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Fatawar Kisan Salmanu Rushdi

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Fatawar kashe Salmanu Rushdi (Larabci: حکم قتل سلمان رشدی) Fatawar Imam Khomaini dangane da ridda da hukuncin kisa kan Salman Rushdi, marubucin littafin Ayat Shaiɗan, da mutanen da suka yaɗa wannan littafi sun san abin da ke cikinsa. An bayar da wannan fatawa a ranar 25 Bahman 1367, wanda ya yi dai-dai da 14 ga watan Fabrairu 1989 miladiyya. Wannan hukunci dai ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wata `yar manuniya na ƙarfin ikon Shi'a wajen kare Musulunci. Dukkanin mazhabobin Musulunci sun goyi bayan wannan fatawa. Bayan bayar da fatawar, Salmanu Rushdi ya gudu daga gidansa da yake Landan ya kuma canza wurin zama sau 57 a cikin watanni biyar, ƙarƙashin kulawar `yan sanda.

Bayan fitar da hukuncin kashe Salman Rushdi, an ayyana zaman makoki a Iran a ranar 26 ga Bahman 1367. H. shamsi, wanda ya yi dai-dai da 15 ga watan Fabrairi 1989 miladiyya, Jama'a a wurare daban-daban sun nuna ɓacin ransu da kyamar buga littafin ayat Shaidan inda suka yi tattaki da taruwa a masallatai tare da goyon bayan hukuncin Imam Khumaini.

Musulmai daga ƙasashe daban-daban, ta hanyar fitar da sanarwa da gudanar da taruka, sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga fatawar da aka yi na kashe Salman Rushdi, wani matashi dan kasar Lebanon, mai suna Musɗafa Mazi a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 1998, da Ibrahim Atayi, a shekarar 1999 miladi. Sun yi yunƙurin zartar da wannan hukunci kan Salman sai dai cewa jami'an tsaronsa sun shahadantar da su gabanin kashe shi A shekara ta 2022, bayan nan an samu wani matashi a karo na uku mai suna Hadi Maɗar ya kai hari kan Salman Rushdie a birnin New York, inda ya makantar da idonsa guda ɗaya ɓarin hannun dama, ya kuma ji masa rauni sosai a yatsunsa.

Wasu ba'arin malaman fiƙihu suna ganin hukuncin kashe Salmanu Rushdi daidai yake da hukuncin mai zagin Annabi (s.a.w) murtaddi fiɗiri.

Labarin Hukuncin Kisa Kan Salman Rushdi da Muhimmancinsa

A shekarar 1988 miladi, an samu ɓullar wani littafi me suna Ayat Shaiɗan wanda a imanin mafi yawan musulmi littafi ne da yake tattare da cin mutunci kan muslunci da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W). Imam Khomaini marji'an taƙlidi kuma jagoran jamhuriyar muslunci ta Iran, a ranar 25 ga watan Bahman shekarar 1367, h. shamsi, wanda ya yi dai-dai da 14 ga watan Fabrairu 1989 miladiyyda, ya fitar da fatawar kisa kan Salmanu Rushdi marubicin littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan da ma mutanen da suka buga wannan littafi.[1] Matanin fatawar ya kasance kamar haka:

Da sunan Allah Inna lillahi wa inna ilaihi raji’un. Ina sanar da ɗaukacin musulmi masu kishi na faɗin duniya cewa na fitar da fatawar kisa kan marubucin littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan, da mujtanen da suka ɗauki nauyin buga wannan littafi. littafi ne da aka ƙirƙre shi don baƙantawa muslunci da musulmi, ina kiran musulmi masu kishin muslunci duk inda suka haɗu da marubucin wannan littafi su yi gaggawar kashe shi, ta yadda wani ba zai sake tsagerancin cin mutuncin tsarkakan abubuwa a wurin musulmi ba. kuma duk wanda aka kashe shi a ƙoƙarinsa na zartar da wannan hukunci, lallai ya yi shahada da yardar Allah. bugu da ƙari, idan wani ya sami damar samun marubucin littafin, amma ba shi da ikon zartar da shi, to ya gabatar da shi ga jama'a don a hukunta shi saboda abin da ya aikata. Assalamu alaikum wa rahamatullahi wabarakatuhu. Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini.

[2]

Muhimmanci

Haƙiƙa fatawar Imam Khomaini kan kashe Salmanu Rushdi wata fatawa ce ta tarihi da take nuna ƙarfin iko da basirar marja'iyyar shi'anci a gaban makirce-makircen maƙiya muslunci, da kuma irin ikon da shi'anci yake da shi kan kare muslunci..[3] Wannan fatawa ta samu goyan bayan bakiɗayan mazhabobin muslunci.[4] Sayyid Abdullahi Bukhari limamin Ahlus-Sunna a birnin Delhi na Indiya yana ganin wannan fatawa matsayin wani abu da yake nuna basira da kwarewar Imam Khomaini, Ahmad Kaftar babban Mufti na ƙasar Siriya a lokacin shi ma a ranar 10 ga watan Isfandi shekarar 1367, wanda ya yi dai-dai da 1 ga watan Maris 1989 miladiyya, ya fitar da fatawa kan larurar hukunta Salmanu Rushdi.[5] a imanin Ayatullahi Khamna'i, wannan fatawa ƙaƙƙarfan naushi ne na ramuwa kan girman kan duniya da masu goyan bayan yammacin turai masu kare littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan, naushi ne da ya raunana su matuƙa.[6] Sayyid Muhammad Husaini Fadlullahi a Lubnan shi ma ya na ganin wannan fatawa matsayin babban naushi kan girman kai da yammacin duniya.[7]

Tushen Fiƙihu Na Hukuncin Kisan Salmanu Rushdi

Ba'arin malaman fiƙihu sun ƙidaya hukuncin kisan Salmanu daga layin abin da aka ciro shi daga hukunce-hukuncen fiƙihu. A cewar Sayyid Hadi Khosroshahi, haƙiƙa hukuncin kisan Salmanu hukunci ne na murtaddi mai zagin Annabi (S.A.W).[8] Hukunci ne da bakiɗayan malaman mazhabobin muslunci suka yi ittifaƙi a kansa.[9] Musawi Ardabili shi ma cikin ƙarin haske kan wannan fatawa, ya tabbatar da cewa Salmanu Rushdi ya zama murtaddi fiɗiri wanda a muslunci ba a kar ɓar tubansa ko da ya tuba.[10]

Martanin Salmanu Rushdi

Bayan fitowar wannan fatawa, duniyar muslunci sun fusata kan wannan littafi, a ranar 29 ga watan Bahman shekarar 1367 wanda ya yi dai da 18 ga watan Fabrairu 1989 miladiyya. Sakamakon tsorata da Salmanu Rushdi ya yi, ya fito ya bada haƙuri.[11] Bayan fitar da wannan fatawa sai ya arce daga gidansa da yake a birnin Landan na ƙasar Ingila, tsawon watanni biyar ya dinga canja gida tare da kariyar jami'an ƴan sanda..[12] Cikin wata tattaunawa da ya yi da jaridar Daily Mail ta harshen Ingilishi, ya bayyana musu abin da ya fara ji a ransa bayan fitar da hukuncin kisa a kansa "Na ji cewa ni fa wata gawa ce da take tafiya ba tare da mai kare ni ba", zuwa siyayya, zuwa ganin iyali, hawan jirgi sama bakiɗayan abubuwa sun fi ƙarfina sun gagareni a wannan lokaci"[13]

Tasiri

Haƙiƙa hukunci kisan Salmanu Rushdi ya yi tasiri ciki da wajen ƙasar Iran.
Hoton Musulman Labanon sun yi tattakin adawa da Salman Rushdi, bayan fatawar Imam Khumaini

Tasiri A Cikin Iran

Bayan fitowar fatawar kashe Salamnu Rushidi, gwamnatin wancan lokacin a Iran bisa umarnin Imam Khomaini, ranar 26 ga watan Bahman shekarar 1367 ta shelanta zaman makoki a ɗaukacin ƙasar, mutanen sun fito zanga-zanga tare da shirya tarurruka a masallatai da wuraren zaman makoki, suna bayyana irin fusatarsu game da buga littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan a gefe guda kuma suna nuna goyan bayansu kan fatawar Imam Khomaini..[14] Majalisar shura ta muslunci ta amince yanke hulɗa da ƙasar birtaniya nan take cikin wa'adi biyu na gaggawa, sannan wakilai guda 170 sun sanya hannu kan wata wasiƙa da take buƙatar ɗaukar matakin da ya dace na majalisai game da buga wannan littafi na ayoyin Shaiɗan.[15] Ranar 27 ga watai Bahman shekara ta 1367 h. shamsi wanda ya yi dai-dai da 16 ga watan Fabrairu 1989 miladiyya, Hassan Sani'i shugaban gidauniyar punzida Khordad, ya ware maƙudan kuɗaɗe da suka kai toman miliyan ashirin ga duk wani ɗan ƙasar Iran da ya samu nasarar zartar da kisa kan Salmanu Rushdi, kuma duk wani ɗan ƙasar waje da ya zartar da wannan kisa za a bashi dala miliyan ɗaya matsayin tagomashi, wannan tagomashi ya yi ta ƙaruwa lokaci bayan lokaci a watan shahribar shekara ta 1391 an ƙara waɗannan kuɗaɗen tagomashi zuwa dala miliyan uku da rabi.[16]

Tasiri A Ƙasashen Duniya

Hukuncin kisan Salmanu Rushdi da Imam Khomaini ya bayar ya yi matuƙar yaɗuwa a fa ɗin duniya.[17] Da wannan saƙo ya yi da kuma tasiri a kafafen watsa labarai na duniya, sai Salmanu Rushdi tare da masu ɗaure masa gindi da waɗanda suka buga wannan littafi sun ta fuskantar barazanar hare-hare daga ƙasashe daban-daban a wancan lokaci.[18] Musulmai daga ƙasashe daban-daban daga jumlarsu Birtaniya, Malesiya, Italiya, Faransa, Giniya, Turkiyya, Ajentina, Sudan, Asitiraliya, Honkon, Danmak, Kanada, Isfaniya da Finlan da kuma haɗakayyar al'ummar musulmin ƙasar Amurka, ƙungiyar malaman jabalu amil na ƙasar lubnan, majalisar musulmin ƙasar sirilanka, shurar muslunci ta ƙasar Uganda, babbar majalisar shura ta muslunci a najeriya tare da fitar bayani da matsaya, shirya taro domin shelanta goyan bayan fatawar kisan Salmanu Rushdi da Imam Khomaini ya fitar..[19] A ƙasar Aljeriya an buga wani littafi me suna Shaiɗanul garbi, wannan littafi raddi ne kan littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan, kuma littafin ya yabawa fatawar Imam Khomani kan kashe Salmanu Rushdi..[20] Ƙasashen Indiya, Afrika Ta Kudu, Tanzaniya, malesiya, Misra da Saudi Arabiyya sun hana sayar da wannan littafi na ayoyin Shaiɗan a cikin ƙasashensu, maɗabba'ar pengu'in ce ta buga littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan a ƙasar Ingila tare da samun tsaro daga hukumomin ƙasar, haka nan ofisoshin ba'arin maɗabba'o'i wannan littafi a ƙasar Amurka da Ingila sun fuskanci hare-hare.[21] A ranar 28 ga watan Murdad shekara ta 1368, h, shamsi, wanda ya yi dai-dai da 23 ga watan Yuli 1989 miladiyya, ƙasar Sin ta haramta sayar da wannan littafi.[22]

Hoton Mustafa Mazeh Olin, wanda ya aiwatar da hukuncin Imam Khumaini

A gefe guda kuma Joji bush shugaban ƙasar Amurka a wancan lokaci a ranar uku ga watan isfandi tare da shelanta nuna goyan Salmanu Rushdi ya ƙaddarar saƙon barazanar kisa da aka yi masa daga ƙasar Iran tare da barazana ce kan maslahohin Amurka.[23] Jefri hawi ministan harkokin waje na birtaniya a wancan lokaci, ya yi magana game da tasirin yaɗuwar fatawar kashe Salmanu cikin sauyi a mutuncin da ƙasar birtaniya take bayarwa kan muslunci da rabuwar da littafin ayoyin Shaiɗan.[24] Ƙasashe goma sha biyu daga membobin haɗakayyar kasuwancin turai suka kirawo jakadunsu su dawo gida daga ƙasar Iran tare da soke duk wata sadarwa da tafiye-tafiye tsakaninsu da ƙasar Iran. [25] ƙasar Amurka a hukamance ta tarayyar sobiyat ta yi alawadai da fatawar Imam Khomaini, shorad natize ministan harkokin waje na sobiyat a wancan lokaci, cikin martini ga Amurka yana cewa ya kamata mu girmama mutuncin ƙasar Iran.[26] Musɗafa Mazi matashi ɗan ƙasar lubnan[27] da Ibrahim Aɗayi[28] a shekarar 1368 sun yi ƙoƙarin kashe Salmanu Rushdi sai dai ce basu samu nasarar ba, daga ƙarshe jami'an tsaro suka shahadantar da su, a ranar 21 ga watan Murdad shekara ta 1401. h shamsi, dai-dai da 12 ga watan Ogutsa 2022 miladiyya, Salmanu Rushdi ya fuskanci hari a dai-dai lokacin da yake bayar da lacca a birnin New York na Amurka, wani matashi daga garin New Jersy ɗauke da wuƙa ya afka masa, ya caccaka masa wuƙa a wuya.[29] Sunan wannan matashi Hadi Maɗar matashi mai shekara 24 da haihuwa, wannan hari ya sanya Salmanu ya rasa idonsa na ɓarin dama, ya kuma rasa lafiyar yatsun hannunsa.[30]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Khumaini, Sahifa Imam, 1389, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 263.
  2. ↑ Khumaini, Sahifa Imam, 1389, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 263.
  3. ↑ «صدور حکم ارتداد سلمان رشدی، برگی از پاسداری و دفاع امام خمینی از مقدسات و آرمان های مسلمین است»، Shafin Imam Khumaini.
  4. ↑ «فتوایی که هر ساله خرج روی دست انگلیس می‌گذارد»، Shafin Tabnak.
  5. ↑ «فتوایی که هر ساله خرج روی دست انگلیس می‌گذارد»، Shafin Tabnak
  6. ↑ «عکس‌العمل امام همه‌ آنها را غافلگیر کرد»، Shafin Yanar Gizo na ofishin kiyayewa da buga ayyukan Ayatullah Khamenei.
  7. ↑ «فتوایی که هر ساله خرج روی دست انگلیس می‌گذارد»، Shafin Tabnak
  8. ↑ Khosrow Shahi, Ayat Shaidan wa Islam Satizi Garb, 1398, shafi na 121.
  9. ↑ Khosrow Shahi, Ayat Shaidan wa Islam Satizi Garb, 1398, shafi na 114=118
  10. ↑ Vaezzadeh Khorasani, “Seminar mukaddimati tabyini hukmi Imam (RA)darbaraye nawisande Ayat Shaidan” shafi na 4.
  11. ↑ Muassaseh Farhangi Qadr Velayat, Ayat Shaidan; Bariztarin jelwe dushmani istikbar jahani ba islam nabi Muhammadi. 2008, shafi na 12.
  12. ↑ «مبانی فقهی حکم ارتداد سلمان رشدی نویسنده آیات شیطانی»،Kmafanin dillancin labarai na Mehr.
  13. ↑ «فتوایی که هر ساله خرج روی دست انگلیس می‌گذارد»، Shafin Tabnak.
  14. ↑ «حکم ارتداد و اعدام سلمان رشدی»،Shafin Imam; Cibiyar Al'adun Qadr-e-Wilayat, Ayoyin Shaidan; Mafi bayyanar da kiyayyar girman kan duniya ga Musulunci tsantsa. Mohammadi, 2009, shafi na 45-46.
  15. ↑ Muassaseh Farhangi Qadr Velayat, Ayat Shaidan;Bariztarin jelwe dushmani Islam Muhammadi, 2008, shafi na 45.
  16. ↑ Kharkohi, " Taammuli bar taudieh ayat Shaidan wa wakaneshhaye jahani", shafi na 212.
  17. ↑ «تأکید بر اجرای حکم تاریخی امام خمینی(ره) درباره‌ی سلمان رشدی»، Yanar Gizo na ofishin kiyayewa da buga ayyukan Ayatullah Khamenei.
  18. ↑ Kharkohi, " Taammuli bar taudieh ayat Shaidan wa wakaneshhaye jahani", shafi na 210.
  19. ↑ «تیری که بر هدف خواهد نشست»،Shafin Ayatullah Khamenei..
  20. ↑ «تیری که بر هدف خواهد نشست»،Shafin Ayatullah Khamenei..
  21. ↑ «قضیه آیات شیطانی و فتوای تاریخی امام»،Shafin yanar gizo na juyin juya halin Musulunci
  22. ↑ «تیری که بر هدف خواهد نشست»، Shafin Ayatullah Khamenei.
  23. ↑ Muassaseh Farhangi Qadr Velayat, Ayat Shaidan; bariztanin jelwe dushmani istikbar jahani ba Islam muhammadi nab, 2008, shafi na 50.
  24. ↑ Muassaseh Farhangi Qadr Velayat, Ayat Shaidan; bariztanin jelwe dushmani istikbar jahani ba Islam muhammadi nab, 2008, shafi na 216.
  25. ↑ Muassaseh Farhangi Qadr Velayat, Ayat Shaidan; bariztanin jelwe dushmani istikbar jahani ba Islam muhammadi nab, 2008, shafi na 47.
  26. ↑ Kharkohi, "Ta'ammuli bar taudieh ayat shaidani wa Wakaneshhaye Jahani an", shafi na 215-216.
  27. ↑ «تیری که بر هدف خواهد نشست»، Shafin Ayatullah Khamenei..
  28. ↑ «سلمان رشدی و کتاب آیات شیطانی»، وبسایت راسخون.
  29. ↑ «حمله به سلمان رشدی در آمریکا»، Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Tasnim;«حمله با چاقو به سلمان رشدی»،Kamfanin dillancin labaran Euro News.
  30. ↑ «چشمِ راست «سلمان رشدی»، کور شد»،Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Mehr.

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