Jump to content

Malik ɗan Nuwaira

Daga wikishia
Wannan wata maƙalaa ce game da Malik Bin Nuwaira, domin sanin rigimar da aka kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira ku duba: Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira
Malik
Cikakken SunaMalik Bin Nuwaira
Nasaba/ƘabilaBanu Tamim
Fitattun dangiMutammin Bin Nuwaira
Tarihin rasuwaShekara 11 Bayan Hijira
Yanayin rasuwaKhalin Bin Walid Ya Kashe Shi
Dalilin shaharaKashe Da Aka Yi Babu Dalili A Lokacin Yaƙe-yaƙen Ridda
Fitattun gudummawowiWakilin Annabi (S.A.W) A Tattaro Zakka
Sauran ayyukaƘin Yin Bai'a Ga Abubakar


Malik Bin Nuwaira(Larabci:مالك بن نويرة) An kashe shi Shekara ta 11 bayan hijira, yana daga cikin Sahabban Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Wanda Khalid bin Walid sakamakon munanar hali na Khalid, labarin kashe Malik yana ɗaya daga manyan al'amuran da ake bahasi kansu tsakanin shi'a da Ahlus-sunna, shi'a suna ganin cewa wasu daga sahabbai ba adalai ba ne saboda kisa mara dalili na ɗaya daga cikin su da suka yi, halifa Umar yana ganin Khalid ya cancanci tsayar da ƙisasi a kansa saboda kashe Malik, haka ya cancanci jefewa saboda zina da ya yi da matar Malik ɗin bayan ya kashe shi, amma Abubakar yan ganin ya kamata ai masa uziri saboda a bisa Ijtihadi ya aikata abin da ya aikata.

Kamar yadda Fadlu bin Shazan ya rawaito riwaya daga Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya bayyana Malik bin Nuwaira a matsayin ɗan Aljanna, ya kuma yi masa nuni ga halifancin Imam Ali (A.S), Don haka ne a lokacin da Malik bin Nuwaira ya zo Madina bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya yi wa Abubakar bore don me bai mika halifanci ga Imam Ali (A.S) ba, kamar dai yadda Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya faɗa. A cewar malaman Shi'a, Malik ya ƙi ba da zakka ga gwamnati saboda bai ɗauki halifancin Abubakar a matsayin halastacce ba, kuma hakan ya yi sanadiyyar kashe shi.

Wasu marubutan Ahlus-sunna sun ɗauki Malik a matsayin wanda ya yi ridda don ba da uzuri kan da abin da Khalid bin Walid ya aikata, Amma `yanShi'a da wasu daga Ahlus-sunna sun ƙaryata tuhumar kafirci (Ridda) da aka yi kan Malik da hujjoji kamar shaidar wasu sahabbai da dama game da musuluncinsa, da kuma biyan diyyar ransa ga iyalansa da khalifa Abubakar ya yi bayan kashe shi.

Matsayi Da Gabagatarwa

Malik ɗan Nuwaira ɗan Jamrah Tamimi ɗaya ne daga cikin sahabban manzon Allah (S.A.W) kuma ɗaya daga cikin manya a zamanin jahiliyya da musulunci,[1] Malik mawaƙi ne kuma yana da diwani na waƙa daya rubuta.[2] Ya je wurin Annabi (S.A.W) ya musulunta,[3] Annabi ya sanya shi wakilinsa a cikin ƙabilarsa don ya karɓi zakka daga gare su.[4]

A cewar Shaik Abbas Ƙummi, ɗaya daga cikin malaman Shi'a a ƙarni na 14 hijira, an kashe Malik bin Nuwaira ne saboda son Ahlul Baiti (AS),[5] Wannan lamari ya faru ne a lokacin da Malik ya tambayi Manzon Allah (S.A.W). ya faɗa masa haƙiƙanin imani, Sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya koya masa wasu hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a, ya tabbatar masa da halifancin Imam Ali [6]kamar yadda Ibn Shazan ya ruwaito, bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (S.A.W), Malik bin Nuwaira ya zo Madina bayan ya fahimci an bada halifanci ga Abubakar, sai ya nuna rashin amincewa da hakan, a cewarsa Manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya ba wa Imam Ali halifanci (A.S).[7] bayan nuna rashin goyan bayansa ne da nuna bore, sai aka fitar da shi daga cikin masallaci bisa umarnin Abubakar da aikatawar Khalid bin Walid Ƙunfuz.[8]

Labarin kisan Malik bin Nuwaira yana daga cikin mas'aloli masu tada ƙura tsakanin shi'a da Ahlus-sunna,[9] Kisan da Khalid bin Walid ya yi masa da kwanciya da matar sa da ya yi yana daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi jawo cece-kuce dangane da yaƙoƙin Ridda.[10] Malaman Shi'a sun yi nuni da cewa, a bisa wannan lamari na tarihi, Shi'a sun yi suka kan nazariyyar adalcin dukkanin sahabbai da wasu daga cikin malaman Ahlus-sunna suka yarda da ita,[11] sun yi imani da cewa an kawo wannan nazariyya ne don samar da uzuri kan wasu ɗabi'u da halayen sahabbai da ba su dace ba. A faɗin Maƙdisi masanin tarihi a ƙarni na huɗu, ya ce: bayan mas'alar Imamanci, ɗaya daga manya-manyan saɓanin da musulmi suka samu shi ne batun yaƙin ridda, duk da cewa Abubakar ya yi imani da a yaƙi masu ridda, amma musulmi sun yi adawa da shi a wannan mas'ala.[12]

Kashe Malil a Lokacin ƴakin Ridda

Babban labari: Kashe Malik Bin Nuwaira

A cewar Allama Amini da Rasul Jafariyan, malaman tarihi na Shi'a sunce: Ba kokwanto ko shakku an kashe Malik ɗan Nuwaira ne saboda rashin tarbiyyar da Khalid ɗan Walid ya nuna,[13] saboda Malik ya ƙi ba da zakka ga gwamnatin halifa Abubakar, inya tara yana rarraba wa jama'arsa da ƙabilarsa,[14] baya kawowa baitul mali,[15] A cewar Sayyid Abdul Hussein Sharafuddin mawallafin littafin Al-Nas da Al-Ijtihad, Malik ya yi shakkar halaccin halifancin Abubakar kuma don haka ne ya daina ba shi zakka.[16]

Wannan abin da Khalid ya yi ya saɓawa Shari'a, ya jawo fushin wasu Sahabbai kamar Abu Ƙatada Al-ansari da Abdullahi bin Umar.[17] Bayan rahoton rundunar Khalid ya isa Madina, Umar bin Khaɗɗab ya tattauna abin da Khalid ya yi akan ya saɓawa Shari'a, yaje gun Abubakar kan batun Khalid ɗin ya kuma nemi Abubakar ya cire shi daga kwamandanci[18] Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab yana ganin Khalid bin Walid ya cancanci a yi masa ƙisasi a kan laifin kashe Malik da aikata laifin kwanciya da matarsa.[19] Amma Abubakar yana ganin ayi masa uziri a barshi.[20] A cewar Muhammad Husain Hikal masanin tarihi mutumin ƙasar Misra, sakamakon buƙatuwar hukumar Abubakar da mutum misalin Khalid haka ne dalili da ya sanya suke aiki tare da shi,[21] sai dai cewa Umar bai gushe ba yana ganin lefin Khalid kuma ya kamata a hukunta shi, lokacin da Umar ya zama halifa ya cire Khalid daga kwamandanci.[22]

Shin Malik Musulmi Ne Ko Kumai Dai Da Gaske Ya Yi Ridda

  • `Ƴan shi'a da wasu malaman Ahlus-sunna sun kawo hujjojin da ke nuna cewa Malik musulmi ne, daga cikinsu akwai kamar haka:
  • Ikrarin Malik da imani muslunci tare da Sahabbansa da kuma yin Sallah.
  • Shaidar da dama daga cikin sahabbai game da musuluncinsu.
  • Biyan diyya da Abubakar ya sa aka yi bayan kisan Malik.
  • Umarnin Abubakar ga Khalid na rabuwa da matar Malik ɗan Nuwaira[23]

Sai dai kuma Ahlus-sunna ba su da ra'ayi ɗaya game da kasancewarsa musulmi, wasu kuma suna ganinsa a matsayin wanda ya yi ridda,[24] Muhammad Husaini Haikal, yana mai tabbatar da halayya ta Khalid, yana ganin cewa, duk da cewa kwanciya a cikin iddar mace bai dace da Sharia ba. Bai kamata a yi amfani da wannan hukunci a kan haziƙai kamar Khalid ba, domin Khalid ya taimaki gwamnatin musulunci,[25] haka nan a cewarsa kashe Malik da kwanciya da matarsa lamari ne da ba shi da wata ƙima idan aka kwatanta da ɗinbin hidimomin da Khalid ya yi wa gwamnatin musulunci a wancan lokacin.

Allama Amini,[26] da Sharafud-din,[27] bayan sun ruwaito abin da ya faru dangane da Malik da Khalid, sun soki hujjar Ahlus-sunna kan kare Khalid. Abbas Mahmud Aƙƙad, marubuci ɗan ƙasar Masar, ya yi imanin cewa, duk da cewa ruwayoyin kisan Malik sun bambanta, amma ba shakka kisan Malik ba lamari ne na dole ba , kuma a lokacin kisan ba komai ba ne ya bayyana, inama ace wannan lamarin bai kasance a cikin shafuffukan rayuwar Khalid ba.[28]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usudul Al-Ghabah, 1409H, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 276.
  2. ↑ Agha Bozurg Tahrani, Al-Dhari'ah, 1403H, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 264.
  3. ↑ Dhahabi, Tarikhul Islam, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 33.
  4. ↑ Yaƙoubi, Tarikh Al-Yaƙoubi, Dar Sadir, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 122.
  5. ↑ ƙommi, Mentehi Al-Amal, 1379 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 311.
  6. ↑ Ibn Shazan, Al-Fadael, 1363, shafi na 75.
  7. ↑ Ibn Shazan, Al-Fadael, 1363, shafi na 76.
  8. ↑ Ibn Shazan, Al-Fadael, 1363, shafi na 76.
  9. ↑ Jojin Siamian, "Ridde, Jangha", shafi na 695.
  10. ↑ Gholami, “Jnaghaye Irtidad wa Buhrane Janishini pas az Payambar (S.A.W)”, shafi na 39.
  11. ↑ Nikzad, "Idalat Sahabe dar Tarazu Nakhade Bita", shafi na 42-44.
  12. ↑ Moghdisi, Al-Bad'u wa al-Tarikh, Maktabat Al-Saƙafa Al-Diniyeh, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 123.
  13. ↑ Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, Mujalladi na 7, shafi na 219-220; Jafarian, Tarihin Halifofi, 1394, shafi na 38.
  14. ↑ Ibn Hajar, al-Isabah, 1415 Hijira, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 560.
  15. ↑ Sharafuddin, Nass wa Ijtihad, 1404H, shafi na 118.
  16. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408H, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 495.
  17. ↑ Moghdisi, Al-Bad'u wa al-Tarikh, Maktabat Al-Taƙfah al-Diniya, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 159.
  18. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, 1387 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 278-279.
  19. ↑ Abi al-Fada, Tarikh Abi al-Fida, 1417H, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 222.
  20. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, 1407H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 323.
  21. ↑ Heikal, Al-Sadiƙ Abu Bakr, Dar al-Maarif, shafi na 157.
  22. ↑ Heikal, Al-Sadiƙ Abu Bakr, Dar al-Maarif, shafi na 138.
  23. ↑ Duba: Ibn Athir, Usudul Al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 277. Gholami, "Jangahaye Irtitdad wa Buhrane Janishini pas az Payambar (S.A.W)”, shafi na 40.
  24. ↑ Heikal, al-Siddiƙ Abu Bakr, Dar al-Maarif, shafi na 140.
  25. ↑ Heikal, al-Siddiƙ Abu Bakr, Dar al-Maarif, shafi na 141.
  26. ↑ Duba: Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, Juzu'i na 7, shafi na 218-229
  27. ↑ Duba: Sharafuddin, Al-Nas wa Al-Ijtihad, 1404 AH, shafi na 116-138.
  28. ↑ Akkad, Abƙariyatu Khaled, 2005, shafi na 80.

Nassoshi

  • Aghabuzur Tehrani, Mohammad Mohsen, Al-Dhari'a al-Tsanif al-Shi'a, Beirut, Dar al-Audha, 1403H.
  • Ibn Athir, Ali bin Abi al-Karam, Osud al-Ghaba fi Marafah al-Sahaba, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1409H.
  • Ibn Hajr Asƙlani, Ahmad Ibn Ali, Al-Isabaa fi Tami'iz Sahabah, Beirut, Dar Al-Katb Al-Ulamiya, 1415H.
  • Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1408H.
  • Ibn Shazan, Fazl, Al-Fadael, Kum, Razi, 1363.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail Ibn Omar, Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1407H.
  • Abi al-Fida, Ismail bin Ali, Tarikh Abi Al-Fida, Beirut, Darul Katb al-Alamiya, 1417H.
  • Amini, Abdul Hossein, Al-Ghadir a cikin Al-Kitab da Sunnah wa Al-Adab, ƙum, Al-Ghadir Center for Islamic Studies, 1416H.
  • Jafarian, Rasul, Tarihin halifofi, ƙum, Dalil Ma, 1394.
  • Dhahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Tarikh Al-Islam wa Fiyat al-Mashir wa al-Alam, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1413H.
  • Sharafuddin, Seyyed Abdul Hossein, Al-Nas da Al-Ijtihad, Kum, Abu Mojtabi, 1404H.
  • Siamian Gurji, Zuhair, "Radhe, Wars", a juzu'i na 24 na Dairah Bozhar Islamic Encyclopaedia, Tehran, Cibiyar Dairah Bozhar Islamic Encyclopaedia, 2018.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh al-Tabari, Beirut Dar al-Trath 1387H. Akkad, Abbas Mahmoud, Abakaria Khaled, Alkahira, Nahda Misr, 2005.
  • Haikal, Mohammad Hossein, Al-Siddiƙ Abu Bakr, Alkahira, Dar al-Maarif, Beta.
  • Maƙdisi, Motahar bin Tahir, Al-Bad'u wa Al-Tarikh, Beirut, Port Said, Al-Taƙaba Al-Diniyeh School, Bita.
  • ƙomi, Abbas, Mentehi Al-Amal, ƙum, Dilil Ma, 1379H.
  • Yaƙoubi, Ahmed bin Abi Yaƙoob, Tarikh Eliyaƙoubi, Beirut, Dar Sadir, Bita.
  • Gulam, Ali«جنگ‌های ارتداد و بحران جانشینی پس از پیامبر(ص)»،A cikin Mujallar Marafat, fitowa ta 40, Afrilu 2001.
  • Nukuzad Abbas«عدالت صحابه در ترازوی نقد»، A cikin mujallar "Rovaq Andisheh", fitowar 28, Afrilu 2004.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Malik_ɗan_Nuwaira&oldid=18813"