Musailamatul Kazzab
Musaalama Al-kazzab (Larabci: مُسَيلَمة الکذاب) wanda aka kashe a shekara ta 12 bayan hijira, suannsa Musailama bin Sumama Al-Hanafi Al-Wa'ili, ya yi da'awar annabta a shekara ta 10 bayan hijira, kuma an kashe shi a yaƙin Al-yamama a hannun Sojojin Khalid bin Walid.
Musailama ya yi imani da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W), amma ya yi da'awar cewa ya yi tarayya a annabtar Annabi Muhammad. Musailama ya halasta shangiya da zina ga mabiyansa, ya kuma dauke musu sallah, kuma ya so ya zo da wasu mu'ujizozi irin na Manzon Allah (S.A.W), amma sakamakon ya kasance akasin abin da yake so.
Musailama ya auri Sajah bint Al-Harith Al-Tamimi, wadda ita ma ta yi da'awar annabta, kuma Musailama ya sanya sadakinta shi ne ɗage sallar asuba da isha'i ga mabiyansu.
Wannan shi ne Musailama
Shi ne Musailama bin Thumama bin Kabir bin Habib Al-Hanafi Al-Wa'ili, daga Banu Hanifa, daya daga cikin ƙabilar Al-Yamamah,[1]. Laƙabinsa shi ne Abu Thumamah,[2] An haife shi kuma ya girma a garin Al-yamama, kuma a zamanin jahiliyya ana yi masa lakabi da Al-Rahman, kuma ana kiransa da Rahman Al-Yamama.[3]
An ce sunansa (Harun) kuma Musailama laƙabinsa ne, aka ce sunansa (Muslima) sai musulmi dinga kiransa da musailama (Ma'ana dan karamin muslima) don su tozar ta shi.[4]
Da'awar Annabtarsa
Musailama ya tafi tare da wani adadi na mutanensa Bani Hanifa daga Al-yamamah zuwa Madina, a shekara ta 9 bayan hijira, wato shekarar da ake kira da shekarar kwarara cikin muslunci, an ambaci magana guda biyu dangane da yadda suka haɗu da Manzon Allah (S.A.W)
Magana ta farko ita ce cewa: Musailama ya tafi da mutananshi domin su haɗu da annabi (S.A.W), saboda ya kasance yana cewa idan manzon Allah (S.A.W) ya sanya al'amari a hannuna bayanshi, to zan bishi, yayin da ya haɗu da Annabi (S.A.W), sai Annabi ya ce mishi, a lokacin a kwai wani ɗan guntin ice a hannushi, sai ya ce da zaka tambaye ni wannan guntin ice na hannuna, to bazan baka ba, Ka da ka yi adawa da abin da Allah ya kaddara a kanka ba, kuma idan ka juya baya, tabbas Allah zai gama da kai, kuma lalle zan nuna maka abin da aka nuna mini a kanka, wanda kai ba ka gani ba.[5]
Magana ta na biyu: ita ce shi Musailama bai haɗu da annabi ba ya tsaya tare da tawagarshi a wajen garin Makka, amma tawagar Musailama sun yi imani da annabi kuma suka faɗawa annabi idan Musailama ya tsaya, sai manzon Allah ya umarceshi da ya yi imani kamar yadda ya umarcesu.[6][7]
Bayan dawowar Musailama daga Yamama sai ya yi da'awar shi annabi ne,[8] kuma rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga annabi amincin Allah ya tabbata a gareshi da iyalan gidanshi ya faɗawa annabi a cikin wasiƙar cewa shi abokin tarayyar annabi ne shi a cikin annabtarshi, ga abin da ya zo a cikinta; lalle ni ina tarayya da kai a cikin annabtarka, ni ina da rabin ƙasa kuma ƙabilar ƙuraish tana da rabin ƙasa. Amma lokacin da annabi zai mashi raddi, sai annabi ya ce shi maƙaryaci ne,[9] ya tura Habibu ɗan Zaid ɗan Asim zuwa ga Musailama,amma abin bantakaici sai Musailama ya kashe Habibu da hujjar yaƙi ya yi imani da annabtarshi.[10]
Bayan wafatin Manzon Allah(S.A.W) sai Musailama ya sami dama, sai ya tara wasu mutane kusa da shi, ya tsara wasu jumloli masu kama da ayoyin Alkur'ani, ya kuma gabatar da su ga mutane,[11] daga cikin akwai waɗanna:
Ma'ana; ya ke kwaɗuwa ƴar kwaɗi biyu, ki tsarkake abin da zaki iya tsarkakewa, samanki a ruwa ƙasanki kuma a cikin taɓo, ba mai shan ruwa kike hanawa ba, kuma ba kya ɓata ruwa.[12]
Al-jahizu ɗaya daga cikin masana Larabci na ƙarni na biyu da na uku ya ce, bansa mai ya angiza Musailama ba kan ya ambaci kwaɗo sannan bansan mai yasa yake da ra'ayi marar kyauba kan kwaɗo, saboda ya sanya abin da aka saukar mashi na ƙur'ani a tinaninshi a kan kwaɗo.[13]
Shari'ar Musailama
Musailama ya auri Sajjaha ƴar Al-haris Attamimi, wadda ita ma ta yi iƙirarin cewa ita Annabi ce[14] kuma ya sanya sadakinta ya zama ɗauke sallar asuba da isha'i ga mabiyansu.[15] Kazalika ya halasta shangiya da yin zina ɗauke sallah ga mabiyanshi, sai dai cewa ya kasance ya yi imani da annabtar Annabi Musulinci Muhammad (S.A.W).[16]
Dubarunshi Da Mu'ujizozinshi Na Ƙaryya
An karbo daga Jahiz ya ce: Musailama kafin ya yi da'awar Annabta ya kasance yana yawo a wasu kasuwanni, kamar kasuwar Hira, yana neman hanyoyin koyon dabaru da tsafi, sai ya yi amfani da wasu daga cikinsu idan ya da'awar annabta.[17] Haka nan kuma ya zo a cikin ruwayoyi cewa, Musailama ya so ya zo da wasu daga cikin mu'ujizozi irin na Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W), amma sakamakon sai ya kasance akasin haka, an ruwaito cewa ya yi tofi a ciki rijiya sai ruwanta suka ƙafe, sai ya kawo wani yaro bawa ya sa masa albarka. Sai ya shafa kanshi sai kanshi ya yi sanƙo, sai aka kawo wani mutum mai ciwon ido, sai ya shafa idonshi sai ya makance.[18]
Mutuwa
Abubakar ya aika da wata runduna karkashin jagorancin Kalid bin Walid zuwa Yamamah,[19] a shekara ta 12 bayan hijira.[20] Kalid ya yaƙi mabiya Musailama a yankin Aƙraba, kuma an kashe Musailama a Rabi'ul Sani a shekara ta 12 bayan hijira.[21] An ruwaito cewa Wahshi bin Harb (wanda ya kashe Hamza baffan Manzon Allah) da Abdullahi bin Zaid bin Asim da Abu Dujana sun yi tarayya kan kashe shi.[22] Haka nan kuma ya zo a cikin wasu ruwayoyi cewa, wanda ya kashe Musailama mutum ɗaya ne, wato Wahshi ɗan Harb[23] ko Abdullahi ɗan Zaid.[24]
Bayanin kula
- ↑ Al-Zirakli, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 226.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Assairatun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 576.
- ↑ Al-Zirakli, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 226; Al-Baladhuri, Futuhu Buldan shafi na 109.
- ↑ Al-Zirakli, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 226
- ↑ Bukhari, Sahihul Bukhari, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 203.
- ↑ Al-Yaqubi, Tarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 130; Ibn Hisham, Assiratun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 576.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Assiratun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 576-577.
- ↑ Al-Zirakli, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 226.
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al-umam wa Al-muluk, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 146
- ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 320; Ibn al-Atheer, Usudul Al-ghaba, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 443
- ↑ Al-Zirakli, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 226.
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wa al-Maluk, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 284; Al-Maqrizi, Imtaa al-Isma, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 529.
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh Al-umam waAl-muluk, juzu’i na 3, shafi na 284; Al-Maqrizi, Imti’ al-Asma’, juzu’i na 14, shafi na 529.
- ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isaba, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 344.
- ↑ Ibn A’tham, Al-Futuh, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 22.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Assiratun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 577.
- ↑ Al-Zamakhshari, Rabi' Abrar wa Nusus Al-Akhyar, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 198-199.
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-bidaya wan nihaya, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 327.
- ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti’ab, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 429
- ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usudul al-Ghaba, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 194. ↑
- ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 131.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usudul al-Ghaba, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 96
- ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usudul al-Ghaba, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 662.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usudul al-Ghaba, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 147.
Nassoshi
- Ibn al-Atheer, Ali bin Muhammad, 'Usudul Al-ghaba fi marifati Sahaba, Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1409H.
- Ibn A’tham al-Kufi, Ahmad Ibn A’tham, “Al-Futuh,” bugun: Ali Al-Sheri, Beirut, Dar Al-Adwaa, 1411H.
- Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani, Ahmed bin Ali, ' Al-isabatu Fi Tamyiz Sahaba, edita: Adel Ahmed Abdel-Mawjoud da Ali Muhammad Moawad, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1415H. .
- Ibn Abdul-Barr, Yusuf bn Abdullah, 'Al-isti'ab Fi Marifatil As'hab, bugun: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajjawi, Beirut, Darul Jeel, 1412 Hijira.
- Ibn Kathir, Ismail bin Omar, “Al-bidayatu wan Nihaya” Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1407H.
- Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik, 'Assiratun Nabawiyya, edited by: Mustafa Saqqa, Ibrahim Abiary, and Abd al-Hafiz Shibli, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifa, Dr. T.
- Al-Bukhari, Muhammad bin Ismail, Sahihul Bukhari, bugun: Muhammad Zuhair bin Nasser, Damascus, Dar Touq al-Najat, bugu na 1, 1422H.
- Al-Baladhuri, Ahmed bin Yahya, 'Futuhul Buldani, Beirut, Al-Hilal House and Library, 1988 AD.
- Al-Jahiz, Umar bin Bahr, "Al-Hiyawan", Dar al-Kutub Al-Elamiya, d. T.
- Al-Jawaheri, Sayyid Mohammad Hassan, "Amsar shakku game da mu'ujizai da kalubale", Cibiyar Bincike ta Al'adu da Tunanin Musulunci, 2017.
- Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Al-Jarir, "Tarikhi Al'umam wa Al-muluk", Bincike: Muhammad Abu Al-Fazl Ibrahim, Beirut, Dar Al-Turath, 1387H.
- Al-Zarkali, Khair al-Din, "Al-Alam Kamus na Fassarar Garuruwan Maza da Mata na Larabawa da Mafiya yawan Larabawa da Gabashin Gabas", Beirut, Dar El Alam na Miliyoyin, 1989.
- Al-Zamakhshari, Jarallah, "Rabee' Al-Abrar da Nusus Al-Akhyar", Beirut, Al-Alami Foundation, 1412H.
- Al-Maghrizi, Taqi al-Din, "Imta'a al-Isma'", Beirut, Darul Kutub al-Elamiya, 1420H.
- Al Yaqoubi, Ahmad bin Abi Yaqoob, "Tarikh Al Yaqoubi", Beirut, Dar Sadir, d. T.