Ƙa'idar Luɗufi

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Ƙa'idatul Luɗuf)

Ka'idar luɗufi, (Larabci: قاعدة اللطف) ƙa'ida ce sananiya a cikin ilimin aƙida wato tauhidi, Luɗufi shi ne wani aiki da Allah ta'ala ya wajabatawa kanshi, ba tare da wannan Luɗufi ya yi tasiri a kan iyawar mukallafi ko tilasta masa ba, domin ka'idar tana kiran shi da yin ɗa'a da barin saɓawa Allah, ta yadda za ta ƙara kusantar da shi ga bin umurnin Allah ta'ala da nesantar aikata haninsa.

Mafi yawan malaman tauhidi na Mu'utazila da Imamiyya sun yi imani da wannan ka'ida, amma malaman tauhidi na Asha'ira sun yi saɓa da su. kamar yadda malaman imamiyya sun yi amfani da wannan ƙa'ida wajan bayanin abubuwa na aƙidun musulunci daga ciki akwai: abin da yake wajibi a shari'a da kuma turo Annabawa da larurar naɗa imami ma'asumi, har ila yau wasu malaman fiƙihu na shi'a sun yi anfani da wannan ƙa'ida domin tabbatar da riƙo da Ijma'i ko hujjar Ijima'i.

Ma'ana

Abin da ake nufi da Ka'idar luɗufi shi ne duk abin da ke kwadaitar da mukallafi zuwa ga ɗa'a da barin saɓo, ta yadda za ta kusantar da shi zuwa ga aiki da umurnin Allah Madaukakin Sarki da nesantar aikata abubuwan da ya hana, [1]misali: wajibcin taklifin shari'a da aiko Annabawa; Ta hanyarsu ne mutum zai iya sanin ayyukansa na addini.[2]

Luɗufi a wajen malaman tauhidi yana daga cikin sifofin Allah na aiki.[3] Shi wani abu ne da Allah yake yi ga mutum domin kusantar da shi zuwa ga biyayya gare shi da kuma nisantar da shi daga saɓo, ba tare da cewa shi wannan Luɗufi ya rage ƙudarar mutum ba ko tilasta shi.[4]

Luɗufi na Allah yana da ma'ana da yawa a cikin ayoyi na Alƙur'ani da riwayoyi,[5] daga cikinsu; ilimi mai amfani,[6] tsarkake Allah daga jiki[7] ba zai yiwu ba a san haƙiƙanin zatin Allah[8] tausayi yayin halitta da kuma gudanarwa,[9] ihsani da kyauta.[10]

Raba-raban Luɗufi

Luɗufi ya kasu gida biyu luɗufi Almuhassal da alluɗufi Muƙarrib[11] shi Luɗuful Muhassil shi wanda idan akwai shi zai sa bawa ya zamo mai bin Allah bisa zaɓin shi, idan ya zamo ba shi, to bawa ba zai bi ubangijin shi ba, amma shi luɗuful Almuƙarrib shi ne wanda yake sa bawa kusa da yin aikin biyayya ga ubangiji.[12]

Waɗanda Suka Yarda da Ka'idar Luɗufi Da Waɗanda Basu Yarda Da Ita Ba

Malaman aƙida sun yi saɓani kan yarda da rashin yarda da ƙa'idatul luɗuf, Mu'utazila da Shi'a Imamiyya sun yi imani da ƙa'idatul Luɗuf kuma sun kafa hujja kan hakan da dalili na Hankali da kuma ayoyi da hadisi, amma Asha'ira sun yi watsi da wannan ƙa'ida sun ce tana da matsala ba bu wani abu luɗufi da ya wajabta a kan Allah maɗaukakin sarki.[13]

Dalili Na Hankali Kan Ka'ida luɗufi

Dalili na hankali kan ƙa'idatul luɗuf shi ne siffantuwar Allah da sifa ta hikima, saboda shi mai hikima ba ya yin abu saɓanin hadafi, saboda shi Allah ya halicci mutum ne domin biyayya gare shi, idan Allah ya san cewa mutum ba zai zaɓi ya yi biyayya gare shi ba kuma ba zai kusanci biyayya ba har sai Allah ya yi wani aiki ba tare da wahala ba gare shi mutumin, wanda saboda shi ne zai bi Allah,to wajibi ne bisa hikimar Allah ya yi wannan aiki, amma idan ya zamo bai yi wannan aikin ba, to zai bayyana cewa ba shi da niyyar shiriyar da ɗan Adam. ga ƙarin bayanin wannan dalili kamar haka:

  • Allah mai hikima ne
  • Shi mai hikima ba ya yin abin da zai lalata hadafin shi.
  • Allah ya halicci ɗan Adam domin ya masa ɗa'a (bauta).
  • Ba zai yi wu ba ɗan adam ya bi Allah ba tare da luɗufinsa ba.
  • Wajabtawa ɗan Adam yin biyayya ba tare da luɗufi ba ruguje hadafi ne.
  • Saboda haka shi luɗufi wajibi ne kan Allah.[14]

Ishkalin Asha'ira Kan Ka'idar Luɗufi

Asha'ira sun tafi kan rashin wajabcin ƙa'idatul luɗuf a kan Allah ta'ala, saboda haka zai tilasta cewa hankali shi ne a sama da Allah, alhalin shi Allah shi ne kaɗai tilo mabuwayi, kuma shi ne sama kan kowa da komai.[15] to amma waɗanda suka yi imani da wannan ƙa'ida ta luɗufi sun ba wa Asha'ira amsa da cewa wajabcin luɗufi ba ya nufin cewa mutum zai tilastawa Allah yin luɗufi, a a ba haka bane shi hankalin ɗan Adam ta hanyar tinani a cikin siffofin Allah kamar ilimi da hikima da adala, yana fahimtar wajabcin luɗufi kan Allah mai tsarki.[16]

Rawar Da Wannan Ka'ida Take Takawa A Ilimin Aƙida

a cikin ilimin aƙida akwai abubuwa waɗanda ake ɗabbaƙa ƙa'idatul luɗuf kuma akwai wasu ayyuka da take yi, waɗanda suka yarda da wannan ƙa'ida su na ganin wannan gurare da ake ɗabbaƙa ta su ne kamar haka:

  • Wajabcin taklifi na shari'a: ana la'akari da taklifin shari'a kamar haramcin zalinci da wajabcin sallah da cewa wannan ludufi ne, saboda shi taklifi ya na kusantar da mutane ga aikata wajibi na hankali kamar rashin kyan zalinci da kuma kyawun godiya ga Allah.
  • Aiko annabawa: aiko annabawa ana la'akari da shi a matsayin luɗufi daga Allah ga bayinshi saboda abubuwa guda biyu, na farko suna isar da hukunce-hukunce na Allah zuwa ga mutane kuma suna da babbar rawar da suke takawa wajan koyar da mutane da kuma tsarkakesu,da kuma tsaida adalaci a cikin mutane,abu na biyu shi ne cewa samuwar annabawa sanadin kusantar mutane ne zuwa ga Allah da kuma nisantar saɓawa Allah.
  • Annabawa ba sa aikata zunubi: ya kamata Annabawa su zamo waɗanda ba sa aikata zunubi, saboda idan mutane suka ga Annabawa suna aikata saɓo da zunubi da abin da bai dace ba, to lalle za su nisance su, amma idan mutane suka ga annabawa ba sa aikata saɓo kuma suka gan su tsarkakku to lalle za su kusanci biyayya ga Allah da kuma biyya ga su kan su annabawan.
  • Naɗa imami wanda baya saɓo: shi'a imamiyya sun yi ittifaƙi kan hakkin naɗa imami kan Allah mai tsarki, saboda naɗa shi ya na kusantar da mutane zuwa ga biyayya ga Allah kuma ya na nesantar da su daga saɓo.
  • Tilascin alƙawarin lada da azaba: waɗanda suka tafi kan adalci wato Mu'utazila da Imamiyya sun yi ittfaƙi kan wajabcin bada lada ga wasu mutane da kuma azabtar da wasu mutane kan Allah maɗaukaki, kuma saboda lada da kuma azaba mutane za su zamo masu ɗabi'a mai kyau kuma za su sauke nauyi da ya hau kan su na hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.[17]

ɗabbaƙa Wannan Ka'ida A Cikin Ilimin Usulul Fiƙihi

Malamai da dama na Usulul Fiƙihi sun amfana da ƙa'idatul luɗuf wajen tabbatar da hujjar ijma'i, daga cikinsu akwai: Sayyid Murtada (Rayuwa: 355-436 h. ƙ), Shaikh Ɗusi (Rayuwa: 385-460 h. ƙ), da Shaikh Karajki (Wafati: 449 h. ƙ). Hujjarsu akan haka: shi cewa idan ra'ayin kowa kuskure ne, to lallai ne Imami ma'asumi bisa ka'idar luɗuf ya bayyana ra'ayinsa ta ko wace hanya da yake ganin zai yiwu ya gyara domin hana wannan ijma'i; Da yake babu wani ra'ayi da ya saɓa wa ijma'i, to ya zamana cewa Imam ya yarda da wannan ra'ayin, don haka kasantuwar ijma'i a mahanga guda yana nuni da cewa ma'asumi ya gamsu da shi.[20]

Wasu malamai ba su yarda da wannan magana ba, daga cikinsu akwai: Shaikh Al-Ansari (1214 - 1281 Hijira),[21] Shaikh Muhammad Hussaini Al-Na'ini (1276 - 1355 Hijira),[22] da Akun Al-Kurasani (1255). 1329 Hijira).[23]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 104-105; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Mahassal, shafi na 481-482.
  2. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 114-116.
  3. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 120-124.
  4. ↑ Allamah Al-Hlli, Minhaj al-yaqin, shafi na 387; Allama Al-Hali, Kafsh al-Morad, shafi na 444; Al-Fazel al-Maqdad, Irshad al-Talibeen, shafi na 276; Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabar, Al-Mughni, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 9; Ibn Nubakht, Al-yaqut afi Ilmil Kalam, shafi na 55.
  5. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 120-124.
  6. ↑ Muluk: 14.
  7. ↑ Suratul An'am: 103.
  8. ↑ Babban Du'a'u Jushan, sakin layi na 31.
  9. ↑ Babban Du'a'u Jushan, sakin layi na 34.
  10. ↑ Shura: 19.
  11. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul Kalamiyya, shafi na 97-98.
  12. ↑ Al-Mortaza, al-Dukhirah fi il al-kalam, shafi na 176
  13. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 104-105; Al-Fakhr al-Razi, Al-Mafatihul al-Gheeb, juzu'i na 23, shafi na 348; Al-Fakhr Al-Razi, Al-Mahassal, shafi na 481-482.
  14. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul Kalamiyya, shafi na 106.
  15. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul Kalamiyya, shafi na 110.
  16. ↑ Al-Tusi, Talkhis Al-Muhassal, shafi na 302.
  17. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul al-Kalamiyya, shafi na 114-119.
  18. ↑ Kalantari, "Imkan ya Adame Imkan tasarri ka'idati Lutf be mauzu welayat Faqih dar asre Ghaybat," shafi na 15.
  19. ↑ Javadi Al-Amali, Wilayat al-Fiqahih, Wilayat al-uqahah wa Idalah, shafi na 213.
  20. ↑ Al-Rabani Al-Kalbaykani, Al-Qawa'idul Kalamiyya, shafi na 119; Al-Subhani, Al-Mabsut fi Asul al-Fiqh, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 183-187; Rajaei da Momani, "Kareburde ka'ideh Kalami "lutfu" dar usul fikihi", shafi 222-223.
  21. ↑ Al-Ansari, Faraed Al-Usul, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 84.
  22. ↑ Al-Naini, Fawa'idul al-Usul, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 150.
  23. ↑ Al-Akhund Al-Khorasani, Kefaya Usul, shafi na 291.

Nassoshi

"Alkur'ani mai girma"

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