Shaikh Mufid

Daga wikishia
(an turo daga Sheik Mufid)
Makwanci Shaik Mufid a cikin Haramin Kazimaini (A.S)

Muhammad Bn Muhammad Bn Nu'uman, (Larabci: محمّد بن محمد بن النعمان) wanda aka fi sani da Shaikh Mufid (336 h kamari ko 338 h kamari - 413 h kamari), ya kasance Malamin Kalam kuma Malamin fikihu na Imamiyya a karni na hudu da karani na biyar. An ce: shaikh Mufid ta hanyar hada ilimin Usulul fikihi, ya gabatar da wata sabuwar hanya a fannin Ijtihadi, wadda ta kasance tsaka-tsaki a kan hanyoyin biyu na masu ɗaukar tsantsar hankali da masu dogaro da Riwayoyi ba tare da la’akari da hankali ba. Shaikh Saduk, Ibn Junaid Iskafi da Ibn Kaulawaihi sune manyan malaman shaikh Mufid. Shaikh Tusi, Sayyid Murtada, Sayyid Radi da Najashi su kuma suna cikin shahararrun ɗalibansa. Al-Muni’a a ilimin fikihu, Awa'il Al-Makalat a ilimin Kalam(Tauhidi) da Al-Ershad a tarihin Imaman Shi’a an ɗaukarsu a matsayin mafi shaharar rubuce rubuce da shaikh Mufid yayi.

Zuriya Da Tarihin Rayuwarsa

An haifi Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Nu'man [1] a ranar 11 ga watan Zil-Kida shekara ta 336 hijiri kamari [2] ko kuma 338 hijiri kamari [3] a Akbari kusa da Bagdad. [4] Mahaifinsa Malami ne, don haka ne ake kiran shaikh Mofid da "Ibn Muallim". Akbari da Baghdadi su ne sauran lakabinsa guda biyu [5] Dangane da lakabin Mufid,wasu sun ce: A cikin muhawarar da ya yi da Masanin kimiya na Mu’utazilawa Ali Bn Isa Romani, ya yi nasarar warware dabaibayin da ya yi masa ta hanyar kawo manyan hujjoji kuma masu karfi, Bayan faruwar haka, Romani ya kira shi Mufid wato "mai amfani". [6] A littattafan tarihi, an ambaci cewa `ya`ya biyu kawai Shaikh Mufid ya haifa, daya shi ne Abu al-kasim Ali, dayan kuma wata yarinya ce wadda ba a ambaci sunanta a cikin littafin tarihi ba, kuma ita ce matar Abu Ya'ala Jafari. [7] shaikh Mufid ya rasu ne a ranar Juma’a ta biyu ko ta uku ga watan Ramadan shekara ta 413 bayan hijira [8] shaikh ɗusi ya bayyana yanda akai cinkoson jama’a daga dukkan addinai da mazhabobi da firkoƙ=ki domin yin sallah da addu’a da makoki a kan rasuwarsa da cewa ba a taba yin irinsa ba.[9] sannan aka kai shi zuwa ga maƙabartar ƙuraishawa, kusa da kabarin Imam Jawad (A.S) a cikin Haramin Kazimaini. [10]

Halaye Da Ɗabi'unsa

An ce Shaikh Mufid yana yawan yin Sadaka, ya kasance mai ƙasƙantar da kai, yana yawan yin Sallah da Azumi na nafila, ba yasa tufafi mai laushi sai mai kaushi na nauyi saboda gudun ruɗin duniya, abinda “shaikh Mashayikh al-Sufiyyah” (shugaban Malaman Sufaye) yace gamadashi ta hanyar [11] Surukinsa Abu Ya’ala Jafari ya ruwaito cewa: Shaikh Mufid yana barci kaɗan da daddare kuma ya shafe mafi yawan lokutan sa da karatun Alkur'ani ko addu'a, ko karatun Alqur'ani, ko karantarwa [12] A cikin wasiƙar da Imam Zaman (A.S) ya rubuta wa shaikh Mofid, ya yi masa laƙabi kamar: Sadid (mai ƙarfi kuma daidaitacce) da kuma wali Rashid.[13]

Ilimin Shaik Mufid

ya karanci Alkur'ani da ilimin firamare a wajen mahaifinsa. Sannan ya tafi Bagdad don ci gaba da karatu tare da mahaifinsa kuma ya amfana da manyan Malaman Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna da Malaman Kalam, Malam Hadisi (tauhidi) da Malaman fikihu. [14] Shaikh Saduk (ya rasu a shekara ta 381 hijiri kamari),da Ibn Junaid Iskafi (ya rasu shekara ta 381 hijiri kamari), da Ibn Kaulawaihi (ya rasu a shekara ta 369 hijiri kamari), da Abu Galib Zarari (ya rasu a shekara ta 368 hijiri kamari) da kuma Abubakar Muhammad Bn Umar Ja'abi (ya rasu a shekara ta 355 hijiri kamari). Suna Malamansa kuma fitattun Malaman Shi’a. [15] Shaikh Mufid ya koyi ilimin tauhidi daga Husayn bin Ali Basri, wanda aka fi sani da Jual, ɗaya daga cikin Manyan malaman Mu'utazilawa, da Abu Yasir, Almajirin wani malamin tauhidi mai suna Abul Jaishi Balaki. Ya kuma halarci zaman karatuttukan Ali Ibn Isa Romani, shahararren malamin Mu’utazila bisa shawarar Abu Yasir.[16] Tun yana dan shekara 40 a duniya ya zama shugaban ‘yan Shi’a a fagen fikihu da kalam (tauhidi) da hadisi, kuma ya kasance yana tafka muhawara da malaman wasu mazhabobi domin kare akidar Shi’a. [17]

Matsayinsa a Ilimi

Kabarin Shaik Mufid a Haramin Kazimaini (A.S)

Kabarin shaikh Mufid yana nan a haramin Kazimaini. Shaikh Tusi a cikin littafinsa mai suna AlFihirisat ya gabatar da Mufid a matsayin mutum mai ƙarfin tinani mai zurfin fahimta kuma mai son ba da amsa ga duk wata tambaya komai girmanta, san nan jagora a ilimin Kalam (tauhidi) da fikihu [18] Ibn Nadim ya ambaci Mufid a matsayin shugaban Malaman tauhidin Shi'a, yana ganinsa a matsayin wanda ya kasance shugaban malaman mazhabar Shi'a ma gaba ɗaya, ya yi wa Malamai da yawa nisa a ilimin Kalam da siffanta shi da cewa baida misali kuma ba zai tab irinsa ba. [19] An dauki shaikh Mufid a Matsayin wakilin Mazhabar shi'a a tauhidi a garin Bagdad baki daya, kuma fitaccen malaminta wanda ya soki tunanin Makarantar kalam ta Qum, [20] An ce mazhabar Bagadaza ta kai ƙololuwarta ne a zamanin shaikh Mufid,[21] Ankawo cewa ya kasance ra'ayin tsakiya tsakanin masu tsananta wa wajan ɗaukan iya hadisi. Da waɗanda suke ɗaukan iya hankali. [22] shaikh Mufid ya tarbiyantar ɗalibai da dama, wasu daga cikinsu mashahuran malaman Shi'a ne. Daga cikin su akwai mutane kamar haka:

*Abul-Fathi Karajeki (ya rasu a shekara ta 449 hijiri kamari).

Rubuce-Rubucensa

Ayatullahi Khamna'i:
“Sheikh Mofid a tsatson malaman Imamiyya ba wai kawai jigo kuma fitaccen malamin tauhidi da fikihu ba, a’a, bayan haka, shi ne ya assasa kuma jagoran wani yunkuri na ilimi da aka samu wanda aka shimfida a fagen ilimin tauhidi da fikihu har zuwa yau a fagen ilimi. Filayen kimiyya na Shi'a, kuma duk da rashin nisantar tarihi, yanki da kuma tasirin makaranta, manyan siffofinsa da layukan siyasa har yanzu suna nan daram. Sheikh Mofid ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ‘yancin kai na mazhabar Ahlul Baiti, da kafa ingantacciyar sigar ilimi da sigar fikihun Shi’a, inda ya samar da hanyar takaitaccen ma’ana tsakanin hankali da nakali a cikin fikihu da tauhidi.

[https://farsi.khamenei.ir/message-content?id=2662

shaikh Mufid ya rubuta littafai da dama, kamar yadda lissafin Najashi ya nuna, akwai littafai da risaloli 175.[24] An ce rabin waɗannan rubuce rubuce kan imamai ne da imamanci [25] Mafi shaharar littafin shaikh Mufid a ilimin fikihu shine AlMukni’a. a ilimin Kalam kuma shi ne Awa'ilul makalat, akan tarihin Imamai kuma shi ne Al'Ershad. [26] An wallafa tarin rubuce-rubucen shaikh Mufid a cikin tarin mujalladi goma sha hudu mai taken ayyukan shaikh Mofid. An buga wannan tarin maj'mu'a cikin shekara ta 1371shamsi don gudanar da taron shaikh Mufid World Congress. [27] wannan Litattafai an yadu a shekara 1371 hijiri shamsi a wani taro na duk duniya Congress Jahani Shaik Mufid

Sabon Tsarin Fikihu

shaikh Mufid ya kafa wata hanya ta daban a Fikihun Shi'a fiye da na magabata. Kamar yadda Subhani da Gurji suka ce: kafin shaikh Mufid, hanyoyin fikihu guda biyu ne suka shahara, hanya ta farko ta ginu ne a kan Riwayoyi ta hanyar wuce gona da iri kuma babu isasshiyar daidaito dangane da sanadi da nassin hadisai. [28] Hanya ta biyu ita ce rashin kula da Ruwayoyi wajan fitar da hukunce-hukuncen hankali, Ko da sun ci karo da nassosin addini Zasu ɗau wannan ƙai'dojin ne su yi amfani dasu kaman kiyasi koda ya ci karo- da ruwayoyi ko ayayoyi [29] shaikh Mufid ya zabi tsaka-tsaki, ya gina wata sabuwar hanya ta fiƙihu wadda aka hada ka'idoji da sharuddan yanke hukunci a hankalce. Bayan haka, ta hanyar waɗannan ƙa'idodin, za a samo hukunce-hukunce daga nassosin addini.[30] Ba tare da an ajiye hankali gefe ba ko ruwayoyi gefe ba . Wato za ai amfani dasu biyun duka.[31] Bayan Shaikh Mufid, Dalibansa Sayyid Murtada sun ci gaba da wannan tafarki a cikin littafin Az-Zari'a ila-Usul Al-Shari'a 'sai shima Shaikh Tusi a cikin littafin Al-Udda fi Usul. [32]

Halartar Mukabaloln Ilimi

Littafin Al-Irshad na Shaik Mufid

A lokacin shaikh Mufid, an gudanar da tataunawar ilimi tsakanin manyan Malamai na makarantun islamiyya daban-daban a birnin Bagdad. Yawancin waɗannan Muhawarori sun gudana ne a gaban Halifofin Abbasiyawa. shaikh Mufid yana halartar wan nan tarurrukan kuma ya mayar da martani ga sukar Mazhabar Shi’a da wasu ke yi. [33] A gidan shaikh Mufid, an gudanar da taron muhawara, inda malaman makarantun Islamiyya daban-daban da suka hada da Mu’utazila, Zaidiyyah, da Isma'iliyyah suka halarta. [34]

Labarin Gyara Kuskure A Cikin Fatawa

Wani rahoto ya nuna cewa shaikh Mufid ya yi kuskure wajen bayar da fatawa kuma Imam Zaman (A.S) ya gyara masa ita [35] An ce mafi dadewar littafin da yakawo wannan rahoto ya kai shekaru 150 da suka gabata, [36] sai dai ba iya nan ya tsaya ba ya tuhumi shaikh mufid gaggawa wajan ba da fatawowi, zargin jahilci ko rashin cikkaken ilimin bayar da fatawa sai dai daga baya an bayyana littafin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dalilai marasa inganci, [37] kuma a kan haka ne shima shaikh mufid ɗin dauki irin wannan maganganun da ake jingina masa a matsayin labarai marasa tushe da aka saba ƙirƙira. [38] Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya wan nan labarin na gyaran fatawa , Anrubuta shi sosai a littattafai da dama hadda na wan nan zamanin, [39] Amma ga asalin yanda labarin yake Ankawo cewa: wani mutumin ƙauye ya je wurin shaikh Mufid ya tambaye shi cewa idan mace mai ciki ta mutu, kuma akwai ɗa acikinta daya kasance a raye a cikin mahaifarta, za a iya farka cikin ta a cire yaran, ko a binne ta da yaran acikinta? sai Shaikh Mufid ya ce wa mutumin ya binne matar ba tare da cire yaron daga cikinta ba.sai mutumin ya tafi, a kan hanyar dawowar mutumin ne sai wani mutum a kan Doki da gudu ya isa gunsa, yace masa: Shehin nan ya ce a yanka mata cikin, a fitar da yaron sannan a binne matar. Bayan wani lokaci, da mutumin ya haɗu da Shaikh Mufid sai ya bashi labarin, Anan ne Shehin Malamin ya yi mamaki, ya musanta cewa ya aika wani ya gyara fatawar, bayan yayi dogon tinani sai ya gane cewa Imam Zaman ne yaje ya gyara masa fatawar da ya bayar ba dai-dai ba, Daga nan sai Shaikh Mufid ya daina bayar da fatawa gaba Daya, Amma bayan wani lokaci sai wani Tauƙi’i daga Imam Zaman (A.F) ya iso masa (rubutu) cewa kacigaba da bada fatawa ,mu zamu gyara kuma mu ƙarfafa ka kuma mutaimakeka. [40]

Rubuce-Rubucen da Aka yi Dangane da Shaik Mufid

Taron Hazara game da Shaik Mufid

A shaikh Mufid Hizare World Congress An ƙaddamar da rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da shaikh Mufid, Ciki harda: Littafin shaikh Mufid, ya ɗau tutar ƴancin tunani, na Sayyid Jafar Murtada Amili. Hanyoyin tinanin shaikh mufid : Martin McDermott, shaikh Mufid, Ali Akbar Vilayati. shaikh mufid Makarin ƴan Shi'a (nazarin rayuwar shaikh Mufid da ayyukansa), ƙasim Ali Kochnani. shaikh Mufid; Malamin Al'ummah na Ahmad Lukmani. [41]

A watan Farwardin 1372 hijiri shamsi (24 zuwa 26 Shawwal 1413 hijri kamari), an gudanar da taron congress Hazare Jahani Shaikh Mufid a garin Qum. A cikin wannan taro an gayyato masana da manyan malamai sama da 250 daga ƙasashe 23 na duniya , wanda suka gabatar da maƙaloli kan hanyoyin tunanin tauhidi, fikihu, tarihi da hadisi na shaikh Mufid da kuma tarihin zamanin da yayi rayuwa, An buga waɗannan maƙaloli amujallu da yawa. [42] Hakanan a shekara ta 1373 hijiri shamsi, an shirya wani jerin film na talabijin kan rayuwar shaikh Mufid mai suna Khursheed Shab, wanda Mahmoud Hasani ya rubuta kuma Sirus Moghadam ya jagoranci Daraktar film ɗin .a shekara ta 1374 shamsi aka watsa wan nan film a tashar ta biyu ta Jamhuriyar Musulunci iran. [43]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Najashi, Rizal, 1407 AH, shafi na 399, lamba 1067.
  2. ↑ Najashi, Rizal, 1407 AH, shafi na 402.
  3. ↑ Ibn Nadim, Al-Fahrest, 1350, shafi na 197; Tusi, Al-Fherst, 1417 AH, shafi na 239.
  4. ↑ Shabiri, "Gozare Bar Hayate shaikh Mofid", shafi na 7-8.
  5. ↑ Shabiri, "Gozare Bar Hayate shaikh Mofid", shafi na 7-8.
  6. ↑ Shabiri, "Gozare Bar Hayate shaikh Mofid", shafi na 8-9.
  7. ↑ Shabiri, “Gozare Bar Hayate shaikh Mofid”, shafi na 37; Shabiri, “Naguftehaye Az Hayate shaikh Mofid” shafi na 118.
  8. ↑ Shabiri, “Gozare Bar Hayate”, shafi na 39.
  9. ↑ Tusi, Al-Fehrest, 1417 AH, shafi na 239.
  10. ↑ Najashi, Rizal, 1407 AH, shafi 403-402.
  11. ↑ ^ Shabiri, " Gozare Bar Hayate Shaik Mofid", shafi na 26.
  12. ↑ Shabiri, "Goazare Bar Hayate Shaik Mufid", p. 26.
  13. ↑ Tabarsi, Al-Ihtijaj, 1386 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 322.
  14. ↑ Gorji, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385, shafi na 143.
  15. ↑ Gorji, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385, shafi na 143.
  16. ↑ SShabiri, "Nassi kan rayuwar shaikh Mofid", shafi na 8-9.
  17. ↑ Shabiri, "Nassi kan rayuwar shaikh Mofid", shafi na 23-24
  18. ↑ Tusi, Al-Fehrast, 1417 AH, shafi na 238.
  19. ↑ Ibn Nadim, Al-Fahrest, 1350, shafi na 226 da shafi na 247.
  20. ↑ Jafari, “ Mukayese Do Maktab Shi'eh Dar Qom wa-Bagdad dar Karne Ceharom , shafi na 15.
  21. ↑ Jafari, “ Mukayese Do Maktab Shi'eh Dar Qom wa-Bagdad dar Karne Ceharom , shafi na 15
  22. ↑ Farmanian da Sadeghi Kashani, Duba Tarikh Tafakkuri Imamiyyah, 1394, shafi na 61; Jabraili, Jojin, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385, shafi na 143.Sairi Tadawwuri Shi'a Kalam, 2009, shafi na 198 da 199.
  23. ↑ Jojin, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385, shafi 143-144
  24. ↑ Najashi, Rizal Najashi, 1407, shafi 399-402.
  25. ↑ Farmanian da Sadeghi Kashani, Kalli Tarikh Tafakkuri Imamiyya, 1394, shafi na 54.
  26. ↑ Jojin, Tarikh Fikihu wa-Fukaha, 1385, shafi 143-144.
  27. ↑ Garji, Abulqasem, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385.
  28. ↑ Subhani, Mausu'atu Tabakat Fukha, 1418, shafi 245-246; Garji, Tarikh Fikh wa Fukaha, 2006, p.
  29. ↑ Subhani, Mausu'atu Tabakat Fukha, 1418, shafi 245-246; Garji, Tarikh Fikh wa Fukaha, 2006, p.
  30. ↑ Subhani, Mausu'atu Tabakat Fukha, 1418, shafi 245-246; Garji, Tarikh Fikh wa Fukaha, 2006, p.
  31. ↑ Gorji, Tarikh Fikihu wa Fukaha, 1385, shafi 146
  32. ↑ Subhani, Mausu'atu Tabakat Fukha, 1418, shafi 245-246; Garji, Tarikh Fikh wa Fukaha, 2006, p.
  33. ↑ Subhani, Mausu'at Tabakat Fukaha, 1418, shafi na 245; Garji, Tarikh Fikh wa Fukaha, 2006, p.
  34. ↑ Muntazam, Juzu'i na 8, shafi na 11; Kamar yadda Shabiri ya nakalto, “ Goazare Bar Hayate shaikh Mufid” shafi na 23-24
  35. ↑ Karimian, "Wakawi fatawayi Mansub be shaikh Mofid", shafi na 30.
  36. ↑ Karimian, "Wakawi fatawayi Mansub be shaikh Mofid", shafi na 30.
  37. ↑ Karimian, "Wakawi fatawayi Mansub be shaikh Mofid", shafi na 33-37
  38. ↑ Karimian, "Wakawi fatawayi Mansub be shaikh Mofid", shafi na 39.
  39. ↑ Misali, duba: Mohammadi Eshtredi, Hazrat Mahdi Forough Taban Velayat, 2007, shafi na 212-213; Nahavandi, al-Obqari al-Hasan, 2006, juzu'i na 5, shafi.447
  40. ↑ Karimian, "Wakawi fatawayi Mansub be shaikh Mofid", shafi na 31-32
  41. ↑ ka duba <a class="external text" href="https://www.ibna.ir/vdcev78wzjh8xxi.b9bj.html">۵۷ عنوان کتاب سهم اندک «شیخ مفید» از آثار مولفان پس از انقلاب اسلامی/ سال ۱۳۹۲ رکوردار تولید آثار در دهه اخیر</a>
  42. ↑ "Rahoton Majalisar Hazara ta Duniya na shaikh Mofid", shafi na 98-99.
  43. ↑ "Khurshid Shab dar A,i Film", gidan yanar gizon labarai na duniyar cinema.

Nassoshi

  • <a class="external text" href="http://www.donyayecinema.ir/detail/50703">خورشید شب در آی فیلم</a>Gidan yanar gizon labaran duniya na Cinema, ranar ziyarta: Agusta 7, 2018, ranar sakawa: 29 Mehr 2017.
  • Ibn al-Nadim, Muhammad bin Abi Yaqub Ishaq, Al-Fahrst, bincike na Reza Todajd, Tehran, Beta, 1350.
  • Ibn Taghri Bardi, Al-Nujum al-Zahira fi Maluk Misr va Cairo, Alkahira, Ministry of Culture and Guidance, Beta.
  • Jabraili, Mohammad Safar, Sairi Tadawwuri Kalam Shi'e, Littafi Na Biyu: Daga Zamanin Fakuwa zuwa Khwaja Nasir Tousi, Tehran, Wallafar Cibiyar Bincike ta Al'adun Musulunci da Tunani, bugu na farko, 2009.
  • Jafari, Yaqoub, "Mukayese Do Maktab Fikri Shi'a Qum Wa Bagdad dar karni Ceharom", a cikin labaran Farisa (shaikh Mofid Congress Collection of Articles, juzu'i 69), Qum, shaikh Mofid World Hazara Congress, bugu na farko. , 1413 AH.
  • Khatib al-Baghdadi, Ahmed bin Ali, Tarikh Bagdad, Atta, Mustafa Abd al-Qadir, Mawallafin Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, Beirut, 1417 Hijira.
  • Sobhani, Jafar, mausu'ati Tabaqat al-Fuqaha, Gabatarwa (Al-Qusem al-Thani), Imam Sadiƙ Institute (A.S.), Qum, 1418H.
  • Shabiri, Seyyed Mohammad Javad, "Goazare Bar Hayate shaikh Mofid", a cikin takardun Farisa na Majalisar Hazara shaikh Mofid na Duniya, No. 55, 1372.
  • Shabiri, Seyyed Mohammad Javad, "Na Guftahaye Az Hayate shaikh Mofid", a cikin labaran Farisa na Majalisar Hazara ta Duniya na shaikh Mofid, 1372.
  • Tusi, Muhammad bin Al-Hassan, Al-Fahrast, Javad Al-Qayoumi research, Bija, Al-Fiqahah Publishing House, 1417 AH.
  • Farmanian, Mehdi da Mostafa Sadeghi Kashani, dubi Tarikh Tafakkuri Imamiya; Daga farkon zuwa hawan Safavid, Qom, Cibiyar Bincike ta Kimiyya da Al'adun Musulunci, bugun farko, 1394.
  • Karimian, Mahmoud, "Bita na wata fatawa da aka jingina wa shaikh Mofid", a cikin Mujallar Hadith Hozha, No. 9, Fall and Winter 2013.
  • Gurji, Abolqasem, Tarihin Fiqhu da Fiqhu, Tehran, Samt, 2005.
  • Mohammadi Eshtherdi, Mohammad, Hazrat Mehdi Forough Taban, Province, Qom, Jamkaran Mosque, 1387.
  • Najashi, Ahmad Bin Ali, Rijal Najashi, edited by Seyyed Musi Shabiri Zanjani, Qum, ofishin wallafe-wallafen Musulunci, 1407H.
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  • <a class="external text" href="https://www.ibna.ir/vdcev78wzjh8xxi.b9bj.html">۵۷ عنوان کتاب سهم اندک «شیخ مفید» از آثار مولفان پس از انقلاب اسلامی/ سال ۱۳۹۲ رکوردار تولید آثار در دهه اخیر</a>Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Iran, kwanan watan shigarwa: Nuwamba 9, 1394, kwanan shiga: Afrilu 7, 1402.
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