Jump to content

Daƙiƙa:Bulala

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia


Bulala wani nau'in hukunci ne da aka tanada domin zartar da wasu rabe-rabe na haddi da ta'aziri. a cikin wasu ayoyin Alƙur'ani da hadisai da aka naƙalto daga Imaman Shi'a, an yi bayanin hukuncin bulala da adadin bulala da za ayi daidai da lefin da aka aikata. A wasu wuraren Imamai da kansu suka zartar da wannan hukunci; Misali, Imam Ali (A.S) ne ya zartar da hukuncin bulala da Umar Bin Khaɗɗab ya yi kan ɗansa Ubaidullahi kan lefin shan giya da ya aikata.

Cikin litattafan fiƙihu an kawo misalai na lefukan da suka cancanci ayi bulala a kansu da kuma adadin hukuncin haddi da ta'azirinsu, misali haddi na hukuncin zina ga wanda bai da aure, za a masa bulala 100, sannan kuma za a yi bulala 80 ga wanda ya aikata ƙazafi ko ya sha giya Ta'aziri wani hukunci ne da shari'a ba ta ayyana miƙdari da adadinsa ba, adadin bulalar ta'aziri ya dogara da abin da mai hukunci na shari'a ya ayyana, bisa fatawar da ta shahara a tsakanin malaman fiƙihu, hukuncin ta'aziri dole ya kasance ƙasa da adadin na haddi.

A ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu wajibi ne yayin zartar da hukuncin bulala kan wanda aka samu da lefi a rarraba bulalar a jikinsa ka da a yi ta dukansa a wuri guda ɗaya. masu zartar da wannan hukunci ba su da haƙƙi su buga bulala kan wurare masu hatsari a jikin mutum, misalin kai da fuska, kuma ba a zartar da wannan hukunci a yanayin tsanantar sanyi ko zafi.

Malaman Musulunci, cikin amsarsu ga masu cewa hukuncin bulala yana daga hukunci na zalunci kuma bai dace da haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam ba, suna ce musu shi hukunci yin bulala an tanade shi ne domin hana maimaita aikata lefi da kuma kare haƙƙoƙin wanda aka keta alfarmarsu aka cutar da su.

Wasu jihohin arewacin tarayyar Najeriya suna zartar da hukuncin bulala bisa wanda aka samu da lefin aikata wasu lefuffuka.

Nazarin Ma'ana Da Kuma Muhimmanci

Yin bulala (Wanda a larabci ake kira da Jaldu) wani nau'in hukunci ne da ladabtarwa ga masu lefi, malaman fiƙihu a cikin babin haddodi da suke kawo wa cikin littafin fiƙihu, sun yi nazari da bincike game da bulala.[1] A cikin ayoyin Alƙur'ani, an yi bayanin wasu daga cikin laifuffukan da suka cancanci hukuncin yin bulala da kuma adadin da ake yi; Misali an bayyana adadin bulalar haddi na zina a ayar jaldu da haddi na ƙazafi a aya ta 4 Suratun Nur. A cikin aya ta 25 Suratun Nisa'i ma an bayyana cewa hukuncin kuyanga da ta aikata zina wace ta kasance matar aure za a yi mata bulala hamsin.[2]

Imaman Shi'a, baya ga, bayanin hukunci da ayyana adadin bulala da ake yi kan laifuffuka,[3] A wasu wurare sune da kansu suka zartar da bulalar. Bisa wani hadisi daga Imam Baƙir (A.S), Ubaidullahi Bin Umar ya sha giya. daga bayan ya kawo kansa a zartar masa da hukunci, mahaifinsa Umar Bin Khaɗɗab, ya yi hukunci na zartar masa da haddi; sai dai kuma ba a samu wani da ya iya samun ƙarfin zuciya na zartar da wannan hukunci ba, a wannan lokaci ne Imam Ali (A.S) ya tashi ya ɗauki bulala mai zare biyu ya yi masa bulala arba'in wace take daidai da tamanin;[4] Haka kuma, Ƙaisu Bin Amru Bin Malik, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Najashi (Mawaƙi) an kawo shi gaban Imam Ali (A.S) da lefin shan giya a watan Ramadan. Imam Ali (A.S) ya masa bulala tamanin tare da tsare shi dare guda, da gari ya waye sai ya ƙara yi masa bulala ashirin bisa lefin keta alfarmar watan Ramadan.[5] Malaman fiƙihu a cikin litattafansu sun himmatu cikin batun bulala da bayanin adadin hukuncin haddi da ta'aziri da ake yi.[6]

Adadi Da Wuraren Da Ake Yin Bulala A Fiƙihun Shi'a

Malaman fiƙihun Shi'a sun yi bayanin wurare da adadin hukuncin bulala a sashen haddodi da ta'aziri a cikin ilimin fiƙihu, wasu daga cikin sun kasance kamar haka:

Bulala Ta Haddi

Adadin bulala da ake yi a laifuffuka na haddi sune kamar haka:

  • Bulala ɗari ga mai laifin zina da bai da aure; ma'ana ba shi da halattaciyar hanyar biyan buƙatar sha'awa;[7]
  • Bulala ɗari ga wanda suka aikata maɗigo;[8]
  • Bulala ɗari ga masu luwaɗi, idan basu kai ga saduwa da juna (idan kuma sun aikata to za a kashe su).[9]
  • Wasu malaman fiƙihu, misalin Abul Ƙasim Khuyi, yana ganin cewa hukuncin mai luwaɗi da bai da aure shi ne bulala ɗari, kaɗai za a kashe shi ne idan ya kasance yana da aure.[10]
  • Bulala ɗari ga mutumin da ya ɗaura ihrami tare da haka bisa sha'awar jinsi ya sumbaci wani yaro;[11]
  • Bulala tamanin ga wanda ya aikata ƙazafi;[12]
  • Bulala saba'in da biyar ga lefin kawalci;[13]
  • Bulala tamanin ga lefin shan giya.[14] za a zartar da hukuncin ne bayan ya farfaɗo daga maye.[15]

Bulala Ta Ta'aziri

Ta'aziri wani hukunci ne wanda a shari'a ba ayyana adadi da miƙdarinsa ba.[16] Abin nufi daga bulala ta ta'aziri shi ne bugun mai lefi da wani adadi da mai hukunci na shari'a yake ganin ya dace.[17] Misalai na lefukan da ake yin wannan hukunci sun zo a ruwayoyi; Misali ma'aurata da suka kusanci juna a yinin watan Ramadan, za a yiwa kowane ɗayansu bulala ashirin da biyar.[18] An ce bisa fatawa da ta shahara tsakanin malaman fiƙihu hukuncin ta'aziri dole ya kasance ƙasa da hukunci haddi; Misali, idan hukuncin haddi ya zamanto bulala ɗari, to dole ne ta'aziri ya kasance bulala 99 ko ƙasa da haka.[19]

Yadda Ake Zartar Da Hukuncin Bulala

Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a sun yi bayanin hukunce-hukunce da sharuɗɗa na zartar da hukuncin bulala da tsayar da haddodi, A cewar Makarim Shirazi, daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi, yana cewa dole jinsin bulalar da za a yi amfani da ita a ta'aziri ta kasance daga bulala da aka saƙa ko dai gama-gari kuma kada ta kasance mai kauri sosai, kuma kar ayi amfani da waya, cable, kebur da sanda;[20] Haka kuma a cewarsa, bisa ƙa'idar ihtiyaɗi na wajibi (Taka tsantsan), bai kamata a kwantar da mutum a masa bulala ba, haka bai kamata mai yin bulala ya ɗaga hannunsa sama har ya kai ga za a iya ganin hammatarsa ba.[21]

A ra'ayin malaman fiƙihu, wajibi ne a rarabawa bulalar a kan sassan jiki, kada ayi ta bugun wuri guda. Masu zartar da hukunci basu da haƙƙin bugun wurare masu hatsari kamar kai da fuska, zuciya da al'aura da misalansu.[22] Ba a za zartar da wannan hukunci a lokacin tsanantar zafi ko sanyi.[23] Duk sa'ad da aka yanke hukuncin yin bulala kan wani mara lafiya ko mace da take cikin halin istihada, to za a jinkirta zartar da wannan hukunci zuwa lokacin da zai samu lafiya ko lokacin da jini zai ɗauke mata.[24]

Suka Kan Zartar Da Hukunci Bulala A Bayyane

Akwai masu nuna adawarsu da zartar da hukuncin bulala a kan idanun mutane, suna masu bayyana cewa yin hakan yana haifar da sakamako marar kyau. Sun siffanta hakan amfani da wannan hanya da cewa abu mai haifar da rashin tausayi da rashin nutsuwar rai da zuciya a cikin al'umma ko kuma dai ya jawo baƙanta fuskar addini. A cikin amsa an ce Alƙur'ani ya yi umarni da amfani da wannan hanya kaɗai cikin lefin zina, sauran wurare babu cikakken dalili da hujja ta fiƙihu kan hakan. A wannan batu ma, an bar ƙayyade adadin shaidu ga mai hukunci na shari'a. kasancewar shaidu uku masu gaskiya ya wadatar wajen aiwatar da wannan hukunci, kuma babu buƙatar jama'ar gari da kasuwa sai sun taru sun shaida zartar da hukuncin.[25]

Rashin Dacewar Wannan Hukunci Da Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam

Wasu suna ganin cewa yin bulala ba ya dacewa da haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam da ya yaɗu a turai, kuma suna ɗaukar bulala a matsayin hukunci na zalunci, Husaini Ali Muntaziri daga cikin maraji'an taƙlidi na Shi'a ya yi watsi da wannan magana yana mai cewa yin bulala, baya ga kawo gyara da yake cikin al'umma da kuma hana maimaita aikata lefi, yana jawo kare haƙƙoƙin waɗanda aka cutar aka zalunta.[26] Wasu tare da dogara da aya ta 120 Suratul Baƙara, sun yi ishara da rashin amincewar maƙiya Musulunci da zartar da wannan dokoki, kuma sun bayyana cewa neman yardar Allah da al'ummar Musulmi shi ake fara gabatarwa ake fifitawa kan neman yardar maƙiya.[27]

Sauya Bulala Da Wani Hukuncin Daban

Wasu suna ganin cewa hukuncin bulala ba ya dacewa da yanayin al'umma a yau da kuma irin cigaba da aka samu a wannan zamani. Suna cewa a farkon Musulunci, bulala ta yaɗu sosai kuma bata cutar da darajar mai lefi. A wancan zamani babu wani hukunci da za iya maye gurbin bulala da shi; daidai lokacin da a wannan zamani akwai wannan damar, ƙasashe da dama sun cire hukuncin bulala. Fiƙihun Shi'a shima ya kamata bisa buƙatar zamani ya maye gurbin hukuncin bulala wanda yake hukunci ne mai wulaƙantar wa mai wahalar jurewa, da wani hukunci da ya dace;[28] Kishiyar haka, Nasir Makarim Shirazi, daga maraji'an taƙlidi, yana ganin cewa sauya hukuncin bulala ta haddi ya dogara ne da fayyace laruran yin hakan a hannun mai hukunci na shari'a.[29] yana mai cewa na'am hukunci na ta'aziri bai taƙaita cikin bulala kaɗai ba, tare da duba na mai hukunci na shari'a zai iya faɗaɗuwa zuwa nau'o'in ladabtarwa da tsawatarwa kamar karɓar tarar ƙudi, kurkuku kai hatta ma bayyana mai lefi a kafofin watsa labarai.[30] malamin ya lissafo wasu nau'o'in tsawatarwa guda goma sha ɗaya ƙari kan bulala, da suka haɗa da haramtawa mai lefi riƙe wasu muƙamai da gudanar da sana'a na ɗan wani lokaci.[31]

Bulala A Wasu Jihohin Arewacin Najeriya

A wasu jihohin Arewacin Najeriya da suka aiwatar da dokokin laifuffukan Shari'ar Musulunci tun daga shekarar 1999, an tanadi hukuncin bulala ga wasu laifuffuka. Amma adadin bulalar da nau'in hukuncin sun danganta da dokar jihar da laifin da aka tabbatar. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a bambanta hukuncin haddi, ta'aziri, da kuma hukuncin da kotu ta yanke bisa takamaiman sashe na dokar jihar.[32]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sajjadi, Farhange Ma'arife Islami, juzu'i na 1 shafi na 643-644.
  2. ↑ Hashimi Rafasanjani, Farhange Qur'an, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 313.
  3. ↑ Misali ku duba: Shaik Saduƙ, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 23.
  4. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 214.
  5. ↑ Kulaini, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 216.
  6. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 3, shafi 315-316.
  7. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 137.
  8. ↑ Misali ku duba Shaik Ɗusi, An-Nihayatu, shafi na 706, Muƙaddas Ardabili, Majma'ul Fa'ida, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 120; Shaik Mufid, Al-Muƙni'a, shafi na 787.
  9. ↑ Misali ku duba Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 4 shafi na 147; Allama Hilli, Tahrirul Ahkamish Shar'iyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 224.
  10. ↑ Khuyi, Takmilatul Minhaj, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 38-39.
  11. ↑ Khuyi, Takmilatul Minhaj, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 298.
  12. ↑ Allama Hilli, Ƙawa'idul Ahkam, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 547; Shahidus Sani, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 188.
  13. ↑ Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 149; Hashimi Shahrudi, Farhange Fiƙh, juzu'i shafi na 316.
  14. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 3, shafi na 493.
  15. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 3, shafi na 493.
  16. ↑ Shahidus Sani, Masalikul Afham, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 325.
  17. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 2, shafi 316.
  18. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 2, shafi 316.
  19. ↑ Haƙ Panah, «Falsafe Majazate Jald Dar Fiƙh Wa Huƙuƙe Bashar,» shafi na 187.
  20. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Istifta'ate Jadid, shafi na 487-488.
  21. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Istifta'ate Jadid, shafi na 488.
  22. ↑ Allama Hilli, Mukhtalafush Shi'a, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 175; Makarim Shirazi, Istifta'ate Jadid, shafi na 488.
  23. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Istifta'ate Jadid, shafi na 488.
  24. ↑ Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), juzu'i na 3, shafi 316.
  25. ↑ «فلسفه مجازات علنی در اسلام»، gidan yanar gizo na Ayine Rahmat.
  26. ↑ Muntaziri, Majazathaye Islami Wa Huƙuƙe Bashar, shafi na 82-84.
  27. ↑ «فلسفه مجازات علنی در اسلام»، gidan yanar gizo na Ayine Rahmat.
  28. ↑ «اسلام و شلاق»، gidan yanar gizo na Din Online.
  29. ↑ «شلاق»، gidan yanar gizo na Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi.
  30. ↑ «شلاق»، gidan yanar gizo na Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi.
  31. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Ta'azire Wa Gustare An, shafi na 86.
  32. ↑ "Kano_State_Shari_a_Penal_Code_Law"

Nassoshi

  • Allama Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Mukhtalafush Shi'a fi Ahkamish Shari'a, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami, bugu na 2, 1413H.
  • Allama Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Tahrirul Ahkamish Shar'iyya ala Mazhab al-Imamiyya, bincike: Ibrahim Bahaduri, Qom, Cibiyar al-Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), bugu na 1, 1420H.
  • Allama Hilli, Hassan Bin Yusuf, Ƙawa'idul Ahkam fi Ma'rifat al-Halal wa al-Haram, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami, bugu na 1, 1413H.
  • Hashimi Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar da sauransu, Farhange Qur'an, Qom, Bustane Kitab, 1383Sh.
  • Haƙ Panah, Muhammad Ali, «Falsafe Majazate Jald Dar Fiƙh Wa Huƙuƙe Bashar,» (Falsafar hukuncin bulala a fiƙihu da haƙƙoƙin ɗan Adam), a Mujallah Fiƙh wa Huƙuƙe Novin, lamba ta 3, kaka 2020M.
  • Khuyi, Sayyid Abul Ƙasim, MabaniyeTakmilatil Minhaj, Qom, Cibiyar Ihya'-yi Asare Al-Imam Al-Khuyi, Iran, babu kwanan wata.
  • Khuyi, Sayyid Abul Ƙasim, Takmilatul Minhaj, Qom, Mawallafar Madinat al-Ilm, bugu na 28, 1410H.
  • Kulaini, Muhammad Bin Yaƙub, Al-Kafi, bincike: Ali Akbar Gaffari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, bugu na 4, 1407H.
  • Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Istifta'ate Jadid, bincike: Abul Ƙasim Aliyan-Nizhadi, Qom,Mawallafar Madrasahaye Imam Ali bn Abi Ɗalib (A.S), bugu na 2, 1427H.
  • Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, Ta'azire Wa Gustare An, bincike: Abul Ƙasim Aliyan-Nizhadi, Qom, Mawallafar Madrasahaye Imam Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib (A.S), 1425H.
  • Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, Farhange Fiƙhe Mutabiƙ Mazhabe Ahle Bait (A.S), ƙarƙashin kulawar Sayyid Mahmud Hashimi Shahrudi, Qom, Mu'assase Da'iratul Ma'arif Fiƙhe Islami, 1426H.
  • Muhaƙƙiƙ Hilli, Jafar Bin Hassan, Shara'i'ul Islam fi Masa'il al-Halal wa al-Haram, bincike: Abdul-Husain Muhammad Ali Baƙƙal, Qom, Cibiyar Isma'iliyan, bugu na 2, 1408H.
  • Muntaziri, Husaini Ali, Pasokh bi Porsesh-haye Piramune Majazathaye Islami Wa Huƙuƙe Bashar, Qom, Arghawan Danish, bugu na 1, 1429H.
  • Najafi, Muhammad Hassan, Jawahirul Kalam, bincike: Ibrahim Sultani Nasab, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turas al-Arabi, 1362Sh.
  • Sajjadi, Farhange Ma'arife Islami, Tehran, Kumish, 1373Sh.
  • Shahidus Sani, Zainud-Din Bin Ali, Ar-Raudatul Bahiyya fi Sharhi al-Lum'at Ad-Dimashƙiyya, hashiya da sharhi: Kalanter, Qom, Kitabfurushiye Davari, bugu na 1, 1410H.
  • Shahidus Sani, Zainud-Din Bin Ali, Masalikul Afham ila Tanƙih Shara'i' al-Islam, Qom, Cibiyar Al-Ma'arif al-Islamiyya, bugu na 1, 1413H.
  • Shaik Mufid, Muhammad Bin Muhammad, Al-Muƙni'a, Qom, Jama'at al-Mudarrisin fi al-Hauzat al-Ilmiyyah bi Qom, 1410H.
  • Shaik Saduƙ, Muhammad Bin Ali, Man La Yahduruhul Faƙihu, bincike: Ali Akbar Gaffari, Qom, Ofishin Intisharate Islami, bugu na 2, 1413H.
  • Shaik Ɗusi, Muhammad Bin Hassan, An-Nihayatu fi Mujarrad al-Fiƙh wa al-Fatawa, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, bugu na 2, 1400H.
  • "Kano_State_Shari_a_Penal_Code_Law", (Dokar Hukunta Laifuffuka ta Shari’ar Musulunci ta Jihar Kano ta 2000M), ranar ziyara 18 Oktoba 2026M.
  • «شلاق»، (Bulala), gidan yanar gizo na Ayatullahi Makarim Shirazi,Ranar da aka duba: 23 ga Oktoba, 2024M.
  • «فلسفه مجازات علنی در اسلام»، (Falsafar zartar da hukuncio a bayyana), gidan yanar gizo na Ayine Rahmat. Ranar da aka duba: 24 ga Oktoba, 2024M.
  • «اسلام و شلاق»، (Musulunci da bulala), gidan yanar gizo na Din Online.، Ranar da aka duba: 21 ga Oktoba, 2024M.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Daƙiƙa:Bulala&oldid=27280"