Ɓangaren Shari'a

Rukuni na huɗu a cikin tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci shi ne ɓangaren shari'a. Wannan ɓangare ne ke kula da lamurran shari'a da tabbatar da adalci, kuma shi ne mahanga da ke yaƙi da laifuffuka tare da kare haƙƙin mutane da na al'umma. A saman tsarin wannan ɓangare akwai shugaban ɓangaren shari'a, wanda dole ne ya kasance mujtahidi (Malamin fiƙihu mai ikon yin ijtihadi). Jagora ne ke naɗa shi na tsawon shekaru biyar.[33]

Daga cikin ayyukan shugaban ɓangaren Shari'a akwai: Shirya ƙudurorin dokokin shari'a, naɗa da sauke alƙalai, kuma yana iya ba da wasu daga cikin ikonsa ga ministan shari'a, ministan shari'a kuwa yana da alhakin daidaita hulɗa tsakanin ɓangaren zartarwa, majalisa, da ɓangaren shari'a.[34] Domin bangaren shari'a ya iya gudanar da ayyukansa, yana da wasu hukuma da tsare‑tsare na musamman. Daga cikinsu akwai:

  • Ma'aikatar Shari'a: Ita ce mahanga da jama'a ke kai ƙorafe‑ƙorafe da koke‑koke, kuma tana bincike da yanke hukunci kan laifuffukan gama gari.[35]
  • Kotun Adalci ta Gudanarwa: An kafa ta domin duba ƙorafe‑ƙorafe da ƙin yarda da suka shafi jami'an gwamnati da sassan gwamnati. Haka kuma tana da ikon soke ƙa'idojin gwamnati idan sun saɓa da dokokin Musulunci ko kuma sun wuce ikon ɓangaren zartarwa.[36]
  • Ofishin mai gabatar da ƙara da kotukan Soji: an kafa su domin bincike da yanke hukunci kan laifuffukan soja ko na jami'an tsaro na rundunar sojoji.[37]
  • Hukumar duba ayyukan gwamnati ta ƙasa baki ɗaya: An kafa ta domin kulawar shugaban ɓangaren shari'a kan yadda ake aiwatar da dokoki daidai a cikin tsarin gudanarwar gwamnati.[38]
  • Kotun ƙoli ta ƙasa: Ita ce ke sa ido kan yadda ake aiwatar da dokoki daidai a kotuna, tare da tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin shari'a a faɗin ƙasa. shugaban ɓangaren shari'a ne ke naɗa shugaban wannan kotu.[39]
  • Babban ofishin mai gabatar da ƙara: yana kare haƙƙin al'umma a gaban laifuffukan gama gari.

Alƙalai su ne ginshiƙai mafi muhimmanci a tsarin shari'a, kuma halaye da sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata gare su sun samo asali ne daga fiƙihu. Alƙali shi ne mai fassara dokokin da aka rubuta, kuma idan bai samu hukuncin wata matsala a cikin dokokin da aka rubuta ba, dole ne ya koma zuwa rubuce‑rubucen fiƙihu domin samun hukunci.[40]

Shari'o'i na iya kasancewa a bainar jama'a, sai dai idan ɓangarorin da ke shari'a sun nemi a rufe ta, ko kuma idan bayyana ta zai iya lalata tarbiyyar jama'a.[41]

A tsarin mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci, akwai wasu hukuma na musamman waɗanda ba za a iya ɗaukar su kai tsaye a matsayin ɓangare na jagoranci ko kuma ɗaya daga cikin rassa uku na gwamnati ba (Majalisar dokoki, zartarwa, da shari'a). Waɗannan hukuma sun haɗa da: Majalisun Musulunci na gari, Hukumar Radiyo da Talabijin ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci, Majalisar Ƙoli ta Tsaron Ƙasa Majalisar Koli ta Juyin Juya Halin Al'adu Majalisar Fayyace Maslahar Gwamnati.[42]

Haƙƙoƙi Da Ƴanci

A cikin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, ƙa'ida ita ce daidaito tsakanin mutane da kuma daidaitonsu a gaban doka. Wannan daidaiton ya shafi maza da mata, amma duk yana gudana bisa ƙa'idojin Shari'ar Musulunci.[43] Ana raba haƙƙoƙi da ƴancin jama'a gida biyu: Na mutum ɗaya (Individual). Na ƙungiya ko rukuni, Haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya sun haɗa da haƙƙin mallaka da kuma ƴancin da suka shafi rayuwar sirri. Mallakar dukiya ta sirri tana da kariya, kuma a zahiri ba a sanya manyan takurawa a kanta ba, amma dole ne an same ta ta hanyar halaliya (Halas).[44] Idan dukiyar ba ta samu ta hanyar halas ba, gwamnati tana da alhakin mayar da ita ga ainihin masu ita.[45]

Haƙƙoƙin da suka shafi rayuwar sirri ta mutum suna da alaƙa da zaɓuɓɓuka, sha'awa da ra'ayoyin mutum na kansa. A cikin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, an amince da wasu ƴanci kuma doka tana kare su, kamar: Ƴancin zaɓar sana'a ko aiki.[46] Ƴancin zaɓar wurin zama (ƙa'ida ta 33 a kundin tsarin mulki). Ƴancin ra'ayi da tunani (Ƙa'ida ta 23). Waɗannan duka suna ƙarƙashin kariyar doka (Ƙa'ida ta 22).

Haƙƙoƙi da ƴancin ƙungiya kuwa su ne haƙƙoƙin da mutane ko rukuni ke samu saboda shiga harkokin jama'a a fili. Ana raba su zuwa rukuni uku: Ƴancin tunani da bayyana ra'ayi, muddin ba ya karya tushen Musulunci ko haƙƙin jama'a. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin ƴancin jaridu da kuma haramcin binciken aƙida ko ra'ayin mutum. Ƴancin taro da gangami, wato damar taron jama'a, zanga‑zanga ko ayyukan nuna adawa, amma da sharadin ba su sabawa tushen Musulunci ba. Ƴancin kafa ƙungiyoyi da jam'iyyu, inda ƙungiyoyi, jam'iyyun siyasa, ƙungiyoyin sana'a da kuma ƙananan al'ummomin addini suke da damar kafa ƙungiya. Amma dole ne su mutunta ƴancin kai na ƙasa, ƴanci, haɗin kan ƙasa, ƙa'idojin Musulunci, da kuma tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci.[47]

A cikin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, an amince da haƙƙoƙin mabiyan addinan samaniya (kamar Kiristanci, Yahudanci da Zartush), kuma an jaddada daidaiton haƙƙoƙin dukkan mutane. Waɗannan mutane suna da ƴanci wajen gudanar da ibadunsu da ayyukan addininsu, kuma suna da damar kare imaninsu da al'adunsu na addini. Haka kuma suna da ƴancin amfani da harshensu da adabinsu, tare da harshen hukuma na ƙasa.[48][Tsokaci 1]

Maƙaloli Masu Alaƙa

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Imam Khomeini, Sahife‑ye Nur, j 3, Tehran j 3, s 486; Ruzha va Ruydadha, Tehran: Nashr‑e Ramin, j 1, s 81.
  2. ↑ Ku duba: Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr al‑Huda,: 45, 8, 12, 19, 20, 26, 61, 64, 67, 72, 91, 94, 109, 115, 157, 162, 163, 167.
  3. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr al‑Huda, osul 3, 13, 19, 20, 26.
  4. ↑ Ku duba: Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr al‑Huda, osul 19, 42.
  5. ↑ Ku duba: Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 1, s, 222–226, 161–166
  6. ↑ Ku duba: Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 1, s, 222–226, 228–234
  7. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, osul 6, 87, 107, 111, 114, 133, 142.
  8. ↑ Ku koma ga: Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr al‑Huda. osul 3, 11, 152, 154, 155.
  9. ↑ https://www.scfr.ir/fa/category/about-scfr/
  10. ↑ Ku koma ga: Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran j 1, s 412–433; Shafiʿifar, "Jaygah‑e Velayat‑e Faqih dar Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran", s 84–86.
  11. ↑ Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 2, s 17.
  12. ↑ Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran j 2, s 89; ku duba: Mansurnejad, Tafkik‑e Qova, Velayat‑e Motlaqeh‑ye Faqih va Esteqlal‑e Qova, s 56.
  13. ↑ Hashemi, Hoquqe Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 2, s 12–17, 19–25.
  14. ↑ Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 2, s 10–11.
  15. ↑ https://farsi.khamenei.ir/others-note?id=48422
  16. ↑ Madani, j 2, s 132–138;ku koma zuwa: Shafiʿifar, "Jaygah‑e Velayat‑e Faqih dar Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran", s 69–83.
  17. ↑ Shaʿbani, Hoquq‑e Asasi wa Sakhtar‑e Hokumat‑e Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Tehran, s 196–197.
  18. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, osul 108–109, 111.
  19. ↑ Madani, Hoquq‑e Asasi va Nahadha‑ye Siyasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 4, s 84–98.
  20. ↑ Qanune Asasi, osul 62, 63, 67, 91; Hashemi, j 2, s 104–105.
  21. ↑ Ku Duba: Qanun-e Asasi, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, Osul 71, 72, 94.
  22. ↑ Ku duba: Hashemi, j 2, s 187–268.
  23. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, asl 73.
  24. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, asl 64; ku koma: Madani, j 3, s 121–155.
  25. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi, bugun, Nashr‑e Alhuda, osul 91, 98, 99; ku koma ga: Madani, Hoquq‑e Asasi dar Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 4, s 16, 18, 41, 42; Hashemi, 1374 sh, j 2, s 266, 320.
  26. ↑ Asl 60; Hashemi, j 2, s 371.
  27. ↑ Ku koma zuwa: Iran, Qanun‑e Asasi, osul 124 va 131.
  28. ↑ Ku koma zuwa ga: Hashimi, 1374Sh, j 2 sh 342-370, Madani, j 5 sh 165-186.
  29. ↑ Asle 60, Hashimi, j 2 sh 371
  30. ↑ Ku koma ga: Iran Qanune Asasi, Usule 124-131
  31. ↑ Qanune Asasi, Usule 74-123, 138, haka kuma ku koma ga Madani, j 5, sh 242-289, Hashimi, j 2 Sh 371-397, 4032-409
  32. ↑ Qanune Asasi, Usule , 143, 145, 150-151, Hashimi, j 2, sh 423, 426, 428, , kuma ku duba, Madani, Sh 328-338
  33. ↑ Qanun‑e Asasi, asl 157.
  34. ↑ Osul 158 va 160.
  35. ↑ Asl 159.
  36. ↑ Osul 170 va 173.
  37. ↑ Asl 172.
  38. ↑ Asl 174.
  39. ↑ Asl 161.
  40. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, asl 167."
  41. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugun Nashr‑e Alhuda, 1388 sh, asl 168;Ku koma zua ga: Madani, Hoquq‑e Asasi dar Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Tehran, j 6, s 272–301.
  42. ↑ Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 2, s 10–11.
  43. ↑ Qanun‑e Asasi, osul 3, 20–21.
  44. ↑ Ko koma ku duba Asl 47.
  45. ↑ Asl 49.
  46. ↑ Ku koma ku duba Asl 28.
  47. ↑ Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jumhuri-ye Islami-ye Iran, bugu Nashr‑e Alhuda, osul 23–24, 26–27; kuma ku duba Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, s 345–349, 402–428.
  48. ↑ Osul 12–13, 15; kuma a koma a a duba: Hashemi, 1384 sh, s 584–600.
  49. ↑ Nazarpur, Ashna‑yi ba Qanun‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Nashr‑e Maʿaref, 1396 sh, Sh 247.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Asali na 12 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran: Addinin hukuma na Iran shi ne Musulunci, kuma mazhabar Ja‘fariyya (Ithna Ashariyya – Shi'a Imamiyya) ce mazhabar hukuma. Wannan ka'ida ba za a taɓa canza ta har abada ba. Sauran mazhabobin Musulunci kamar Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali da Zaydi suna da cikakken girmamawa. Mabiyan waɗannan mazhabobi suna da ‘yanci wajen gudanar da ibadunsu na addini bisa fikihinsu, kuma a cikin ilimin addini da al'amuran shakhsiya (kamar aure, saki, gado da wasiyya) da kuma shari'o'in da suka shafi waɗannan batutuwa a kotuna, ana amincewa da dokokinsu. A duk yankin da mabiyan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan mazhabobi suke rinjaye, dokokin yankin a cikin ikon majalisun yankin za su kasance bisa wannan mazhaba, tare da kiyaye haƙƙin mabiyan sauran mazhabobi. Asali na 13 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran: ‘Yan Iran Zarathustra (Majusawa), Yahudawa, da Kiristoci su ne kaɗai ƙananan addinai da kundin tsarin mulki ya amince da su. A cikin iyakar doka suna da ‘yanci wajen gudanar da bukukuwa da ibadunsu na addini, kuma a cikin al'amuran shakhsiya da koyarwar addini suna aiki bisa dokoki da al'adunsu.[49]

Nassoshi

  • Dar hame-porsi-ye Qanun-e Asasi milyunha nafar ra’ye-ye ari dadadand (A cikin zaben raba gardama kan kundin tsarin mulki, miliyoyin mutane sun kada kuri'ar amincewa), Jaridar Ettelaʿat, sh 16016, 3 Disamba 1979 Miladiyya.
  • Gholam‑Hasan Moqimi, Daramadi bar Mafhum‑e Jomhuri, (Gabatarwa kan Ma’anar Jamhuriyya.), Jaridar Kimiyyar Siyasa, shekara ta 1, lamba ta 4 bazara 1999 miladiyya.
  • Imam Khomaini, Ruhullah, Sahife‑ye Nur, j 3, Tehran, 1371 sh.
  • Jalal‑al‑Din Madani, Hoquq‑e Asasi dar Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Tehran, 1360–1369 sh.
  • Jalal‑al‑Din Madani, Hoquq‑e Asasi va Nahadha‑ye Siyasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Tehran, 1373 sh.
  • Mohammad Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, j 1, Tehran 1374 sh; j 2, Qom 1374 sh.
  • Mohammad Hashemi, Hoquq‑e Bashar va Azadi‑ha‑ye Asasi, Tehran, 1384 sh.
  • Mohammad Shafiʿifar, "Jaygah‑e Velayat‑e Faqih dar Hoquq‑e Asasi‑ye Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Hokumat‑e Islami", shekara ta 4, sh 3 Kaka 1378 sh.
  • Muhammad Mansurnejad, Tafkik-e Qowa, Welayat-e Moṭlaqe-ye Faqih wa Esteqlal-e Qowa, (Raba Ayyukan Hukumomi, Wilayar Malamin Fikihu Mai Cikakken Iko, da ’Yancin Hukumomi.), a cikin mujallar Hokumat‑e Islami, shekara ta 4, lamba ta 1 bazara 1999 miladiyya.
  • Qasem Sha'abani, Hoquq‑e Asasi va Sakhtar‑e Hokumat‑e Jomhuri‑ye Islami‑ye Iran, Tehran, 1379 sh.
  • Ruzha va Ruydadha, Tahiya va tanzim: Ofishin Akidun Siyasa na Jagorancin Babban Kwamandan Dukkan Hukumomi., j 1, Tehran: Gidan wallafa littattafai na Ramin, 1378 sh.
  • Matn-e Kamel-e Pishnahadi-ye Pishnevis-e Qanun-e Asasi (Cikakken rubutun shawarar daftarin kundin tsarin mulki)Ettelaʿat, sh 15880, 16 Yuni 1979 Miladiyya
  • Nahve‑ye Vagozari‑ye 80 Darsad Saham‑e Bengah‑ha‑ye Bozorg‑e Dowlaty Ta'yin Shod, (An ƙayyade yadda za a rarraba kashi 80 cikin 100 na hannayen manyan kamfanonin gwamnati.), Hamshahri, sal 14,3 Yuli 2006 Miladiyya
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