Daƙiƙa:Suratul Fathi
 Muhammad Suratul Fathi Hujurat  | |
 | |
| Lambar Sura | 48 |
|---|---|
| Juzu'i | 26 |
| Jerantuwa Ta Sauka | 112 |
| Adadin Ayoyi | 29 |
| Adadin Kalmomi | 560 |
| Adadin Haruffa | 2509 |
| Makkiya/Madaniyya | Madaniyya |
Suratul Fathi sura ce ta 48 cikin juzi'i na 26 a Alƙur'ani, wannan sura ta sauka a Madina, an ciro sunanta daga aya ta farko a cikinta, wannan sura tana magana kan Sulhu Hudaibiyya wanda ya faro a shekara ta 6 hijira, da magana kan abubuwan da suka faro a lokacin wannan Sulhu, irin su Bai'atush Shajara, da bayani kan baiwa da ni'imar da Allah ya yiwa ManzonSa (S.A.W) kamar ni'imar Fatahu Makka da alƙawari ga waɗanda suka yi Imani da aiki na gari.
Daga cikin ayoyi sanannu na wannan sura akwai wannan ayar: Lalle ne, Allah Ya yarda da muminai a lokacin da suke yi muka mubaya'a a ƙarƙashin itaciyar (Hudaibiyya). Sai Ya san abin da ke cikin zukatansu, sa'an nan Ya saukar da natsuwa a kansu, kuma Ya saka musu da wani rinjaye na kusa.
An rawaito ruwayoyi da yawa kan falalolin wannan sura, daga ciki, akwai ruwayar da aka rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa duk wanda ya karanta Suratul Fathi, zai kasance kamar wanda ya kasance tare da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) a ranar Fatahu Makka.
SawaWannan Sura Suna Da Ayoyinta
Ana kiranta da Suratul Fathi, saboda farkonta an yi babbar albishir na Fatahu Makka, kamar yadda ya zo a faɗar Allah maɗaukaki : "Lalle Mu, Mun yi maka rinjaye (a kan maƙiyanka), rinjaye bayyananne".[1] ayoyinta 29 kalmomi 590 da haruffa 2509[2] kuma sura ana la'akarinta cikin surori Mumtahinat.[3]
Tsarin Wannan Sura A Lokacin Sauka
Wannan sura ta Fathu ta sauka a Madina[4] bisa jerin sauka itace sura ta 112 da aka saukar Annabi (S.A.W), amma yanzu a cikin tsarin Alƙur'ani ita ce 48 cikin juz'i na 26[5]
Ma'anonin Wasu Daga Cikin Kalmominta
Mafi muhimmancin ma'anoninta (Assakina): Wannan kalma tana nufin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. (Alhadyi): Wannan na nufin Hadaya da Mahajjaci yake yankawa ko mai aikin Umara. (Ma'akufan): wanda aka tsare daga wannan ma'anar aka sami I'itikafi. (Mahillahu): Isar Hadaya zuwa gurin da za'a yanka ta (Alhamiyyatu) .. Girman kai da matsananci fushi.[6]
Abun Ciki
Ayoyin wannan sura suna magana kan ƙissar Sulhu Hhudaibiyya wanda ya faro a shekara ta 6 hijira da abin da ya shafi wannan sulhu, irin ci bayan Larabawa da hana ruwa gudu da Mushirikai suka yi, da Bai'atur Shajara, hadafin wannan sura shi ne bayani ni'imar da Allah ya yi wa Manzonsa (S.A.W) da muminai, irin su Fatahu Makka a wannan tafiya da yabon muminai da alƙawari ga waɗanda suka yi imani da aiki na gaari.[7]
Ma'anar Fatahu Makka
Fathu tana da ma'ana da yawa, amma abin da take nufi anan ita ce nasara da rinjaye, saboda nasara ita ce abuna farko da yake zuwa ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙari kan haka Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce wata aya ta sauka gare ni wacce nafi santa kan duniya da duk abin da yake cikinta, sannan ya karanta wannan ayar : "إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُّبِينًا" saboda haka ma'anar wannan kalma tana nufin ya kai Muhammad mun taimake ka taimako mabayyani[9] amma malaman tafsiri sun yi saɓani kan wannan nasara ta fuska daban-daban; 1-wannan nasara tana nufin Fatahu Makka.[10] 2-nasara tana nufin Sulhu Hudaibiyya, wanda aka yi shi ba tare da yaƙi ba.[11] 3-Nasara na nufin Fatahu Khaibar.[12] 4-tana nufin nasara kan dukkan maƙiya da hujjoji da Mu'ujiza ta bayyane da ɗaukaka Kalmar Musulunci.[13] 5-abin da nasara take nufi ita ce nasarar Imam Mahadi (A.F) a ƙarshan zamani a lokacin da zai yaɗa adalci a tsakanin halittu.[14]
Shahararrun Ayoyi
Bai'a
Faɗar Allah maɗaukaki: Lalle ne, Allah Ya yarda da mumininai a lokacin da suke yi muka mubaya a ƙarƙashin itaciyar (Hudaibiyya). Sai Ya san abin da ke cikin zukatansu, sa'an nan Ya saukar da natsuwa a kansu, kuma Ya saka musu da wani rinjaye na kusa.[15]
Ya zo a litattafan tafsiri cewa yardar Allah na nufin so da Iradar Allah wajan girmama su da kuma tabbatar da su, wannan wani labari ne daga Allah, na yarda da muminai lokacin da suka yi wa Annabi (S.A.W) bai'a a Hudaibiyya a lokacin da suke ƙarƙashin bishiya wacce take sananniya wacce ake kiranta da Shajaratus Samra.[16]
Sha'anun Nuzul (18)
Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya kira Usman, ya tura shi zuwa ga Abu Sufyan da manya ƙuraishawa domin ya faɗa musu cewa shi fa bai zo dan ya yi yaƙi ba, Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce ni na zo ziyara wannan ɗaki (Ka'aba) ina mai girmama shi, sai ƙuraishawa suka tsare Usman a gunsu, sai Annabi (S.A.W) da Musulmi suka ji labari cewa ai an kashe Usman, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce ba za mu gushe ba har sai mun yaƙe su, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya kira mutane da su zo su yi bai'a, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya tashi zuwa gindin bishiya ya dogara da ita, sai mutane suka yi bai'a kan za su yaƙi Mushirikai kuma ba za su gudu ba, ana cikin wannan hali kawai sai wannan ayar bai'a ta sauka.[17]
Falala Da Fa'idodji
Akwai falaloli da yawa da suka zo kan karanta Suratul Fathi;
- An rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa duk wanda ya karant Suratul Fathi, zai zama kamar wanda ya yi tarayya da Muhammad cikin Fatahu Makka.[18]
- An rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) cewa ku tsare dukiyoyinku da matanku da abin da kuka mallaka daga lalacewa ta hanyar karanta Suratul Fathi, idan mutum ya lazimce karanta wannan sura, Mai kira zai kira shi ranar alƙiyama; zai ce mishi kai kana cikin zaɓaɓɓun bayina, sai Allah ya yi umarni da asa shi cikin salihan bayinshi, su kuma za su sanya shi cikin aljanna mai ni'ima, su shayar da shi ruwan Rahiƙul Maktum wanda aka haɗa shi da Kafur.[19]
Abin da ya keɓanta da wannan sura a wasu ruwayoyi, ga wasu daga ciki:
- An rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa duk wanda ya rubuta wannan sura ya sanya ta a gurin kwanciyarshi zai aminta daga ɓarayi, duk wanda ya rubuta ta ya wanke da ruwan Zam-zam zai zama abin saurara a gun mutane, muatane za su dinga jin maganarshi, kuma zai zamo duk abin da ya ji zai haddace shi.[20]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadih fi al-Tafsir, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 8.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Buhuth, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 1251.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid fi Ulum al-Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 313.
- ↑ Ɗusi, Tafsir al-Tibyan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 544. Razi, At-Tafsir al-Kabir, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 67
- ↑ Ma'arifat, Ulum Qur'an, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 166.
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadih fi al-Tafsir, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 20-47.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Tafsir al-Mizan, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 225-226.
- ↑ Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar Surahaye Qur'an Karim, Cibiyar Al'adu ta Qur'ani da Itrati Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qum, Nashr Nashra, bugu na 1..
- ↑ Mughniyya, Tafsir al-Kashif, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 82.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majma'u al-Bayan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 231.
- ↑ Razi, At-Tafsir al-Kabir, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 67.
- ↑ Huwaizi, Nurus Saƙalain, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 52.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majma'u al-Bayan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 273.
- ↑ Mufid, Al-Amali, shafi na 289-290.
- ↑ Alfathu:18
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Majma' al-Bayan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 288.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Tafsir al-Mizan, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 269. Alusi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 362-363.
- ↑ Zamakhshari, Tafsir al-Kashshaf, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1518.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Jawami'U al-Jami', juzu'i na 3, shafi na 377.
- ↑ Bahrani, Tafsir al-Burhan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 61.
Nassoshi
- Alusi, Mahmud Bin Abdillah, Ruh al-Ma'ani fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim wa al-Sab' al-Masani, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, bugu na 1, 1421H.
- Bahrani, Hashim Bin Sulayman, Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-'Arabi, bugu na 1, 1429H.
- Huwaizi, Abd Ali Bin Jum'ah, Tafsir Nurus Saƙalain, Beirut - Lebanon, Cibiyar al-Tarikh al-'Arabi, bugu na 1, babu ranar bugawa.
- Khurramshahi, Bahaa al-Din, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Dirasat al-Qur'aniyya, Iran - Tehran, Cibiyar al-Asdiƙa', 1377Sh.
- Mufid, Muhammad Bin Muhammad, Al-Amali, bincike da gyara: Husain Ustad Wali - Ali Akbar al-Ghaffari, Qom - Iran, Mu'tamar al-Shaikh al-Mufid, bugu na 1, 1413H.
- Musawi, Abbas Bin Ali, Al-Wadih fi al-Tafsir, Beirut - Lebanon, Cibiyar al-Ghadir, bugu na 1, 1433H.
- Razi, Muhammad Bin Umar, At-Tafsir al-Kabir, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah, bugu na 4, 1434H.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Muhammad Husayn, Almizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Qom - Iran, Dar al-Mujtaba, bugu na 1, 1430H.
- Ɗabrisi, Fadl Bin Hassan, Majma'u al-Bayan, Tehran - Iran, Dar al-Uswah, bugu na 1, 1426H.
- Ɗabrisi, Fadl Bin Hassan, Tafsir Jawami' al-Jami', Qom - Iran, Cibiar al-Nashr al-Islami al-tabi'ah li Jam'iyyat al-Mudarrisin, bugu na 2, 1430H.
- Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, At-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Qom - Iran, Cibiyar al-Nashr al-Islami, bugu na 1, 1431H.
- Zamakhshari, Mahmud Bin Umar, Al-Kashshaf, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Sadir, bugu na 1, 1431H.
- Ma'arifat, Muhammad Hadi, At-Tamhid fi 'Ulum al-Qur'an, Qom - Iran, Dhawi al-Qurba, bugu na 1, 1428H.
- Ma'rifah, Muhammad Hadi, Tadris al-'Ulum al-Qur'aniyyah, fassara: Abu Muhammad Fiƙili, Dar Nashr al-Da'wah al-Islamiyyah, 1371Sh.
- Mughniyyah, Muhammad Jawad, Tafsir al-Kashif, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar al-Anwar, bugu na 4, babu ranar bugawa.