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Daƙiƙa:Mai Ɓatanci Ga Annabi

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
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Mai ɓatanci ga Annabi, shi ne mutumin da yake aikata cin fuska da zagi kan Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W), wannan mas'ala tana daga cikin muhimman mas'alolin fiƙihu, malamai sun yi fatawar hukuncin kisa kan mai aikata wannan ɗanyen aiki, haƙiƙa wannan hukunci yana cikin hukunci da ya samu karɓuwa a wurin malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna, madogara ta wannan hukunci shine riwayoyi mustafiz da kuma ijma'i. Fatawar Imam Khomaini kan kashe Salmanu Rushdi na daga cikin hukuncin mai zagin Annabi.

A ra'ayin wasu jama'a daga malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a, duk mutumin da ya ji wani yana wulaƙanta Annabi ko zaginsa, kai tsaye yana iya kashe wannan mutumi ba tare da neman izini daga shugaban shari'a ba. Malaman fiƙihu na Shi'a ba sa zartar da hukuncin zagin Annabi a wasu wurare kamar rashin niyyar zagi daga wanda ya aikata hakan, taƙiyya da rashin zaɓin mai zagin. A fiƙihun Shi'a, zagin ababen girmamawa misalin Allah, Imamai da Sayyida Zahra hukuncinsu ɗaya da wanda ya zagi Annabi.

Zagin Annabi na daga cikin batutuwa da ake dambarwa da rikici kansu a arewacin Najeriya, wani lokaci akan zargi ɗaiɗakun kiristoci da zagin Annabi, wani lokaci kuma haka na faruwa hatta tsakanin Musulmi, haƙiƙa wannan batu na daga cikin batutuwa da siyasa da al'ada ta yi matuƙar tasiri cikinsa. Jaridar Legit Hausa ta wallafa rahoto a watan Oktoba 2025 inda aka zargi wasu manyan malamai daga Arewacin Najeriya da kalamai da ake ganin sun saba da girmamawa ga Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W).

Nazarin Ma'ana Da Matsayi

Mai ɓatanci ga Annabi, wani mutum ne da yake furta munanan kalamai kan Sayyidina Muhammad (S.A.W).[1] Kan asasin tarihi da bincike, kalmar ɓatanci ga Annabi ba ta keɓantu iya kan zagi ba, ta haɗo da duk wani nau'in wulaƙanci, da mummunar kalma da izgili ga Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W);[2] Kamar yadda Muƙaddasul Ardabili, ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman fiƙihu a ƙarni na 10 hijira ƙamari, yana ganin cewa kalmomin zagi, cin mutunci da da ƙasƙantar da daraja sun zo da ma'ana guda ɗaya cikin riwayoyi, su haɗo da duk wani nau'i na cin fuska kan Annabi.[3] Kishiyar wannan magana, Husaini Ali Muntazari, daga malaman fiƙihu a ƙarni na 14, ya fassara sabbun nabiyyi da cin mutuncin Annabi da zagin da furta kalmomi da basu dace ba, malamin bai shigar da sauran nau'o'in cin mutunci ba cikin sabbun nabiyyi.[4]

Cikin mafi yawan litattafan hadisi da fiƙihu na Shi'a, sabbun nabiyyi an kawo bayanansa cikin sashen da ya shafi tsayar da haddi a cikin ci gaban batutuwa da suke da alaƙa da haddin ƙazafi;[5] Kamar dai yadda Ahlus-Sunna suke kawo wannan batu cikin wutsiyar mas'alolin da suka shafi ridda da kafirta, kamar dai yadda suka bayyana duk wani da ya zagi Annabi matsayin wanda ya yi ridda daga Muslunci.[6] Haka kuma cikin doka mai lamba 262 dokokin uƙuba na Muslunci a ƙasar Iran, an tanadi hukuncin kisa ga duk wanda ya zagi Annabi.[7]

Dokar batanci ga Annabi a Kano tana daga cikin dokokin da aka kafa bisa tsarin Shari'ar Musulunci da jihar ta amince da su tun bayan dawo da tsarin dimokuradiyya a 1999m.

Hukuncin kashe Salmanul Rushdi da Imam Khomaini ya fitar saboda rubuta littafin Ayoyin Shaiɗan, ya jawo karkatuwar hankula kan batun hukuncin uƙuba kan mai ɓatanci kan Annabi a dukkanin faɗin duniya.[8] Daga cikin ƙalubale da hukuncin mai ɓatanci kan Annabi ya fuskanta shi ne cin karo da yake da ƴancin faɗar albarkaci baki,[9] Da kuma nuna raunin addini da mazhaba, jawo ƙauracewa addini da mazhaba.[10]

Lamarin a Kano: A shekarun baya, malamai kamar Sheikh Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara sun fuskanci tuhuma da zargin kalamai da ake ganin sun yi batanci ga Annabi. Kotun Kano ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya, tare da kwace littafansa[11]

Hukuncin Fiƙihu

Ɓatanci ga Annabi, yana daga cikin zunubai da aka tanadi haddin shari'a kan wanda ya aikata shi[12] Ƙari kan haramci, ana zartar da hukuncin kisa a kansa.[13] Wannan hukunci ya samu karɓuwa a wurin ƴanshi'a da Ahlus-Sunna.[14] Wajibi ne idan wasu suka ji wani na aikata ɓatanci kan Annabi take su aika shi lahira ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.[15] A cewar Shahidus Sani, ɗaya daga cikin malaman fiƙihu a ƙarni na 10 hijira ƙamari, wannan hukunci ba a ɗauke shi ko da kuwa wanda ya yi ɓatancin ya tuba.[16]

Madogarar Wannan Hukunci

Babbar madogarar da aka ciro hukuncin ɓatanci ga Annabi shi ne riwayoyi mustafiz[17] da ijma'i[18] Wasu jama'a daga malaman Shi'a suna ganin wadatuwa da zartar da hukuncin kisa kan duk wanda aka samu yana ɓatanci ga Annabi, basu jingina shi da wani taken daban ba,[19] Amma wasu malaman fiƙihu suna ganin ɓatanci ga Annabi yana matsayin ridda daga Muslunci, suna ganin cewa hukuncin kashe mai ɓatanci ya fito ne daga hukuncin ridda.[20] Kamar dai yadda Muƙaddisul Ardabili ya tafi kan wajabcin girmama Annabi, kuma hakan yana cikin laruran addini wanda duk wanda ya yi inkarinsa ya yi ridda.[21]

Ba'arin masana na hauzar ilimi, sun bayyana ɓatanci ga Annabi daidai yake da kai hari kan Muslunci da mazhaba, kuma suna ganin larurar kashe mai zagin Annabi domin kariya ga Annabi da mazhaba.[22]

Yaya Ake Zartar Da Hukunci, Da Abubuwan Da Aka Togace

Bisa rahotan Sahibul Jawahir, bisa ra'ayin masshur a fiƙihun Shi'a zartar da hukuncin kan mai zagin Annabi baya buƙatar neman izinin Imami ko shugaban shari'a, duk wanda ya ji wani ya zagi Annabi take zai iya kashe shi.[23] Amma Shaikh Mufid yana ganin zartar da wannan hukunci yana ƙarƙashin ikon shugaban shari'a.[24]

Haka nan ance kashe mai ɓatanci ga Annabi kaɗai yana wajaba kan mutumin da yake da tabbacin tsiran ransa, dukiyarsa da mutuncinsa.[25] Tare da haka Muƙaddasul Ardabili ya yi imani da cewa hatta a halin da mutum bai da amincin rai, dukiya ko mutuncinsa, zai iya kashe wanda ya samu yana ɓatanci ga Annabi.[26]

Cikin wuraren da bayaninsu zai zo a ƙasa, ba'arin malaman fiƙihu ba su yarda da zartar da hukuncin kashe mai ɓatanci ga Annabi ba:

Wasu Wurare Daga Ɓatanci Ga Annabi Da Martani A Kansu

Kan asasin wata riwaya daga Imam Muhammad Baƙir (A.S) da aka naƙalto daga Annabi (S.A.W), ya ba da umarnin kashe wani mutum daga ƙabilar Huzailu wanda ya kasance yana ɓatanci kan Annabi, sai aka samu wasu sahabbai suka kashe shi.[32] Daɗi kan wannan, a lokacin Fatahu Makka, an yi yafiya ga dukkanin mushrikai, in banda wasu adadin mutane daga cikinsu akwai mata biyu da suka kasance suna rera waƙar zambo da suka da izgili kan Annabi, sai Annabi ya ba da umarnin kashe su.[33]

A watan Satumba 1988 aka buga littafin Ayoyin Shaiɗan,،[34] wani littafin na labari da yake ƙunshe cin mutunci da ɓatanci ga Annabin Muslunci[35] Imam Khomaini, babban marja'in taƙlidi na Shi'a jagoran juyin juya halin Muslunci a Iran a wancan lokacin, ya fitar fatawar hukuncin kashe Salmanul Rushdi, marubucin wancan littafi.[36] Musulmi a wancan lokacin sun yi jerin gwano a sassan duniya domin tofin Allah ya tsine kan waɗanda suka buga wannan littafi.[37]

A shekarar 2022m, an samu wani matashi ɗauke da wuƙa ya kai farmaki kan Salmanu Rushdi,[38] wanda ta kai da raunata shi a wuyansa. Haka kuma a ranar 30 ga Satumba shekarar 2005m, Jaridar Yulandaz Fostan (Jyllands-Posten) ta ƙasar Danmak ta yi zanen ɓatanci kan Annabi,[39] wanda haka ya fusata Musulmi a sassan duniya suka haramta saye da sayar da kayayyakin Danmak[40] Haka a shekarar 2011m, nan ma mujallar Shali Hebdo (Charlie Hebdo) da ake bugawa a ƙasar Faransa ta yi zanen ɓatanci ga Annabi, wanda hakan ya jawo zanga-zanga da Allah wadai a sassan duniya.[41]

Zagin Sauran Tsarkakan Abubuwa

Babban labari: Zagin Ababen Girmamawa

Cikin ltattafan fiƙihu, ana zartar da hukuncin kisa kan mai ɓatanci ga Annabi cikin wuraren da bayaninsu zai zo a ƙasa, kuma an yi tattaunawa a kansu:

  • Zagin Allah da Mala'iku[42]
  • Zagin Imamai da Sayyida Zahra: Sahibul Jawahir, ya bayyana cewa zartar da hukuncin mai zagin Annabi kan masu zagin Imamai da Sayyida Zahra wani abu ne da malaman Shi'a suka yi ijma'i a kansa.[43]
  • Zagin sauran Annabawa: Sahibul Riyad, yana ganin cewa zagin baki ɗayan annabawa matsayi ɗaya yake da ɓatanci ga Annabi.[44] Sahibul Jawahir ya bayyana cewa duk da cewa ɓatanci ga sauran annabawa yana jawo ridda, amma riskar da shi a matsayin ɓatanci ga Annabi akwai matsala.[45]
  • Zagin Amina mahaifiyar Annabi: Ba'arin malaman fiƙihu sun bayyana cewa zagin mahaifiyar Annabi daidai yake da ɓatanci ga Annabi.[46] Allama Hilli, kaɗai yana ganinsa matsayi da ɓatanci ga Annabi a iya wuraren da aka yi ƙazafi kan mahaifiyar Annabi.[47] Sahibul Jawahir kaɗai yana ganinsu matsayi ɗaya a wurin da zagin Amina yake komawa zagin Annabi.[48]
  • Amma game da zagin dangin Annabi da ƴaƴan Imamai: Sahibul Jawahir ya bayyana cewa kaɗai ana riskar da shi da hukuncin ɓatanci ga Annabi idan zagin ya juya kan Annabi.[49]

Ku Duba Wannan

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ziraat, “Barrasi Fiqhi Wa Huquqi Jurme Sabbin Nabiyyi,” shafi na 83.
  2. ↑ Ziraat, “Barrasi Fiqhi Wa Huquqi Jurme Sabbin Nabiyyi,” shafi na 86; Maroji Tabasi, “Hukume Fiqhi Doshnam Dahande Be Payambar,” shafi na 43.
  3. ↑ Ardabili, Majma al-Fa'edat al-Barhan, Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House, juzu'i. 13, shafi. 171.
  4. ↑ Montazeri, Pasokh Beh Pursesh'haye dini, 2010, shafi na 492.
  5. ↑ Misali, duba: Mohaqiq Hilli, Shara'i al-Islam, 1408H, juzu’i na 4, shafi. 154; Hurru Amili, Wasa’il al-Shi’ah, 1409 AH, juzu’i. 28, shafi. 211; Tabataba’i, Riyad al-Mas’il, 1418H, juzu’i. 16, shafi. 54; Borujerdi, Jame’ al-Hadith al-Shi’ah, 1386 AH, juzu’i. 30, shafi. 784.
  6. ↑ Agha Babaei, “Qatle Nafse Beh Itiqade Mahdure Budane Maqtul,” shafi na 174.
  7. ↑ "Qanune Majazathaye Islami", tushen bayanai game da dokoki da ƙa'idojin ƙasa.
  8. ↑ Jawaheri, Istibate Hukme Sabbun Annabi (S.A.W) Az Ab'aze Seh Gane Sunnate Islami,” shafi na 26.
  9. ↑ Hosseini Pasandi, da sauransu, “Wakawi Wa Ijraye Majazate Sabbun Annabi Ba Negahi Bar Calesheha,” shafi na 35.
  10. ↑ Hajidehabadi Wa Nouri, “Bazepajuhi Majazate Sabbun Imam,” 2014, shafi na 44.
  11. ↑ Jaridar Legit Hausa:https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1677434-malaman-musulunci-da-aka-taba-zargi-da-taba-kimar-annabi
  12. ↑ Jaziri, Fiqh Ala al-Mazahabh al-Arba'a, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 301.
  13. ↑ Allama Helli, Irshad al-Azhan, 1410 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 179; Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, Dar Ihya al-Turahat al-Arabi, vol. 21, shafi. 268.
  14. ↑ Jawaheri, Istinbate Hukme Sabbun Annabi (S.A.W) Az Ab'aze Seh Gane SUnnate Islami,” shafi na 29; Khansari, Jami' al-Madarik, 1405 AH, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 109.
  15. ↑ Khansari, Jami' al-Madarik, 1405 AH, juzu'i. 7, shafi. 109.
  16. ↑ Shahid Thani, Al-Rawdha Al-Bahiya, 1410 AH, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 196.
  17. ↑ Tabataba'i, Riyad Al-Mas'eel, 1418H, juzu'i. 16, shafi. 55.
  18. ↑ Seyed Morteza, Al-Intisar, 1415 AH, shafi. 482; Ibn Zuhra, Ghunya al-Nuzu, 1417 AH, shafi. 428.
  19. ↑ Mohaqiq Hilli, Shara'i'ul Islam, 1408H, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 154.
  20. ↑ Sayyid Murtaza, Al-Intisar, 1415H, shafi. 482; Shahid Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1413 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 454.
  21. ↑ Ardabili, Majma al-Fa'edat al-Burhan, Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House, juzu'i. 13, shafi. 170.
  22. ↑ Hajidehabadi da Nouri, “Bazepajuhi Hukme Sabbun Imam,” 2014, shafi na 65-66.
  23. ↑ Najafi, Jawahirul Kalam, Dar Ihya'at-ul-Turat Al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 438.
  24. ↑ Sheikh Mufid, al-Muqni'a, 1410 AH, shafi. 743.
  25. ↑ Khansari, Jami' al-Madarik, 1405 AH, juzu'i. 7, shafi. 112.
  26. ↑ Ardabili, Majma al-F'aedat al-Burhan, Al-Nashar al-Islami Publishing House, juzu'i. 13, shafi. 171.
  27. ↑ Najafi, Jawaher al-Kalam, Dar Ihya al-Turat al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 439; Golpaygani, Al-Dur al-Mandud, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 266.
  28. ↑ Golpayegani, Al-Durrul Al-Manzoud, 1414 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 267-268; Fazel Lankarani, Jame Al-Masa'il, 1425, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 501.
  29. ↑ Golpaygani, Al-Dur Al-Manzood, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 267.
  30. ↑ Golpaygani, Al-Dur Al-Manzood, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 2, ku. 253-254.
  31. ↑ Golpaygani, Al-Dur Al-Manzood, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 2, ku. 256..
  32. ↑ Kulayni, Furu'u Kafi, 1367 AH, juzu'i. 7, shafi. 267.
  33. ↑ Yaqubi, Tarikh Yaqubi, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 378.
  34. ↑ ."The Satanic Verses"
  35. ↑ Ridvani, Barsi Hukme Imam Khumaini Darbaraye Salman Rushdie, 1388H, shafi na 124.
  36. ↑ Mousavi Khomeini, Sahifeh Nour, 1389 AH, juzu'i. 21, shafi. 263.
  37. ↑ Ridvani, Barsi, Hukume Imam Khumaini Darbaraye Salman Rushdi, 1388H, shafi na 125-127.
  38. ↑ «حمله با چاقو به سلمان رشدی», labarai, Euronews.
  39. ↑ Fazeli, "Margei Karikatorist Janjali Denmark," a shafin yanar gizo na Jaridar Etemad.
  40. ↑ «دانمارک از کاریکاتورهای موهن میلیون‌ها یورو زیان دید»، Sayit Online Hamshahri
  41. ↑ «Satire-Zeitung darf nicht mehr online gehen»،A shafin yanar gizo na jaridar Spiegel.
  42. ↑ Allameh Hilli, Tazkira Al-Fuqaha, 1414 AH, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 433; Jaziri, Fiqh Ali al-Mazehab al-Arba'a, 1419 AH, juzu'i. 4, shafi. 301.
  43. ↑ Najafi, Jwahairul Kalam, Dar Ihya al-Turat al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 435.
  44. ↑ Tabataba'i, Riyad Al-Mas'eel, 1418H, juzu'i. 16, shafi. 56.
  45. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Dar Ihya’ al-Tarath al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi na 436-437.
  46. ↑ Tabatabai, Riyad al-Masa’il, 1418H, juzu’i. 16, shafi. 56; Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Dar Ihya’ al-Tarath al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 437.
  47. ↑ Allamah Hilli, Tahrir al-Ahkam, 1420 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 410.
  48. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Dar Ihya’ al-Tarath al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 438.
  49. ↑ Najafi, Jawahir al-Kalam, Dar Ihya’ al-Tarath al-Arabi, juzu'i. 41, shafi. 438.

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  • "Satire-Zeitung darf nicht mehr online gehen»،A shafin yanar gizon
  • Jaridar Legit Hausa:https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1677434-malaman-musulunci-da-aka-taba-zargi-da-taba-kimar-annabi
  • Jawaheri, Mohammad Reza، «استنباط حکم ساب النبی(ص) از ابعاد سه‌گانه سنت اسلامی», Dar Dofsnama, Nazarin Fikihu na Musulunci da Ka'idojin Shari'a, Shamarah 29, Bahar da Tabestan, 1393 AH.
  • Khwansari, Jami’ al-Madarik fi Sharh al-Mukhtasar al-Nafi’, Tehran, Maktabat al-Saduq, 1405H.

«واکاوی اجرای مجازات ساب النبی با نگاهی بر چالش‌ها»،, a cikin Mujallar Dokoki da Nazarin Nawain, Shamara 14, Bahar 1403 AH. jaridar Der Spiegel, ranar bugawa: 3 ga Nuwamba, 2011, ranar ziyara: 15 ga Agusta, 1404.

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