Takririn Ma’asumi

Daga wikishia

Takririn Ma’asumi (Larabci: تقرير المعصوم) shine yin Ma'sumi (A.S) kan wata Magana ko wani aiki da wani ko wasu suka yi a gaban idonsa sannan yin shirun ya nuna ya yarda da wannan Magana ko aiki, shi takririn da zantukansa da aikinsa sune ake kira da sunna, ita sunna daya daga cikin tushe hudu ce da ake ciro hukuncin shari’a daga cikinsu, a mahangar shi’a hakika takririn Ma’asumi shine takririn Annabi (S.A.W) da Fatima Azzahra (S) da Imamai goma sha biyu (A.S).

Kamar yanda Malaman ilimin Usulul fikhi suka tafi kai: shi takririn Ma’asumi yana zama dalili ne cikin wasu kebantattun sharudda daga cikinsu akwai shine lurar Ma’asumi kan aiki da akayi da kuma kasancewa yanada damar bayyana ra’ayinsa kan wannan aiki, dalilin hujjar takririn Ma’asumi ya kasance da wannan bayani kamar: wajibi ne kan Ma’asumi ya yi hani da mummuna, hakika barin yin hakan yana cin karo da isma.

Sanin ma’ana

Takririn Ma’asumi, bayani ne kan shirun Ma'asumi (A.S) kan Magana da aiki da wani ya yi a gaban idonsa. [1] a cikin ilimin Usulul fikhi takririn Ma’asumi karkashin wasu sharudda yana shiryarwa kan halascin ko inganci Magana da aiki da akai a gaban idonsa [2] da wannan dalili ne ya zama wajibi kan Ma’asumi ya kwabi ya hani mai aikata laifi, idan kuma mai aikata lefin yana yi cikin rashin sani sai ya fadakar da shi ya nusantar da shi hanyar daidai. [3] Misali, idan wani mutum ya yi alwala agaban Ma’asumi sannan kuma bai ce komai kan alwalar da wancan mutumi ya yi ba, wannan shirun da ya yi ana kirga ga matsayin takriri da yarda da aiki da ingancinsa [4] a lugga a kiran takriri da ma’anar yarda da giyan baya. [5]

Matsayi

Takririn Ma’asumi yana daga cikin mau’du’an ilimin Usulul fikhi [6] misalin zance da aikin Ma’asumi duka suna daukar ma’anar sunna [7] ita suna tare take da Alkur’ani da hankali da Ijma’i, sune abubuwan da ake kira tushe na asali da ake tsamo hukunce-hukuncen addini daga cikinsu.[8] Hakika takriri bai kebantu da `yan shi’a ba, suma Ahlus-sunna idan za su fitar da hukuncin shari’a suna jingina da takriri [9] `yan Shi’a suna daukar takririn Annabi (S.A.W) Hazrat Fatima (S) da Imamai goma sha biyu (A.S) matsayin dalili da hujja, [10] amma a wurin Ahlus-sunna kadai takririn Annabi (S.A.W) yake hujja [11] da dalili, amma kuma a mahangar ba’ari daga cikinsu takririn Halifa na farko da Halifa na biyu dama dukkanin Sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) hujja ne. [12]

Dalilai Kan Kasancewar Takririn Ma’asumi a Matsayin Hujja

Domin tabbatar hujjar takiririn Ma’asumi akwai dalilai kamar haka: wasu ba’ari sun tafi kan cewa mukami da matsayin Ma’asumi (A.S) yana nuni kan cewa suna kan matsayin masu gadi da kula da addini da haddufansa, saboda haka ba zai yiwu su yi shiru kan duk wata Magana ko wani aiki da ya sabawa addini ba. [13] Wasu ba’arin Malamai sun kafa dalili da cewa shi umarni da kyakkaywa da hani da mummuna wajibi ne, kasancewa ba zai taba yiwuwa Ma’asumi ya bar aiki wajibi ba saboda haka shirunsa kan aiki ko wata Magana da wani ya yi a gabansa kuma yana halin bayyana ra’ayinsa to lallai hakan na nuna cewa wannan aiki da akayi a gaban idonsa ya halasta kuma ya ingantu.[14]

Nau’o’in Takriri

A aba’arin wasu rubututtukan Usul, ya bayyana cewa shi takriri ya dangata da aiki da aka yi shiru a kansa, nau’uka biyu akwai na aiki da kuma na maganako kuma muce takriri na hukunci, [15] wani bangaren kuma akwai takriri na Akida da wannan ne aka kara masa kashi biyu [16] ma;ana wani mutum mai wata akida da wasu kebantattun akidu misali sai wannnan mutumin ya yi Magana kan mas’alar da ta shafi Imani da samuwar Allah da Ma'ad ranar tashin Alkiyama gaban Ma’asumi sai ya zamana Ma’asumi ya yi shiru.[17]

Sharuddan takriri

Malaman ilimin Usulul Fikhi suna cewa shirun Ma’asumi kan wani aiki ko wata Magana idna kasance karkashin wadannan sharudda da za su so to yana kasancewa hujja alal misali:

  • ya zama cewa Ma’asumi ya fadaku da aiki ko Magana da akayi a gabansa. [18]
  • ya zamana yana da damar bayyana ra’ayi cikin aiki ko maganar alal misali, mutumin da ya aikata wani aiki a gaban Ma’asumi bai zamana ya gaggauta barin wurin ba. [19]
  • ya zama babu wani abu da ya hana shi ko shinge shi daga bayyana ra’ayi, misali kada ya zamana Imam (A.S) ya yi shiru saboda kare ransa ko rayukan `yan shi’arsa.[20]
  • ya zama bai yi wata Magana da take raddin aiki ko Magana gabanin faruwarsu ba. [21]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Muzaffar, Usulul Fikhi, Ismailian, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 66.
  2. ↑ Muzaffar, Usulul Fikhi, Ismailian, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 66.
  3. ↑ Shirvani, Tahrir Usul Fiqh, 1385, shafi na 211-210; Muzaffar, Usulul Fikhi, Ismailian, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 66.
  4. ↑ Asghari, Usul al-Fiqh ba-sharh Farsi, 2006, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 133.
  5. ↑ Asghari, Usul al-Fiqh ba-sharh Farsi, 2006, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 133
  6. ↑ Bahrani, Sharh Al-Asul, 1428H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15.
  7. ↑ Bahrani, Sharh al-Usul, 1428 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15.
  8. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharh Usul Fiqh, 2007, juzu'i na 3, shafi.285; Shahabi, Tavratat Usul, 1321, shafi na 15.
  9. ↑ Abu Shahba, al-Wasit fi Ulum wa-Musdalahul Hadis, Darul Fikr al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 204.
  10. ↑ Mohagheq Damad, Mabahsi Az Usul Fiqh, 1362, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 45.
  11. ↑ Abu Shahba, al-Wasit fi Ulum wa-Musdalahul Hadis, Darul Fikr al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 204.
  12. ↑ Mousavi Bojanvardi, Ilmul Usul, 1379, shafi na 286-287.
  13. ↑ Cibiyar Bayanin Musulunci da Takardu, Kamus na Usul Fiqh, 2009, shafi na 399; Shahrkani, Al-Mofid, 1430 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 91-93.
  14. ↑ Mohaghegh Damad, Mbahisi Az Usul Fiqh, 1362, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 48-50.
  15. ↑ Shirvani, Tahrir Usul Fiqh, 1385, shafi na 211.
  16. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharh Usul Fiqh, 1387, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 111.
  17. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharh Usul Fiqh, 1387, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 111.
  18. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharh Usul Fiqh, 1387 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 111-112.
  19. ↑ Asghari, Usul al-Fiqh Ba-sharh Farsi, 2006, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 133.
  20. ↑ Mohammadi, Sharh Usul Fiqh, 1387H, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 112.
  21. ↑ Naraghi, Anis al-Mujtahdin, 2008, juzu'i na 1, shafi.334; Naraghi, Tajrid al-Asul, 2004, shafi na 71; Ansari, taqaitaccen Kulasatul Al-Qawanin, 1397H, shafi na 134.

Nassoshi

  • Abu Shahba, Muhammad bin Muhammad, al-Wasit fi Ululm wa-Musdalahatul Hadis, Alkahira, Darul Fikr al-Arabi, Bita.
  • Asghari, Abdullah, Usul al-Fiqah (Ba-sharh Farsi), Qum, bugu na biyu, 2006.
  • Ansari, Ahmed, Kulasatul Al-Qawanin, Qum, Al-Mattaba Al-Alamiya, bugu na biyu, 1397H.
  • Bahrani, Mohammad Sanqour Ali, Sharh al-Usul Min Halak al-Thaniyyah, Qum, wanda marubucin ya buga, bugu na uku, 1428H.
  • Shahabi, Mahmoud, Sharh "Usul", Tehran, bugun Haj Mohammad Ali Elmi, bugu na bakwai, 1321.
  • Shahrkani, Ibrahim Ismail, al-Mufid fi Sharh Usul al-Fiqh, Kum, bugun Dhuwi al-Qorbi, 1430H.
  • Shirvani, Ali, Tahrir Usul Fiqh, Qom, Darul Alam, bugu na biyu, 2005.
  • Mohaghig Damad, Mustafa, Mabahisi Az Usulul fikhi, Tehran, Cibiyar Buga Ilimin Musulunci, 1362.
  • Mohammadi, Ali, Sharh Usul Fiqh, Qom, Dar al-Fekr, bugu na 10, 2007.
  • Cibiyar Bayani da Takardu na Musulunci, Kamus na Ka'idodin Fikihu, Qom, Cibiyar Bincike na Kimiyya da Al'adun Musulunci, 2009.
  • Muzaffar, Mohammadreza, Usul al-Fiqh, Kum, Esmailian, Bita.
  • Mousavi Bejnvardi, Mohammad, Ilmu Usul, Tehran, Imam Khomeini Editing and Publishing Institute, 1379.
  • Naraghi, Mohammad Mahdi bin Abizar, Anis al-Mujtahidin, Qom, Bostan Kitab, 2008.
  • Naraghi, Mohammad Mahdi bin Abizar, Tajrid al-Asul, Qum, Seyyed Morteza Publishing House, 2004.
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