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Daƙiƙa:Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira

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Wannan ƙasida ce game da kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira. Domin sanin mutum dai ɗauke da irin wannan suna ku duba shafin Malik Bin Nuwaira.
Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira
Bayanin Abin da ya faruKashe Malik Bin Nuwaira ta hannu Khalid Bin Walid da sahhalewar Abubakar
LokaciShekara Ta 11 Hijira/Bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W)
ZamaninHalifancin Abubakar
WuriYankin Buɗahu
DaliliSakamakon ƙin ba da zakka da Malik ya yi saboda bai yadda da halascin halifancin Abubakar ba•lalacewar ɗabi'un Khalid Bin Walid
ManufaMurƙushe ƴan'adawa da hukuma
Mutanen da suka kai harinAbubakar•Khalid Bin Walid
SaƙonniSukan nazariyyar adalcin sahabbai daga bangaren Shi'a•Jingina ridda da wasu Ahlus-Sunna suka yi kan Malik da niyyar wanke Khalid Bin Walid
MartaniUmar Bin Khaɗɗab da ba'arin sahabbai sun nuna rashin yarda da abin da ya faru
Mai alaƙaYaƙe-yaƙen Ridda


Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira (Larabci: قتل مالك بن نويرة) yana cikin muhimman abubuwa da suka faru a lokacin halifancin Abubakar wanda cikinsa aka kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira ɗaya daga cikin sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) ta hannun Khalid Bin Walid, wannan lamari ya kasance daga manyan matsalolin da aka yi da ce-ce kuce a kansu a fagen aƙida tsakanin Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna. Shi'a tare da imani da suka yi kan karkacewa Khalid daga kyawawan halaye da kuma abin da ya aikata na kashe Malik, sun sa alamar tambaya kan nazariyyar imani da adalcin baki ɗayan sahabbai. A faɗar masana Shi'a sakamakon Malik ba ya ganin gwamnatin Abubakar a matsayin halastacciyar hukuma ne ya sanya shi ƙin yarda ya ba da zakka ga wannan sabuwar hukuma, da wannan babban dalilin kashe shi.

Ba'arin marubuta na Ahlus-Sunna domin wanke Khalid kan kashe Malik, sun bayyana Malik Bin Nuwaira a matsayin murtaddi, amma ƴanshi'a da wasu daga Ahlus-Sunna, tare da kafa hujja da wasu dalilai da shaidu da ba'arin sahabbai suka tabbatar da Musluncinsa da kuma biyan diyyar da Abubakar ya yi, sun ƙaryata riddar da aka jinginawa Malik, kamar dai yadda Umar Bin Khaɗɗab ya kasance yana ganin cewa Khalid Bin Walid ya cancanci a tsayar masa haddin ƙisasi, sannan kuma ya cancanci a jefe shi bisa lefin da ya aikata na kwanciyar da matar Malik Bin Nuwaira bayan kashe shi da ya yi, kishiyar haka, Abubakar ya ɗauki Khalid matsayin wanda ya yi ijtihadi cikin abin da ya aikata saboda haka yana da uzuri.

Malik Bin Nuwaira ya kasance daga cikin manyan mutane masu daraja a zamanin jahiliya da Muslunci, kuma ya muslunta a lokacin da Annabi (S.A.W) yake raye. Bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W) sai Malik ya nuna bijirewa ga Abubakar da wannan dalili ne ya ƙi aiki da umarnin Annabi (S.A.W) cikin sallama halifancin ga Imam Ali (A.S). Shaik Abbas Ƙummi ya yi imani cewa an kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira saboda soyayyarsa ga Ahlul-Baiti.

An wallafa litattafai game da kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira, littafin Majaraye Ƙatle Malik Bin Nuwaire, wanda Ali Labbaf ya rubutu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan litattafai.

Muhimmancin Wannan Waƙi'a A Cikin Bahasosin Aƙida

Lamarin kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira, yana cikin masl'aloli da ake da saɓani mai tsanani a kansu cikin bahasin aƙida tsakanin Fariƙaini (Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna).[1] Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira da kwanciya da matarsa da Khalid Bin Walid ya aikata, suna cikin batutuwa da suka faru a lokacin yaƙoƙin ridda wanda ya jawo matsanancin ce-ce kuce.[2] Masana Shi'a tare da jingina da wannan waƙi'a ta tarihi, sun yi suka kan nazariyyar Ahlus-Sunna wace ta ginu kan adalcin baki ɗayan sahabbai, kuma sun yi imani cewa an bijiro da wannan nazariya ne domin samar da uzuri ga ba'arin wasu ayyuka marasa kyau na Sahabbai.[3] A faɗar Maƙdisi, marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na huɗu hijira ƙamari, bayan mas'alar imamanci, saɓanin Musulmi ya bayyana a cikin yaƙoƙin ridda; duk da cewa Abubakar ya yi imani da laruran yaƙar waɗanda suka yi ridda, amma sauran Musulmi sun saɓa da shi kan hakan.[4]

Ƴanshi'a tare da ba'arin Ahlus-Sunna sun yi inkarin zargin riddar Malik Bin Nuwaira, sun yi imani da cewa ya kasance cikakken Musulmi.[5] Ba da Shaidar ba'arin sahabbai kan muslunci wanda aka ce sun yi ridda, biyan diyya ta jinin Malik da Abubakar ya yi da kuma umarnin da Abubakar ya bayar na raba Khalid da matar Malik, suna cikin jimillar dalilai da aka riƙe kan tabbatar Musluncin Malik,.[6] Duk da wannan Ahlus-Sunna suna da bambancin ra'ayi kan musluncin Malik, wasu suna ɗaukarsa murtaddi.[7] Muhammad Husaini Hikal tare da ba da uzuri kan aikin Khalid ya yi imani kan cewa Kashe Malik da kwanciya da matarsa idan aka auna shi da irin gudummawar da Khalid ya bayar ga hukuma ba wani abu ne mai girma ba.[8]

Malik Bin Nuwaira

Babban labari: Malik Ɗan Nuwaira

Malik Bin Nuwaira Bin Jamra ya kasance ɗaya daga sahabban manzon Allah (S.A.W) kuma daga manyan mutane masu daraja a lokacin jahiliya da Muslunci.[9] Malik ya kasance mawaƙi, kuma yana da diwani littafin waƙe.[10] Ya je wurin Annabi (S.A.W) ya muslunta a hannunsa.[11] Sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya zaɓe shi wakili cikin ƙabilarsa ya dinga tattara zakka daga hannunsu.[12]

A cewar Shaik Abbas Ƙummi, ɗaya daga cikin manyan malaman hadisi na Shi'a a ƙarni na sha huɗu ƙamari, Malik sakamakon irin soyayyar da yake yi wa Ahlul-baiti ya sanya aka kashe shi.[13] Bisa abin da Fadlu Bin Shazan ya naƙalto, bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W), Malik Bin Nuwaira ya zo Madina bayan ya fahimci cewa Abubakar ne ya zama halifa, sai ya nuna rashin yarda shi gare shi da wane dalili ne Abubakar ya ƙi aiki da abin da Annabi (S.A.W) ya faɗa na miƙa halifanci ga Imam Ali (A.S).[14]

Kashe Malik A Lokacin Yaƙoƙin Ridda

A faɗin Allama Amini[15] da Rasul Jafariyan,[16] daga masana tarihi, babu ko wace irin shakka da kokwanto an kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira ne sakamakon lalacewa da karkacewa halayen Khalid Bin Walid. Malik Bin Nuwaira ya ƙi miƙa zakka da ya tattaro zuwa ga hukumar Abubakar maimakon haka sai ya dinga raba ta tsakanin mutanensa.[17] Acewar Sayyid Abdul-Husaini Sharafud-dini, marubucin littafin An-Nassu Wal-Ijthad, Malik sakamakon ya samu shakku da kokwantu cikin halascin hukuma Abubakar, da kuma ingancin ba su zakka, sai ya ƙi yarda ya ba su zakkar da yake tattarowa daga hannun mutanensa.[18]

Khalid Bin Walid bisa umarnin Abubakar, domin ƙalubalantar riddar da suke zargin Malik da ƙabilarsa sai ya nufe su a yankin Buɗahu.[19] Abubakar ya ba da umarni, kafin fara yaƙarsu, a bincika ko suna kiyaye sallah domin tabbatar da riddarsu.[20] Malik ya samu labarin himmatuwar Khalid zuwa ga yaƙarsu, domin nuna kyakkyawar niyya da kuma hana faruwar yaƙi daga wahamin da ya sanya su Khalid tanadar sojoji don yaƙarsu, sai ya tarwatsa duk wani taro na ƙabilarsu, domin ka da sojojin Khalid Bin Walid su yi zaton cewa suna shirya sojoji ne domin yaƙi.[21] Ba'arin Ansar da suka shaida riƙon Malik da ƙabilarsa da sallah, sai suka saɓa da Khalid, sai dai kuma bai saurare su ba.[22]

Malik domin tabbatar da rashin riddar da ake zarginsa, sai ya taso tare da rakiyar matarsa Ummu Tamim ya zo wurin Khalid, sai dai cewa bayan Khalid ya ga irin kyawun da wannan mata take da shi, sai ya kashe Malik kuma a wannan dare da ta fara iddar wafatin mijinta ne Khalid ya kwanta da ita.[23] A rahotan Yaƙubi marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na uku, lokacin da Khalid ya yi ido biyu da Ummu Tamim sai ya furta wannan jumla "Na rantse da Allah ba zan taɓa samun abin da kake tare da shi ba sai bayan kashe ka" sai ya kashe Malik.[24] Bisa rahotan Waƙidi, malamin tarihi a ƙarni na biyu hijira, Khalid tsawon lokaci ya kasance cikin tunanin Ummu Tamim. Shima Malik kafin kashe shi, sai da ya bayyana cewa kyawun matarsa ya jawo Khalid ya kashe shi.[25] Mutuwar Malik ana lissafa ta cikin muhimman abubuwa da suka faru a shekara ta 11 hijira ƙamari.[26]

Nuna Rashin Amincewar Da Sahabbai Suka Yi Kan Kashe Malik

Ayyukan Khalid na saɓawa shari'a, ya jawo nuna rashin amincewar ba'arin sahabbai, kamar Abu Ƙatada Ansari da Abdullahi Bin Umar.[27] Bayan rahoton ayyukan sojojin Khalid ya isa Madina, sai Umar Bin Khaɗɗab ya tattauna da Abubakar game da ayyukan Khalid da suka saɓawa shari'a, ya nemi Abubakar ya cire Khalid daga muƙamin kwamandanci.[28] Umar Bin Khaɗɗab ya bayyana cewa Khalid ya cancani a tsayar da ƙisasi a kansa bisa lefin kashe Malik, sannan ya cancanci a jefe shi bisa lefin kwanciya da matar Malik da ya yi.[29] Sai dai cewa Abubakar bai yi muwafaƙa da buƙatar Umar ba, bari ma dai yana ganin Khalid yana da uzuri cikin ijtihadin da ya yi.[30] Ya siffanta Khalid da takobin Allah zararre kan maƙiya Allah.[31]

Bayan Mutammim Bin Nuwaira ɗan uwa ga Malik ya nemi fansar jinin ɗan uwansa a wurin Abubakar, sai Abubakar ya ba da umarni a biya diyyar Malik daga baitumali.[32] Ya kuma uamrci Khalid ya rabu da matar Malik da take hannunsa, sai dai Khalid bai bi umarnin Abubakar.[33] A cewar Muhammad Husaini Hikal, masanin tarihi ɗan ƙasar Misra, sakamakon Abubakar yana buƙatuwa da Khalid a cikin hukumarsa, sai ya ci gaba da tafiya da shi.[34] Amma Umar bai iya mantawa da lefukan Khalid ba, da wannan dalili ne ma bayan mutuwar Abubakar da komawar halifanci hannun Umar, sai ya cire Khalid daga kwamandanci.[35]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Siyamiyan Gorji, “Radda, Jangha,” shafi.695.
  2. ↑ Ghulami, “Janghayi Irtidad wa Buhrani Janeshini pas az Payambar (s),” shafi.39.
  3. ↑ Nikzad, “Adalat Sahaba dar Tarazuyi Naqd,” shafi.42‑44.
  4. ↑ - Maqdisi, al‑Bad’ wa al‑Tarikh, Maktabat al‑Thaqafa al‑Diniyya, j.5, shafi.123.
  5. ↑ - Nigaah konid be: Ibn Athir, Usud al‑Ghaba, 1409Q, j.4, s.277; Ghulami, “Janghayi Irtidad wa Buhrani Janeshini pas az Payambar (s),” shafi.40.
  6. ↑ - Nigaah konid be: Ibn Athir, Usud al‑Ghaba, 1409Q, j.4, s.277; Ghulami, “Janghayi Irtidad wa Buhrani Janeshini pas az Payambar (s),” shafi.40.
  7. ↑ - Nigaah konid be: Ibn Athir, Usud al‑Ghaba, 1409Q, j.4, shafi.277.
  8. ↑ - Haykal, al‑Siddiq Abu Bakr, Dar al‑Ma‘arif, s.141
  9. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usud al‑Ghaba, 1409Q, j.4, shafi.276
  10. ↑ - Aqabuzurg Tehrani, al‑Dhari‘a, 1403Q, j.9, sh.264.
  11. ↑ - Dhahabi, Tarikh al‑Islam, 1413Q, j.3, sh.33.
  12. ↑ - Ya‘qubi, Tarikh al‑Ya‘qubi, Dar Sadir, j.2, sh.122.
  13. ↑ - Qummi, Muntaha al‑Amal, 1379Q, j.1, sh.311.
  14. ↑ - Ibn Shadhan, al‑Fadail, 1363Sh, sh.76.
  15. ↑ Amini, al‑Ghadir, 1416Q, j.7, sh.219‑220.
  16. ↑ Jafariyan, Tarikh Khulafa, 1394Sh, sh.38.
  17. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al‑Isaba, 1415Q, j.5, sh.560.
  18. ↑ Sharaf al‑Din, al‑Nass wa al‑Ijtihad, 1404Q, sh.118.
  19. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408Q, j.2, s.495.
  20. ↑ - Sayyid Murtada, al‑Shafi fi al‑Imama, 1410Q, j.4, sh.163.
  21. ↑ Sharaf al‑Din, al‑Nass wa al‑Ijtihad, 1404Q, sh.118‑119.
  22. ↑ Waqidi, al‑Radda, 1410Q, sh.106‑107.
  23. ↑ Ya‘qubi, Tarikh al‑Ya‘qubi, Dar Sadir, j.2, s.131‑132.
  24. ↑ Ya‘qubi, Tarikh al‑Ya‘qubi, Dar Sadir, j.2, sh.131.
  25. ↑ Waqidi, al‑Radda, 1410Q, sWaqidi, al‑Radda, 1410Q, s.107..107.
  26. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al‑Tabari, 1387Q, j.3, sh.278.
  27. ↑ Qudsi, al‑Bad’ wa al‑Tarikh, Maktabat al‑Thaqafa al‑Diniyya, j.5, sh.159
  28. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al‑Tabari, 1387Q, j.3, sh.278‑279.
  29. ↑ Abi al‑Fida, Tarikh Abi al‑Fida, 1417Q, j.1, sh.222
  30. ↑ Ibn Kathir, al‑Bidaya wa al‑Nihaya, 1407Q, j.6, sh.323.
  31. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al‑Anwar, 1403Q, j.30, sh.471.
  32. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usud al‑Ghaba, 1409Q, j.4, sh.277.
  33. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al‑Isaba, 1415Q, j.2, sh.218.
  34. ↑ Haykal, al‑Siddiq Abu Bakr, Dar al‑Ma‘arif, sh.157.
  35. ↑ Haykal, al‑Siddiq Abu Bakr, Dar al‑Ma‘arif, sh.138.

Nassoshi

  • Abi al‑Fida, Isma‘il bin Ali, Tarikh Abi al‑Fida, Bayrut
  • Aqabuzurg Tehrani, Muhammad Mohsen, al‑Dhari‘a ila Tasaneef al‑Shi‘a, Bayrut, Dar al‑Adhwa, 1403Q.
  • Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, al‑Siddiq Abu Bakr, Qahira, Dar al‑Ma‘arif, Bi‑Ta.
  • Ibn Athir, Ali bin Abi al‑Karam, Usud al‑Ghaba fi Ma‘rifat al‑Sahaba, Bayrut, Dar al‑Fikr, 1409Q.
  • Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali, al‑Isaba fi Tamyeez al‑Sahaba, Bayrut, Dar al‑Kutub al‑Ilmiyya, 1415Q.
  • Ibn Kathir, Isma‘il bin Umar, al‑Bidaya wa al‑Nihaya, Bayrut, Dar al‑Fikr, 1407Q.
  • Ibn Khaldun, Abdurrahman bin Muhammad, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, Bayrut, Dar al‑Fikr, 1408Q.
  • Ibn Shadhan, Fadl, al‑Fadail, Qum, Radhi, 1363Sh.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al‑Anwar, tahqiq: al‑Sayyid Ibrahim al‑Miyanchi, Muhammad al‑Baqir al‑Bahbudi, Bayrut, Dar al‑Ridha, 1403Q.
  • Maqdisi, Muthahhar bin Tahir, al‑Bad’ wa al‑Tarikh, Bayrut, Port Sa‘id, Maktabat al‑Thaqafa al‑Diniyya, Bi‑Ta (Babu tarihin shekara).
  • Waqidi, Muhammad bin Umar, al‑Radda, Bayrut, Dar al‑Gharb al‑Islami, 1410Q.
  • Ya‘qubi, Ahmad bin Abi Ya‘qub, Tarikh al‑Ya‘qubi, Bayrut, Dar Sadir, Bi‑Ta (Babu tarihin shekara).
  • Golam Ali «جنگ‌های ارتداد و بحران جانشینی پس از پیامبر(ص)»،A cikin Mujallar Marafat, Fitowa ta 40, Afrilu 2001.
  • Nikezad Abbasi«عدالت صحابه در ترازوی نقد»,a cikin mujallar "Rovaq Andisheh", fitowa ta 28, Afrilu 2004.

Qummi, Abbas, Muntaha al‑Amal, Qum, Dalil Ma, 1379Q.

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