Jump to content

Mutanan Saba'i

Daga wikishia

Mutanan Saba'i (Larabci: قوم سبأ) ƙabilar Larabawa ce da ke zaune a Yaman, Malaman tafsiri sun ce azabar Ubangiji ta suaka kansu. Saboda kafircinsu ga falala da ƙaryata Annabawa. Wannan mutane sun kasance suna amfana da ni'ima da albarka, kamar su noma mai albarka, lambuna masu albarka, amintattun hanyoyi, da rashin kwari masu cutarwa. Amma saboda rashin godiyar ni'ima da suka yi, madatsin ruwa na Ma'arib yana rugujewa ya lalata filayensu masu albarka da korayen lambuna, kuma aka tarwatsa mutanensu a yankuna daban-daban a jazirar Larabawa.

Kur'ani mai girma ya ambaci labarin mutanen Saba'i a cikin Suratul Saba'i. littafan tarihi da na tafsiri sun yi magana game da halayen da suka keɓanta da mutanen Saba'i, daga ciki akwai ƙarfin sojansu, da kyan ƙasarsu, da bautarsu ga gumaka da rana. Kuma al'umma ace da take da ƙwarewar kan ilimi da fanin gini da ilmin taurari, mutanen nan sun ƙirƙiri abubuwa masu ban mamaki kamar gurin Ibada na Ma'arib, da Dam ɗin Ma'arib.

An ambaci labarin mutanen Saba'i da Sarauniyar Saba'i cikin aya ta 15 zuwa ta 19 a cikin suratul Saba'i, da aya ta 22 zuwa ta 44 a cikin suratul Namli.

Bayani Kansu Da Matsayinsu

Mutanen Saba'i tsohuwar ƙabilar Larabawa ce wadda zuriyarta take komawa ga Saba'i ɗan Yashjub [Tsokaci 1] Wanda ya rayu a Yaman kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.[1] A cewar masu bincike, tun farko sun rayu ne a arewacin yankin jazirar Larabawa, sannan suka yi hijira zuwa kudancinta, suka zauna a yankuna irin su Ma'arib, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da ƙasar Saba'i.[2]

A cikin Alkur'ani mai girma, akwai wata sura mai suna Saba'i, wadda a cikinta aka ambaci labarin mutanen Saba'i a aya ta 15 zuwa ta 19 a cikin wannan sura, an ambaci cewa waɗannan mutane sun sami albarkar Ubangiji a cikin kasarsu da gonakinsu. Amma bayan sun kafirta daga ni'imar Allah maɗaukakin sarki, sai aka halaka su da ambaliya mai tsananin gaske, kamar yadda aya ta 22 zuwa ta 44 a cikin suratul Namli ta ambaci labarin cewa Huduhudu ne wanda ya kawo labari game da mutanen Saba'i da gwamnatin Sarauniyar Saba'i (Bilƙis) mai karfin faɗa a ji, da kuma haɗuwarta da Annabi Sulaiman (A.S) da imaninta.[3]

Wasu malaman tafsiri sun yi nuni da cewa tsawon ƙarnoni da dama da suka wuce ba a san wasu mutane da suka kai al-ummar Saba'i wayewa ba, kuma a ƙarni na sha tara aka gano ta kuma tana daga cikin labaran gaibu na Alkur'ani, matsayin mu'ujizar Alkur'ani ta ilimi.[4] Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ƙissosin Kur'ani game da mutanen Saba'i a cikin suratu Namli da suratun Saba'i sun shafi lokuta biyu na tarihi a rayuwar mutanen Saba'i.[5] Don haka ɓacewar mutanen Saba'i bayan ambaliya ta Arim ya faru ne bayan zamanin Annabi Sulaiman, kuma bai haɗa da mutanen Sarauniyar Saba'i ba a zamanin Annabi Sulaiman ba.[6]

Wasu masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa an ambaci sunan Saba'i a cikin At-Taura sau da yawa, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutanan da aka yi a tarihi.[7]

Abubuwan Da Suka Keɓanta Da Mutanan Saba'i

Littafan tarihi da na tafsiri suna magana ne game da halayen mutanen Saba'i, da suka haɗa da ƙarfin sojansu, da wadata a ƙasarsu, da bautar gumaka.

Al-ummar Saba'i Ya Ƙunshi Kaɗaita Allah Da Waɗanda Ba sa Kaɗaita Allah

ƙu'ani ya bada labarin wani gungu mutane daga cikin mutanan Saba'i waɗanda suke yi imani da Allah da rayuwa bayan mutuwa.[8] da imani da cewa shi ne Ubangiji.[9] Bisa abin da ya zo a littafan tarihi da tafsiri akwai gungu wasu mutane ckin al-ummar Saba'i waɗanda ba su yi imani da Allah maɗaukakin sarki ba, ko kuma waɗanda aka gano ta hanyar gurin bautarsu, suna bautawa Rana da wata da taurari da wasu dabbobi kamar su Barewa da Saniya.[10] Kazalika suna bautawa gumaka kamar Yagus.[11] Bisa abin da wani mai bincike na addini Bi Azar Shirazi mutanan Saba'i sun yi imani da cewa ƙaho biyunsaniya waɗanda su yi kama da jaririn wata suna nuni ne ga Ubangijin taurari mai suna Azzahra.[12] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin cewa Yahudanci yana cikin addinin mutanan Saba'i ke riƙo da shi.[13]

Sun Yi Zarra Da Fice A Ƙarfin Soja

Tarihi yana nuna cewa daular Saba'i ta kasance mafi girma da ƙarfi a cikin gwamnatocin da aka yi a Yaman wacca larabawa suka sani kuma ta shahara a gun Rumawa da Igriƙ(Girkawa) saboda ta fuskacin soja da kariya suna da sojoji masu yawa kuma masu biyayya.[14]

Suna Bawa Mahali Da Ilimi Muhimmanci

Mutanan Saba'i sun kasance suna bawa ilimi muhimmanci da fannin gina-gine,[15] kuma wannan abin za a same shi ƙarara cikin rubutun da gwamnatin Saba'i suka bari, kamar sake gina abu da ginawa da gyarawa, wannan abu ne da yake nuna cigabansu.[16] Wasu masu bincike suna ganin alamar ci gabansu shi ne wani gurin ibada sananne da mutanan Saba'i suka bari a garin Sarwa, da wani gurin bauta a garin Ma'arib (Wuri ne na alamar bautar gumaka) da gina madatsin ruwa na Ma'arib wanda yake nuna kwarewarsu a harkar gine-gine da ilimin taurari.[17]

Rashin Godiya Ga Allah Kan Ni'ima Dalili Ne Na Saukar Azaba

Tushen Maƙala: Kafircewa Ni'ima

Ana cewa ƙasar Saba'i tana cike da ni'ima ta abubuwan more rayuwa zahiri da ta ruhi.[18] Bayan sun gina madatsin ruwa ƙasar ta haɓaka kan harkar noma da kayan marmari,[19] Ance ƙasar Saba'i tana da Lambuna guda biyu manya waɗanda suke haɗe da juna, waɗanda tsayinsu ya kai tafiyar kwana goma.[20]

Kuma an ce a lokacin zafi bata da zafi kazalika babu sanyi a lokacin sanyi,[21] kuma ƙasa ce da bata da ɓarayi da dabbobin daji masu cutarwa a lokacin tafiya.[22] saboda yawan ni'ima basa buƙatar guzurin ɗawainiya a lokacin tafiya.[23] Amma masu tafsiri sun ce mutanan Saba'i sun kasance masu butulci da rashin godewa Allah kan ɗinbun ni'imar da Allah ya basu, sai suka manta Allah.[24] sai suka ƙaryata Annabawan Allah kuma suka ƙi yin godiya ga Allah.[25] Suka dinga alfahari da nuna bambance-bambance a tsakaninsu.[26] Wannan kafurcewa ni'ima da rashin godiya shi ne ya kai saukar azabar Allah mai suna Sailul Arim a kansu.[27]

Halakar Mutanan Saba'i Da Sailul Arim (Anbaliya)

Tushen Maƙala: Sailul Arim

Malaman tafsiri sun ce a lokacin da Azabar Allah ta sauka kan mutanan Saba'i ɓeraye na daji sunyi ta ɓantarar katangar madatsin ruwa na Ma'arib har ya kai da ya yi rauni kafin daga baya ya rushe, hakan ya sa aka yi anbaliya babba kuma hakan ya kai ga rasuwar dukkanin dabbobi da kuma hakan ya maida lambun bishiyuyi suke bada kayan marmari masu ɗaci da waɗanda ba za'a iya ci ba.[28] Bayan haka ne mutanan Saba'i suka warwatsu a Jazirar Larabawa.[29] Sai ƙabilar Gassan ta yi hijira zuwa Sham, ƙabilar Ƙuza'a kuma ta yi hijira zuwa Makka, ƙabilar Asad zuwa Bahrain, ƙabilar Anmar zuwa Madina, ita kuma ƙabilar Kuza'a zuwa Tuhama a Makka, ƙabilar Alazid zuwa Umman.[30] Wannan rabe-raben ya ci gaba da yaɗuwa sosai har ya kai ga larabawa suna buga misali da shi, wanda wani yake cewa«Mutanen Saba'i sun watsu duniya» ma'ana mutanan Saba'i sun watse.[31]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-yusufi, Mausu'atul Tarikhil Islami, juz 1 shafi na 90; Al-Tabari, Tarikh Al-Tabari, J1, shafi 269.
  2. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaumi Saba'i, shafi na 89; A'udi, Qaumi Saba'i, shafi na 684.
  3. ↑ Suratul Saba'i, aya ta 15 zuwa 19; Suratul Namli, aya ta 22 zuwa 44.
  4. ↑ Rizayi, Tafsirin Al-Qur'an al-Mahr, Juz'i na 17, shafi na 46; Makarim al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal, Juz'i na 13, shafi na 431-432.
  5. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaumu Saba'i, shafi na 88.
  6. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaumu Saba'i, shafi na 87
  7. ↑ Karimiyan da Hoshinki, "Bilqis", shafi na 73 zuwa 74.
  8. ↑ Suratul Saba'i Aya ta 21.
  9. ↑ Hashemi Rafsanjani, Farhank Al-Qur'an, Juz'i na 15, shafi na 521.
  10. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaumu Saba'i, shafi na 90; Al-Balaghiy, Qasas Al-Qur'ani, shafi na 379; Al-Qurtubiy,Jmai'ul Ahkamil Al-Qur'ani, Juz'i na 13, shafi na 184.
  11. ↑ Al-Tabari, Majma'ul Bayan fi Tafsirin Al-Qur'an, Juz'i na 29, shafi na 62.
  12. ↑ Bi Aazar Shirazi, Bastane Shinasi Wa Jografiyayi Tarikhi Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 325; Al-Balaghiy, Qasas Al-Qur'ani, shafi na 379.
  13. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaumu Saba'i, shafi na 90.
  14. ↑ Hashemi Rafsanjani, Farhank Qur'an, Juz'i na 15, shafi na 513; Dusturi, Aqwame Hilak, shafi na 137; Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaume Saba'i, shafi na 85-76 da 88; Al-Balaghiy, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 377; Pi Aazar Shirazi, Bastane Shinasi Wa Jografiyayui Tarikhi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 316.
  15. ↑ Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaume Saba'i, shafi na 85.
  16. ↑ Dusturi, Aqwame Hilak Shode, shafi na 137; Qan'ai da Asadi, Qaume Saba'i, shafi na 85.
  17. ↑ A'udi, Qaume Saba'i, shafi na 686; Al-Balaghiy, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 379.
  18. ↑ Makarim al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal, Juz'i na 13, shafi na 423.
  19. ↑ Al-Tabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, Juz'i na 8, shafi na 209; Makarim al-Shirazi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 437.
  20. ↑ Al-Tabrisi, Tafsirin Jawami' al-Jami', Juz'i na 3, shafi na 346; Shah Abdulazimi, Tafsirin Athna Ashari, Juz'i na 10, shafi na 522.
  21. ↑ Al-Tabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, Juz'i na 8, shafi na 209.
  22. ↑ Makarim al-Shirazi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 439.
  23. ↑ Al-Tabrisi, Tafsirin Jawami' al-Jami', Juz'i na 3, shafi na 348; Al-Tabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, Juz'i na 8, shafi na 209.
  24. ↑ Al-Kashani, Tafsirin Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi I'lzam al-Mukhalifin, Juz'i na 7, shafi na 361; Makarim al-Shirazi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 437.
  25. ↑ Al-Kashani, Tafsirin Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi I'lzam al-Mukhalifin, Juz'i na 7, shafi na 361.
  26. ↑ Makarim al-Shirazi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 437.
  27. ↑ Makarim al-Shirazi, Al-Amsal, Juz'i na 13, shafi na 423; Al-Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, Juz'i na 16, shafi na 364.
  28. ↑ Al-Tabrisi, Majma'ul Bayan, Juz'i na 8, shafi na 210; Makarim al-Shirazi, Qasas Qur'ani, shafi na 438.
  29. ↑ Al-Hamwi, Mujam al-Buldan, Juz'i na 3, shafi na 181.
  30. ↑ Al-Tusi, Al-Tibyan, Juz'i na 8, shafi na 389; Al-Kashani, Tafsirin Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi I'lzam al-Mukhalifin, Juz'i na 7, shafi na 346.
  31. ↑ Al-Hamwi, Mujam al-Buldan, Juz'i na 3, shafi na 181; Al-Kashani, Tafsir Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi I'lzam al-Mukhalifin, Juz'i na 7, shafi na 346.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Wasu ba'arin suna ganin cewa "Saba'i" shi ne Uaban Larabawa Yaman, wasu kuma suna ganin cewa Saba'i suna ne na wani yanki a Yaman, Malaman tafsiri sun yi ishara da cewa wannan suna ya kasance a asali suna ne na wani mutum daga baya ala fara amfani da shi kan mutanen wannan mutumi da kuma garinsa(Tabarsi, Majma'ul Bayan, juz 8 shafi na 209, Makarim shirazi, Al-amsal, juz na 13 shafi na 422.)

Nassoshi

  • Al-Qur'an mai tsarki.
  • Al-Balaghiy, Sadr al-Din,Qasas Qur'ani, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 1381 SH.
  • Al-Hamwi, Yaqut bin Abdullah, Mujam al-Buldan, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi, 1399 AH/1979 CE.
  • Al-Tabatabai, Muhammad Husayn, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an, Beirut, Mu'assasat al-A'lami lil-Matbuat, 1st ed., 1417 AH/1997 CE.
  • Al-Tabrisi, al-Fadl bin al-Hasan, Tafsir Jawami' al-Jami', corrected by: Abu al-Qasim Karji, Qom, Markaz Mudiriyat al-Hawza al-Ilmiyya fi Qom, 1st ed., 1412 AH.
  • Al-Tabrisi, al-Fadl bin al-Hasan, Majma'ul Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an, Beirut, Mu'assasat al-A'lami, 1st ed., 1415 AH.
  • Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tariikh al-Umam wal-Muluk (Tariikh al-Tabari), edited by: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Beirut, Dar al-Turath al-Arabi, 2nd ed., 1387 AH/1967 CE.
  • Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Jami' al-Bayan fi Tafsirin Al-Qur'an, Beirut, Dar al-Maarifa, 1st ed., 1412 AH.
  • Al-Tusi, Muhammad bin al-Hasan, Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir Al-Qur'an, Beirut, Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi, n.d.
  • Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Al-Jami' li Ahkam Al-Qur'an, Tehran, Nasir Khosrow, 1st ed., 1364 SH.
  • Al-Kashani, Fathullah, Tafsir Manhaj al-Sadiqin fi Ilzam al-Mukhalifin, Tehran, Kitabfuroshi Islamiyah, 1st ed., n.d.
  • Al-Yusufi, Muhammad Hadi, Mawsu'at al-Tariikh al-Islami,
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Mutanan_Saba%27i&oldid=15537"