Daƙiƙa:Suratu Muhammad
 Ahƙaf Suratu Muhammad Fathi  | |
 | |
| Lambar Sura | 47 |
|---|---|
| Juzu'i | 26 |
| Jerantuwa Ta Sauka | 95 |
| Adadin Ayoyi | 38 |
| Adadin Kalmomi | 542 |
| Adadin Haruffa | 2424 |
| Makkiya/Madaniyya | Madaniyya |
Suratu Muhammad (S.A.W) sura ce ta araba'in da bakwai cikin juzi'i na ashirin da shida a Alƙur'ani, wannan sura ta sauka a Madina, sunanta ya samo asali ne daga aya ta biyu, wannan sura tana magana kan abubuwa da yawa, daga ciki akwai; mas'alar imani da kafirci da yin ciyarwa wanda ake la'akarinshi a matsayin jihadi, da hana sulhu da kafirai idan hakan zai zamo rashin nasara ga Musulmi, kazalika wannan sura tana magana kan munafukai, haka zalika wannan sura tana yin ƙiyasi tsakanini muminai da kafirai.
Daga cikin ayoyinta mashahurai akwai faɗar Allah maɗaukaki, (Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani, idan kun taimaki Allah, zai taimake ku, kuma Ya tabbatar da ƙafafunku). Ruwayoyi da yawa sun zo kan falalar karanta wannan sura, daga cikin akwai abin da aka rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa duk wanda ya karanta Suratu Muhammad (S.A.W) zai zamo yana da haƙƙi kan Allah ya shayar da shi daga ƙoramar Aljanna.
Sunanta Da Ayoyinta
Wannan sura ana kiranta da Suratu Muhammad; saboda da ambaton sunan Annabi (S.AW) da aka yi a cikin aya ta biyu: (Kuma suka yi imani da abin da aka saukar wa Muhammad),[1] Kuma ana kiranta da surar yaƙi,[2] tana da ayoyi 38 waɗanda suke ɗauki da kalma 542 da harafi 2424.[3] kuma ana kiranta da Suratul Masani wato surar da ayoyinta ba su kai ɗari ba, kuma ana kiranta masani saboda yawan mai-maitata a karanta ta fiye da surori Ɗiwal (masu tsayi)m da Ma'in.[4]
Tsarin Saukar Da Ita
Suratu Muhammad (S.A.W) ta sauka a Madina[5] bisa wani ra'ayi ta sauka a Makka[6] amma a jerin sauka ita ce 95 da aka saukarwa Annabi (S.A.W) amma a cikin Alƙur'ani ita ce sura ta 47 cikin juzi'i na 26. surorin Alƙur'ani.[7]
Ma'anar Kalmominta
Mafi muhimmancin ma'anar kalmomin wannan sura: (Askhantumuhu): Ma'ana kun kashesu da yawa, kun ji musu rauni, kun kama su a matsayin fursinonin yaƙi. (Asinin): Ma'ana, mai canzawa. (Yatadabbarun): Ma'ana, suna tinani da kallo irin na fahimta. (Adganuhum): Ma'ana, ƙiyayyasu ko ƙinsu. (Fayuhfikum): Ma'ana, ya nace muku da dagewa gareku kan samun buƙatarshi.[8]
Abun Ciki
Wannan sura ta ƙunshi abubuwa kamar haka:
- Wannan sura tana magana kan imani da kafirci, da kwatanta halin muminai da na kafirai a duniya da lahira.
- Magana mai ɗauke da darasi kan jihadi da yaƙar Mushirikai, da koyarwa ta Musulunci kan yadda za a yi mu'amala da fursinonin yaƙi.
- Bayani da sharhi kan muna halin munafukai waɗanda suka kasance suna ayyukan da za su haifar da matsala a lokacin da wahayi na wannan ayoyin suke sauka a Madina.
- Wannan sura tana Magana kan yin tafiya a cikin duniya da yin tinani kan makomar al'ummun da suka gabata da yin tinani kan sakamakonsu na ƙarshe.
- Wannan sura tana magana kan jarrabawar da Allah ya ke yi ga ɗan Adam kan yaƙi da jihadi.
- Wannan sura tana magana kan ciyarwa ita ciyarwa ana la'akarinta a matsayin wani nau'i na yaƙi da jihadi, sannan tana magana kan rowa wacce ita siffa ce da take saɓanin ciyarwa.
- Wannan sura tana kawo ƙarshan sulhu da kafirai idan ya zama sababi da dalili na rashin nasar Musulmi da ƙasƙantasu.[10]
Shahararrun Ayoyi
Faɗar Allah maɗaukaki (Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani, idan kun taimaki Allah, zai taimake ku, kuma Ya tabbatar da ƙafafunku). [11] Ya zo cikin litattafan tafsiri cewa; wannan ayar tana kwaɗaitarwa kan jihadi da kuma alƙawarin cin nasara, abin da ake nufi da jihadi shi ne yaƙi cikin tafarkin Allah domin ɗaukaka addinin Allah, ita kuma nasarar da Allah ya yi alƙawari shi ne samar da dalili da abubuwan da suke kaiwa ga cikin nasara, kamar jefa tsoro cikin zukatan kafirai, da kawar da tsoro daga zukatan muminai da ƙarfafarsu.[12]
Asbabun Nuzul
Ya zo cikin Tafsiril Ƙummi cewa wannan aya ta sauka ne kan sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) waɗanda suka yi ridda bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W) kuma suka kwace haƙƙin iyalan gidan Manzo (S.A.W) kazalika suka yi ƙoƙari toshe hanyar sanin wanene Imam Ali (A.S) da hana mutane sanin wilayar Imamai (A.S) saboda haka suka lalata aikinsu irinsu jihadi da taimako da ya gabata wanda suka kasance suna yi sanda suna tare[13]
Ayoyin Hukunce-hukunce
Samfuri:Main:Ayatul Ahkam Cikin wannan sura an samu wasu adadi daga ayoyin hukunce-hukunce kaamar yadda zaku gani cikin jadawali na ƙasa:
| Lamba | Aya | Babi | Maudu'i |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Idan kuka haɗu da waɗanda suka kafirta, sai ku doki wuyansu, har idan kun raunana su sosai, to ku ɗaure su da igiya. Sa'an nan ko dai ku yi musu alheri, ko kuma ku karɓi fansa, har yaƙi ya ajiye kayansa | Jihadi | Kame maƙiyi, sannan a ba da zaɓi na sakin su da fansa ko ba tare da fansa ba, gwargwadon abin da maslaha ta buƙata. |
Falala Da Fa'idoji
Falaloli masu yawan gaske sun kan karanta ta daga ciki:
- An rawaito daga Annabi (S.A.W): "Duk wanda ya karanta Suratu Muhammad wajibi kan Allah ya shayar da shi daga ƙoramar Aljanna".[14]
- An rawaito daga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S): "Duk wanda ya karanta ta shakka ba za ta shiga addininsa ba har abada, kuma ba zai gushe ba yana cikin kiyayewa Allah daga shirka da kafirci har zuwa mutuwarsa".[15]
- An rawaito daga Manzon Allah (S.A.W): "Duk wanda ya rubuta ta ya rataya ta zai aminta cikin barcinsa da farkawarsa daga dukkanin abin da aka tsoron faruwarsa, kuma zai kasance cikin tsari daga dukkanin bala da ciwo".[16]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 434.
- ↑ Alusi, Ruhul Ma'ani, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 269.
- ↑ Khurramshahi, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Dirasat al-Qur'aniyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi 1251.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 170.
- ↑ Ɗusi, Tafsir At-Tibyan, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 519, Ibn Jarir, Tafsiruɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 47.
- ↑ Fakhrur Razi, At-Tafsirul Kabir, juzu'i na 28, shafi na 32.
- ↑ Ma'arifat, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 313.
- ↑ Musawi, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 436-469.
- ↑ Khamagari, Muhammad, Sakhtare Surahaye Kur’ani Karim.
- ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Tafsir Amsal, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 313-314.
- ↑ Suratu Muhammad: aya ta 7.
- ↑ Ɗabaɗaba'i, Tafsir Almizan, juzu'i na 18, shafi na 223.
- ↑ Ƙummi, Tafsiril Ƙummi, juzu'i na 3, shafi 975.
- ↑ Zamakshari, Tafsirul Kashshaf, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1507.
- ↑ Ɗabrisi, Jawami'ul Jami, juzu'i na 3 shafi na 359.
- ↑ Bahrani, Tafsirul Burhan, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 42.
Nassoshi
- Alusi, Mahmud Bin Abdullahi, Ruhul Ma'ani Fi Tafsiril Qur'anil Azim Was Sab'ul Masani, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Ihya'il Turasil Arabi. 1421H.
- Irwani, Baƙir, Durus Tamhidiyyati Fil Fiƙhil Istidlali Alal Mazhab Al-Jafiri, Qom - Iran, Darul Fiƙh., bugu na 2, 1427H.
- Bahrani, Hashim bin Sulaiman, Al-Burhan fi Tafsiril Kur'an, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Ihya'it Turasil Arabi, bugu na farko, 1429H.
- Khurramshahi, Baha'uddin, Mawsu'at al-Qur'an wa al-Dirasat al-Qur'aniyya, Iran - Tehran, Cibiyar Al-Asdiqa, 1377Sh.
- Fakhrur Razi, Muhammad bin Umar, At-Tafsirl Kabir, Beirut - Lebanon, Darul Kutubil Ilmiyya, bugu na 4, 1434H.
- Zamakhshari, Mahmud Bin Umar, Al-Kashshaf An Haƙa'iƙ Gawid Tanzil Wa Uyunul Aƙawil Fi Wujuhil Tawil, Beirut – Lebanon, Dar Sadir, bugu na 1, 1431H.
- Ɗabaɗaba'i, Muhammad Husaini, Al-Mizan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Qom- Iran, Darul Al-Mujtaba, bugu na farko, 1430H.
- Ɗabrisi, Fadlu Bin Hassan, Tafsir Jawami'il Jami, Qom- Iran, Cibiyar Annashrul Islami bugun Jama'atul Mudarrisin., bugun na biyu, 1430H.
- Ɗabari, Muhammad Bin Jarir, Tafsiruɗ Ɗabari, wanda aka fi sani da Jami'ul Bayan an Ta'awilil Qur'an, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Ihya'il Turasil Arabi, bugu na farko, babu kwanan wata.
- Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, At-Tibyan fi Tafsiril Qur'an, Qom - Iran, Cibiyar Annashrul Islami, bugun na farko, 1431H.
- Musawi, Abbas Bin Ali, Al-Wadihu Fit Tafsir, Beirut - Lebanon, Cibiyar Gadir, bugu na farko, 1433H.
- Ma'arifat, Muhammad Hadi, At-Tamhid Fi Ulumil Qur'an, Qom - Iran, Zawil Qurba, bugun na farko, 1428H.
- Mugniyya, Muhammad Jawad, Tafsirul Kashif, Beirut - Lebanon, Darul Anwar, bugu na 4, babu kwanan wata.
- Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Al-Amsal Fi Tafsiri Kitabillahil Munzal, Beirut - Lebanon, Cibiyar Al-Amira. bugu na 2, 1430H.
- Ƙummi, Ali bin Ibrahim, TafsiruL Ƙummi, Qom- Iran, Cibiyar Imam Mahadi, bugun na farko, 1438H.
- Qur'an Karim.