Bambanci tsakin sauye-sauye na "Annabawa"

:''wannan wata ƙasida ce da aka yi ta dangane da adadin annabawa, mu'ujiza, muƙami da shari'ar da aka aikowa musu. Domin sanin sauran bahasosi da suke da dangantaka da annabta ku duba: annabta

Annabawa wasu mutane ne waɗanda ta hanyarsu ne Allah yake kiran mutane zuwa gare shi, Allah ya na alaƙa da annabawansa ta hanyar wahayi.''

Isma, tsinkaye kan ilimin gaibu, mu'ujiza, karɓar wahayi (Wahayin shari'a da wahayin bayani) suna daga cikin siffofin annabawa. Cikin kur'ani an ambaci wasu ba'arin mu'ujizojin annabawa misalin sanyaya wuta ga annabi (a.s) canja sandar musa zuwa ga macizai, raya matattu ta hannun annabi isa (a.s) da tsaga wata da ta faru ta hannun annabin muslunci (s.a.w).

Kur'ani ya tabbatar da fifitar ba'arin annabawa kan wasu ba'ari, wasu annabawa ƙari kan muƙamin annabta sun kasance manzanni ma'abota shari'a, wasu kuma sun kasance tare da muƙamin imamanci. Kan asasin abin da ya zo daga riwayoyi haƙiƙa annabawa ulul azmi ma'ana annabi nuhu (a.s), annabi ibrahim (a.s), annabi musa (a.s), annabi isa (a.s) da annabi muhammad (s.a.w) sun fifita kan dukkanin annabawa, sannan kuma shi annabi muhammad (s.a.w) yana da fifiko kan bakiɗayansu. Haka nan cikin annabawa, annabi shisu (a.s), annabi idrisu (a.s), annabi musa (a.s) annabi isa (a.s) annabi muhammad (s.a.w) annabawa ne da suke aka saukar musu da littafi daga sama, haka zalika annabawa ulul azmi suma annabawa ne da aka saukar musu da shari'a.

Kan asasin mahangar mashhur ɗin malaman muslunci, adadin annabawa ya kai dubu ɗari da ashirin da huɗu. Sunayen annabawa 26 ne ya zo cikin kur'ani, annabi adam shi ne annabi na farko, sannan annabi muhammad (s.a.w) shi ne annabi na ƙarshe da babu wani annabi da zai zo a bayansa.

Malaman shi'a sun yi rubuce-rubuce dangane da tarihin annabawa, tare da wallafa litattafai masu zaman kansu kan wannan maudu'i. An-nurul mubin fi ƙisasul al-anbiya'i wal-mursalin, na sayyid ni'imatullahi jaza'iri, ƙisasul al-anbiya'i na rawandi, Tanzihul al-anbiya'i na sayyid murtada da hayatul al-ƙulubi na allama majlisi, suna daga cikin litattafai da aka wallafa game da tarihin  rayuwar annabawa.

== Annabawa ==

:Tushen ƙasida: Annbata

Annabi shi ne mutumin da yake samun saƙo daga Allah ba tare da tsanantuwa da wani mutum ba.[1] shi annabi shi ne tsani  na kasancewa tsakanin Allah da halittunsa, kuma shi ne wanda yake kiran halittu zuwa ga Allah.[2]

Karɓar saƙon wahayi, ilimin gaibu,[3] da isma,[4] samun amsa addu'a,[5] suna daga cikin siffofin annabawa, galibin malaman kalam na muslunci sun yi amanna da cewa su annabawa mutane ne ma'asumai katangaggu daga aikata duk wani nau'in zunubi a cikin bakiɗayan marhalolin rayuwarsu,[6] da wannan dalili wurare daga kur'ani da maganar istigfari da gafarar Allah kan wasu annabawa ta zo kan wani aiki da suka aikata,[7] misalin kisan bamisre da annabi musa (a.s) ya yi,[8] aje saƙo da annabi yunus (a.s),[9] ya yi, da cin ɗan itaciya da annabi adam (a.s) ya yi bayan an hana shi ci,[10] malamai sun fassara wannan ayyuka da tarkul aula (barin aikata abin da yafi dacewa ace an aikata) kishiyar wannan magana, wasu ba'arin malaman kalam, suna ganin cewa annabawa ma'asumai kaɗai cikin abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da dangantaka da annabtarsu, amma cikin fagen rayuwar ta bil'adama ta yau da kullum lallai suna iya aikata kuskure da rafkana.[11]

=== Sunayen Annabawa Da Adadinsu ===

Dangane da adadin annabawa akwai riwayoyi daban-daban, allama ɗabaɗaba'i bisa dogara da shahararriyar riwaya ya naƙalto cewa adadin annabawa ya kai dubu ɗari da ashirin da huɗu,[12]  kan asasin wannan riwaya annabawa 313 sun kasance manzanni, sannan kuma 600 sun kasance annabawan da aka aiko ga bani isra'il, huɗu daga cikinsu watau annabi hudu (a.s), annabi salihu (a.s), annabi shu'aibu (a.s) da annabi muhammad (s.a.w) sun kasance daga larabawa,[13] cikin wata riwaya an ambaci cewa adadin annabawa mutum dubu takwas[14], wata kuma ɗari uku ashirin,[15] a wani ƙaulin kuma an ambaci dubu ɗari da arba'in da huɗu.[16] Allama majlisi yana tsammanin cewa adadin dubu takwas yana da alaƙa ne manyan annabawa,[17] na farkonsu annabi adam (a.s),[18] na ƙarshensu kuma shi ne annabi muhammad.[19]

Kur'ani ya kawo sunayen ba'arin annabawa,[20] adam (a.s), nuhu (as.) idrisu (a.s), hudu (a.s), salihu (a.s), ibrahim (a.s) luɗ (a.s), isma'il (a.s), alyasa'u (a.s), zul kifili (a.s) ilyasu (a.s), yunus (a.s) is'haƙ (a.s), yaƙub (a.s), yusuf (a.s), shu'aibu (a.s), musa (a.s) haruna (a.s), dawud (a.s, sulaiman (a.s), ayyub (a.s), zakariyya (a.s), yahaya (a.s), isa (a.s) da muhammad (s.a.w) annabawa ne da sunayensu ya zo cikin kur'ani.[21] ba'arin malaman tafsiri sun yi amanna kan cewa sunan isma'il ɗan hizƙilu [tsokaci 1] shima ya zo a cikin kur'ani.[22]

Wasu ba'ari sun tafi kan cewa haƙiƙa kur'ani ya ambaci ba'arin siffofin wasu annabawa misalin armaya'u (a.s) da shamu'il (a.s), sai dai cewa bai ambaci sunayensu ba.[23] a cikin kur'ani akwai sura sukutun ɗauke da sunan suratul anbiya da wasu adadin surori ɗauke da sunan yunus, hudu, yusuf, ibrahim, muhammad da nuhu.

Cikin riwayoyi an kawo sunayen wasu annabawa daga shisu,[24] hizƙilu,[25] habaƙuƙ,[26] daniyal,[27] jirjisu,[28] azizu,[29] hanzalatu,[30] armaya'u,[31] akwai saɓani cikin annabawa akwai mutane misalin khidir,[32] khalid ɗan sinan,[33] zil ƙarnaini[34], a cewar allama ɗabaɗaba'i azizu yana cikin mutane da babu cikakken bayani kan kasancewarsa annabi.[35] kan asasin bayanan kur'an, ba'arin annabawa sun rayu tare a zamani ɗaya; daga jumlarsu musa da haruna[36] ibrahim da luɗ[37] duka sun kasance a zamani ɗaya. Haka nan a rahotannin ba'arin riwayoyi za a fahimci cewa wasu annabawa sun rayu tare a zamani ɗay, alal misali sayyid ibn ɗawus cikin littafin Alluhuf ya naƙalto riwaya daga imam hassan (a.s) lokacin d ayake niyyar fita daga garin makka zuwa kufa daidai lokacin da yake magana da abdullahi ɗan umar ya ce: shin kasancewa bani isra'il ya kai ga cewa daga hudowar rana zuwa faɗuwarta suna kashe annabawa ɗaiɗai har guda saba'in, sannan suna cigaba da harkon rayuwarsu ba tare da jin sun aikata wani abu mai mugun muni ba; kai kace babu wani mummunan abu da ya faru?!.[38] a wata riwaya a d ata zo a littafin majma'ul al-bayan an naƙalto daga annabi (s.a.w) ya cewa abu ubaida jarra: ya abu ubaida! Bani isra'ila cikin yini guda sun kasance suna kashe annabawa ɗaidai har guda 43 a lokaci ɗay, bayan nan sai aka samu adadin mutane guda 112 sun miƙe gaban makasan annabawa domin umarni da kyakkyawa da hani da munkari, sai dai cewa suma waɗannan bayin Allah bau tsira ba daga ƙarshe su ma kashe su suka yi.[39]

==== Darajoji Da Martabobi ====

Kan asasin ayar  (وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ) (haƙiƙa mun fifita ba'arin annabawa kan ba'ari)[81] ta bayyana cewa muƙami da matsayin annabawa bai kasance bai ɗaya ba, wasu ba'arin daga cikinsu sun fifita kan ba'ari, cikin hadisai ya zo cewa muƙamin annabi akram (s.a.w) ya fifita daga na sauran annabawa.[82]{Tsokaci 2] a aƙidar yahudawa annabawan bani isra'il suna da fifiko kan sauran annabawa, sannan kuma annabi musa (a.s) yana da fifiko kan annabawan bani isra'il.[83]

==== Ulul Azmi ====

:Tushen ƙasida: Ulul Azmi

A cewar allama ɗabaɗaba'i abin da ake nufi da azmi a cikin aya ta 35 suratul ahƙaf, shi ne shari'a, sannan abin da ake nufi daga ulul azmi annabawa ma'abota shari'a. A ra'ayin malamin annabawan da aka basu shari'a sune nuhu (a.s), ibrahim, musa (a.s) isa (a.s) da muhammad (s.a.w) su ne dai ake kira da ulul azmi[84] wasu malamai sun tafi kan cewa ulul azmi bai kaɗaita cikin annabawan da aka basu shari'a ba.[85] kan asasin wata riwaya, annabawa ulul azmi suna da fifiko kan sauran annabawa.[86]

==== Muƙamin Risala ====

Kan dogara da magana mashhur ɗin malama, “Nabiyyu” wata ma'ana ce gamammiya daga “Rasul” kowanne rasul (Manzo) annabi ne amma ba kowanne annabi ne manzo ba.[87] kan asasin wani hadisi, annabawa 313 sun kasance manzanni.[88] ba'arin bambance-bambance tsakanin annabi da manzo sun kasance kamar haka:

*Manzo ana masa wahayi cikin mafarki da faɗake, amma shi annabi kaɗai cikin mafarki yake samun wahayi.[89]

* Wahayi ya na zuwa ga manzo ta hanyar jibrilu, amma wahayi yana isa ne ga annabi ta hanyar sauran mala'iku da jibrilu ba, ko kuma jefa masa ilhma cikin zuciya ka mafarki na gaskiya.[90]

*Manzo ƙari kan muƙamin annabta da yake da shi, yana itmamu hujjat (dalilin yankan shakku).[91]

* Manzo shi ne wanda aka bawa shari'a kuma shi ne wanda yake sanya hukunce-hukunce, amma shi annabi yana gadi da kulawa ne da shari'ar wani annabin daban. ɗabarsi ya danganta wannan magana zuwa ga jahiz.[92] na'am ba'arin malaman tafsiri misalin ɗabarsi, suna ganin nabiyyu da rasul lafuzza guda biyu masu ma'anoni biyu makusantan juna.[93]

==== Annabawan Shari'a Da Annabawan Isar Da Saƙo ====

==== Muƙamin Imamanci ====

Kan asasin ayar ibtila'in ibrahim, ba'arin annabawa da sum kasance tare da muƙamin imamanci,[98] cikin ba'arin riwayoyi muƙamin imamanci ya fifita kan muƙamin annabt, saboda wanann muƙami an baiwa ibrahim (a.s) shi ne a ƙarshen rayuwarsa bayan aiko shi annabi.[99][Tsokaci 3] cikin suratul anbiya annabi ibrahim (a.s), annabi is'haƙ (a.s), annabi yaƙub (a.s) da annabi luɗ (a.s) an gabatar da su matsayin imamai[100] a cikin wani hadisi daga imam sadiƙ (a.s), bakiɗayan annabawa ulul azmi sun kasance tare da muƙamin ulul azmi.[101]

==== Fifikonsu Kan Mala'iku ====

A cewar shaik mufid, imamiyya da ahlul-hadis daga ahlus-sunna suna ganin fifikon muƙamin annabawa kan mala'iku, sai dai kuma galibin mu'utazilawa daga ahlus-sunna sun yi imani da fifikon mala'iku kan annabawa.[102] cikin ba'ari daga hadisai haƙiƙa muƙamin annabin muslunci (s.a.w) da muƙamin imamai goma sha biyu ya fifita kan mala'iku.[103]

==== Annabawan Ma'abota Littafi ====

Adadin annabawa da aka saukar musu littafi daga sama; bisa dogara abin d aya zo a ayoyin kur'ani, zabura ita ce littafin annabi dawud (a.s) attaura annabi musa (a.s)[tsokaci 4] linjila (bible) annabi isa (a.s)[105] kur'ani kuma annabi muhammad (s.a.w), kur'ani littafi bai ambaci littafin da aka saukarwa annabi ibrahim (a.s) ba, sai dai ya ambaci “Suhuf” gareshi.[107] haka nan kan asasin abin da ya zo a wani hadisi, Allah ya aikowa da annabi shisu (a.s) sahifa guda 50, annabi idrisu (a.s) guda 30, annabi ibrahim (a.s) guda 20.[108]

Malaman tafsiri tare da jingina da ayar: “Abin da aka yi wa nuhu wasiyya da shi daga addini, an shar'anta muku shi, da abin da aka maka wahayinsa, abin da muka yi wasicci da shi ga ibrahim, musa da isa”[109] annabi nuhu (a.s) annabi ibrahim (a.s), annabi musa (a.s), annabi isa (a.s) da annabi muhammad (s.a.w) annabawa ne da aka aiko musu da shari'a.[110] cikin ba'arin riwayoyi, dalilin gabatar da waɗannan annabawa matsayin ulul azmi ya faru ne saboda shari'ar da take tare da su.[111]

Allama ɗabaɗaba'i ya ce kowanne mutum ɗaya daga cikin annabawa ulul azmi ya kasance yana da shari'a tasa mai cin gashin kanta.[112] kuma litattafan sauran annabawa waɗanda ba ulul azmi ba misalin dawud (a.s)[113] annabi shisu (a.s) da annabi idrisu (a.s), litattafai ne da basa cin karo da keaɓantuwar shari'ar litattafan da aka saukarwa da annabawa ulul azmi; saboda su litattafan annabawa da ba ulul azmi ba basu ƙunshi hukunce-hukunce da shari'a ba.[115]

==== Mujizoji ====

Mu'ujiza, ɗaya daga hanyoyin bambance annabawa na gaskiya daga masu da'awar annabta bisa ƙarya, ita mujiza wani aiki da ya shallake abin da aka saba da shi da Allah yake gudanar da ita ta hannun annabi tana kasancewa ne tare da da'awar annabta da kuma yin ƙalubale.[116] kur'ani ya ambaci ba'arin mujizojin annabawa, taguwar annabi salihu,[117] sanyata wuta kan ibrahim, [118] raya matattun kaji guda huɗu ta hannun ibrahim.[119] mujizoji guda tara na musa (a.s) misalin canja sandarsa zuwa macizai.[120] gangarar idanuwar ruwa ga asbaɗu bani isra'il,[121] tsaga kogi gida biyu da buɗe hanya domin tseratar da bani isra'il,[122] farin hannu,[123] mujizojin isa (a.s) misalinwarkar da marasa lafiya, raya matattu, canja yunɓu zuwa tsuntsaye,[124] mu'ujizojin annabi akram (s.a.w) misalin kur'ani,[125] da tsaga wata[126] suna daga cikin shahararrun mu'ujizozjin annabawa da aka yi ishara da nuni zuwa kansu, ibn jauzi ya naƙalto mu'ujizoji ɗai-ɗai har guda 1000 na annabi (s.a.w) daga madogaran da aka yi magana kansu.[127]

Bambantuwar mu'ujizozji ya faru ne daaga bambantuwar ilimi da buƙatun mutane cikin mabambantan zamani da lokuta, hikimar Allah tana hukunta mu'ujizar kowanne annabi ta zama ta dace da buƙatun mutanensa, alal misali a zamanin annabi musa (a.s) sihiri da tsafi wani abu da ya yi matuƙar yaɗuwa da bazuwa cikin mutanen wannan zamani, sai Allah ya sanya sandar musa matsayin mu'ujiza a gareshi da abokan jayayya z asu gaza kawo wani abu kwatankwacinta, kuma ta zama itmam hujjat (hujjar yanke duk wani uzuri) kan sauran mutane.[128]

==== Irhasat (Alamomi) ====

:Tushen ƙasida: Irhasat

Abubuwan da suke faruwa gabanin aiko da annabawa da manufar samar da yanayi da tanadi ga mutane da zai taimaka musu cikin karɓa da yarda da da'awar annabawa za su yi daga baya,[129] cikin isɗilahin malaman kalam ana kiran wannan abu da sunan irhasat. tseratar da annabi musa (a.s) daga kogin nilu, maganar annabi isa (a.s) yana jinjiri kan shimfiɗar haihuwa,[130] bushewar ƙaramar ƙoramar garin sawa, girgzar katangar kisra, kashe wutar farisa da sauran abubuwa da suka faru a shekarar da aka haifi annabi akram (s.a.w),[131] suna daga cikin irhasat annabawa.

==== Fihirisar Littafi ====

Malaman hadisi, malaman tafsiri da malaman ilimin kalam na muslunci cikin rubuce-rubucensu sun yi talifi batutuwa game da annabawa, allama majlisi ya keɓance mujalladai huɗu cikin biharul al-anwar da ya tattaro riwayoyi da suke da alaƙa da maudu'in annabawa,[132] sannan ya rubuta mujalladai ɗai-ɗai har guda tara game da tarihin annabi akram (s.a.w),[133] haka nan dangane da annabawa akwai litattafai masu zaman kansu da aka rubuta, galibinsu suna ɗauke da taken ƙissoshin annabawa, mafi yawansu suna sharhi ne kan halayen annabawa, a wani lokaci kumaana bahasi na aƙida da suke dangantaka da su, ba'ain waɗannan litattafai sun kasance kamar haka:

* Nurul al-mubin fi ƙisasi al-anbiya'i wal-mursalina: na sayyid ni'imatullahi jaza'iri wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1050-1112 bayan hijira, wannan littafi ya tattare da tarihin rayuwar annabawa waɗanda sunayensu ya zo cikin riwayoyin shi'a, marubucin wannan littafi cikin muƙaddima ya yi bahasosi misalin adadin annabawa, tarayyarsu da juna, annabawa ulul azmi da kuma bambanci da yake tsakanin annabi da imami, ya rubuta wannan littafi ne da harshen larabci, amma an tarjama zuwa harshen farisanci cikin taken “Dastan payambaran ya ƙissahaye kur'an az adam ta khatam”.

* ƙisasul al-anbiya'i rawandi: na ƙuɗubud-dini rawandi. Marubucin littafin ya kawo sharhi da bayanin halayen annabawa  cikin jerantawar gabatar zamani.

*T anzihul anbiyawal a'imma: na sayyid murtada wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 355-436 bayan hijira, ya wallafa wannan littafi domin tabbatar da isma annabawa ya rubuta wannan littafi ne cikin harshen larabci. Marubucin cikin wannan littafi nasa ya tabbatar da isma ga annabawa tare da kore duk wani nau'in kuskure da zunubi babba da ƙarami daga gare su.

* Waƙa'iƙus as-sinin wal-a'awam, na abdul-husaini khatun abadi (Wafati:1105.h.ƙ) littafi ne cikin sashe guda uku. Sashe na farko bahasi ne game da tarihin annabawwa, marubucin ya kawo sunayen annabawa, shekarunsu da ba'arin halayen wasu adadin annabawa, cikin sauran sashe guda biyu ya yi Magana game da abubuwan da suke faru a zamaninsu, an rubuta asalin wannan littafi cikin harshen farisanci.

* Laɗa'if ƙisasil al-anbiya'i alaihimus salam: na sahal ɗan abdullahi tustari (Wafati:238.h.ƙ) wannan littafi tare da amfani da ayoyi da riwayoyi ya yi bahasi kan wasu nuƙɗoɗin rayuwar annabawa.

*Hayatul al-ƙulub: na allama majlisi, (Wafati:1110.h.ƙ) littafi ne da ya tattaro tarihin annabawa da magadansu, cikin wannan littafi allama majlisi ya yi bahasi game a gamagarin annabta, halifancin imam ali (a.s), wajabcin samuwar imami, naɗa shi da kuma isma.

Haka nan kuma litattafan ƙisasul al-anbiya wanda ake kira da ara'isul almajalis na ahmad ɗan Muhammad salabi, da ƙisasul al-anbiya na ibn kasir da ƙisasul anbiya na abu is'haƙ naishaburi daga malaman ahlus-sunna, duka litattafai ne aka wallafa dangane da wannan maudu'i.