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Ahadis La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshakki

Daga wikishia

Hadisan kada ka warware yaƙininka da shakka (Larabci: أحاديث لا تنقض اليقين بالشك) wasu hadisai ne da suke nuni kan cewa mutum kada ya warware yaƙinin da yake da shi da shakka, a wani lokacin malaman Usulul Fiƙhi suna kiran wannan riwayoyi "بـأخبار لا تنقض" (Akhbaru La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshak), kuma wannan hadisai sune dalilin da Istis'habi ya ginu a kai, ita wannan ƙa'ida tana nufin idan mukallafi ya kasance yana da yaƙini kan wani abu, sai ya yi shakka, to zai zauna kan yaƙininshi saboda ba a warware yaƙini da shakka, zai zama bisa yaƙininshi har sai ya sami wani yaƙinin daban kan wannan abin, malamai kamar Sayyid Khuyi da Muhammad Rida Al-muzaffar suna ganin wannan ruwayoyin sune dalili na Istis'habi, amma wasu malaman kamar Imam Khomaini da Muhammad Fadil Lankarani suna ganin ba za a iya fitar da hukunce-hukunce na Maudu'i na shari'a ba daga wannan ruwayoyin, kamar wajabcin sallar Juma'a a lokacin Gaibar Imam Mahadi (A.S) ko hukuncin ingancin alwala,bari dai su wannan hadisan a kankin kansu ba za a iya amfani da su a matsayin dalili na Istishabi, ko dalili wajan tabbatar da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a.

Shaik Murtada Ansari yana ganin sanadi ko ma'anar wasu daga cikin waɗannan hadisan suna da rauni, amma duk da haka Shaik Ansari yana ganin cewa idan aka haɗa wannan ruwayoyi tare zasu iya zama dalili na Istishabi.

Gabatarwa

Ka da ka ruguje yaƙininka da shakka wannan hadisi ne da yake nuni kan Istis'habi ruƙo da yaƙinin da mutum yake da shi, abin da ƙa'idar take nufi shi ne cewa idan mukallafai suna da yaƙini da tabbas kan wani abu, sai daga baya suka sami shakka kanshi, to bai halitta ba su rushe ko lalata yaƙinunsu da shakka,[1] cikin littafan fiƙihu na Shi'a suna kiran wannan ruwayoyi da suke ɗauke da wannan ƙa'ida«لا تنقض اليقين بالشك» ko ma'anar da ta yi kusa da ita da Akhbaru La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshak,[2] Shaik Muhammad Rida Al-muzaffar yana ganin wannan ruwayoyin sune babban dalili na Istis'habi.[3]

Abdul-husain Kosrofana malami mai wa'azi da bincike kan Falsafar muslunci da ya karanta abin da Imam Khomaini ya rubuta kan wannan ƙa'ida ta La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshak, ya fitar da sakamakon cewa muslunci yana ganin zai yi wu a sami yaƙini kan wani abu kai bama haka ba yana ganin cewa duk abin da ka sami yaƙinin kanshi, to ba zai yi wu ba shakku ya shiga cikinshi ba.[4]

Yadda Ake Fitar Da Hukuncin Shari'a Daga Wannan Hadisai

Tushen Maƙala: Istis'habi

Bisa ra'ayin wasu malaman fiƙihu kamar imamu Khomaini da Muhammad Fadil Lankarani ruwayoyin La Tanƙuzul Yaƙini Bisshak ba sa zama dalili kan wani daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a irin su wajabci, da Haram da Ibaha.... abin da wannan ruwayoyi suke tabbatarwa shi ne Istishabi, shi kuma Istis'habi dalili ne na tabbatar da hukunie kan Maudu'i na shari'a.[5] Misali da ace mutum zai sami yaƙin cewa sallar Juma'a wajibi ce a lokacin Imamai (A.S) amma sai ya yi shakku a lokacin Gaiba cewa sallar Juma'a wajibi ce ko a a, to wannan ruwayoyin na La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshak ba sa nuni kan wajabcinta ko kuma halascinta, saboda su wannan hadisan suna tabbatar da Istis'habi ne, shi Istis'habi shi ne zai tabbatar da wajabcin sallar Juma'a a lokacin fakuwar Imam Mahadi (A.F).[6]

Malaman fiƙihu suna ganin wannan ƙa'ida ginshiƙinta shi ne yaƙini wanda shi kuma a ɗabi'arshi yana wanzuwa da kuma ci gaba, misali idan mutum ya yi alwala to wannan alwalar za ta jima zuwa wani lokaci, to idan mutumin ya yi shakka ko alwalarshi ta lalace ko a a, to hukunci shi ne rashin ɓacinta da ka da ya yi la'akari da shakkarshi.[7]

Nuni Da Waɗannan Hadisan Suka Yi Kan Istisihabi

A cikin hadisan La Tanƙuzul yaƙina Bisshak akwai hadisai guda uku da Zurara Bin A'ayan ya rawaito shi Zurara ɗaya ne daga cikin Sahabban Imam Baƙir da Imam Sadiƙ (A.S),[8] Shaik Ansari yana ganin ruwayoyin guda uku na Zurara sun inganta, amma kuma yana ganin cewa bayanunsu da nuni kan Istis'habi yana da rauni, kazalika yana ganin sauran ruwayoyin suna da rauni,[9] Amma duk da haka yana ganin idan aka haɗa duka ruwayoyin zai yi wu su yi nuni da tabbatar da istis'habi.[10]

Mai-maita Alwala A lokacin Shakkar Warwarewa

Zurara ya tambayi ɗaya daga cikin Imamai kan mutumin da yake da yaƙini yana da alwala, amma sai ya yi shakku kan cewa ya yi bacci mai nauyi da yake karya alwala ko a a, sai Imam ya ba shi amsa da cewa ba a rushe yaƙini da shakka sai dai da wani yaƙini daban.[11] Sayyid Khuyi yana ganin wannan ruwaya Zurara ya naƙalto ta ne daga Imam Baƙir.[12]

Shi kuma Shaik Ansari yana ganin wannan ruwaya ta keɓanta ne da alwala kaɗai, saboda haka yake ganin ba zai yi wu ba a dogara da wannan ruwaya domin tabbatar da istis'habi.[13] Amma Sayyid Khuyi yana ganin cewa wannan ruwaya tana tabbatar da cewa shi yaƙini ba a kawar da shi da shakka.[14] Shaik Rida Al-muzaffar yana ganin wannan tana nuni ne kan yarda da istis'habi kan shubuhar da ta shafi maudu'i na hukunci.[15]

Mai-maita Sallar Da Aka Yi Da Tufafi Da Ake Da Shakku Kan Tsarkinshi

A wata ruwaya Zurara ya tambayi ɗaya daga cikin Imamai tambayoyi da yawa daga cikin akwai wannan tambayar cewa idan mutum ya yi zaton cewa kayanshi sun najastu, amma ba shi da yaƙini kan haka, duk da haka sai ya duba, sai bai sami komai ba, saboda haka sai ya yi sallah da wannan tufafi, amma bayan sallah sai ya fahimci cewa kayanshi suna da najasa, sai Zurara ya ce shin zai mai-maita sallar ne? Sai Imam ya ba da amsa cewa babu buƙatar ya sake sallah, saboda ya kasance yana da yaƙini kafin sallah, saboda haka ba a warware ko rushe yaƙini da shakka.[16] Amma bisa ra'ayin Shaik Akhun Khurasani ɗaya daga cikin malaamn fiƙihu na ƙarni 14, yana ganin wannan ɓangare na wannan hadisin yana nuni kan istis'habi.[17]

Ƙarin Raka'a A lokacin Shakka

A wata ruwaya da Zurara ya rawaito daga ɗaya daga cikin Ma'sumai cewa duk wanda yake da yaƙini cewa ya yi raka'a uku, amma sai ya yi shakka cewa ya yi ta huɗu ko a a? Sai Imam ya ce ba a warware yaƙini da shakka, ya ta shi ya yi raka'a ta huɗu.[18] Shaik Wahid Bahbahni malamin fiƙihu a ƙarni na 12, yana ganin cewa wannan ruwaya ɗaya ce daga cikin ruwayoyi da suke nuni kan istisihaabi ba tare da shakka ba.[19] Shaik Ansari ya yi shakka kan nunin wannan ruwaya kan istis'habi, saboda shi a gunshi wannan hadisin ba hujja bane kan istis'habi, sai dai idan yaƙinin ya ta'allaƙa ne da raka'a ta uku, kuma ba tare da la'akari da shakka ba cikin raka'a ta huɗu, amma a dai-dai lokacin da fiƙihun shi'a yake ganin cewa idan mutum ya yi shakka tsakanin raka'a ta uku da ta huɗu, to zai yi gini kan kan ya yi raka'a ta huɗu ne, sannan ya yi raka'a ɗaya ƙari daga bayan ya yi sallama.[20]

Wasu Ruwayoyi Masu Kama Da ruwayoyin La Tanƙuzul Yaƙini Bisshak

Ƙari kan ruwayoyin da Zurara ya rawaito, akwai wasu ruwayoyin da suke ɗauke da maganganu da suka yi kama da ruwayar La Tanƙuzul Yaƙina Bisshak, Misali an rawaito daga Imam Kazim (A.S) cewa idan kayi shakka a sallah, to ka yi gini kan yaƙini.[21] ya zo a cikin wani hadisi cewa duk wanda yake da yaƙini sannan ya yi shakka, to kawai ya yi gini kan yaƙininshi, saboda ba a ruguje yaƙini da shakka,[22] a wata jumlar kuma shakka bat a shiga cikin yaƙini.[23]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-Wahid al-Bahbahani, al-Rasa'il al-Usuliyya, shafi na 437.
  2. ↑ al-Fadil al-Lankarani, Sairri Kamil dar Usul al-Fiqh, J14, shafi na 33; al-Muhammadi, Sharh Kifayat al-Usul, J4, shafi na 17.
  3. ↑ Al-Muzaffar, Usul al-Fiqh, J4, shafi na 296.
  4. ↑ Khusrubnah, Manzumatu Fkri Imam Khomeini, shafi na 85.
  5. ↑ Khomeini, Wasilat al-Wusul, J4, shafi na 27; al-Fadil al-Lankarani, Sairri Kamil dar Usul al-Fiqh, J14, shafi na 34.
  6. ↑ al-Fadil al-Lankarani, Sairri Kamil dar Usul al-Fiqh, J14, shafi na 36.
  7. ↑ Wasu adadin Marubuta, Farhang Name-ye Usul al-Fiqh, J1, shafi na 853.
  8. ↑ Al-Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, J1, shafi na 8; Al-Saduq, Illal al-Shara'i, J2, shafi na 361; Al-Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, J2, shafi na 186.
  9. ↑ Al-Ansari, Fara'id al-Usul, J3, shafi na 71.
  10. ↑ Al-Ansari, Fara'id al-Usul, J3, shafi na 71.
  11. ↑ Al-Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, J1, shafi na 8.
  12. ↑ Al-Khoei, Mawsu'at al-Imam al-Khoei, J48, shafi na 15.
  13. ↑ Al-Ansari, Fara'id al-Usul, J3, shafi na 71.
  14. ↑ Al-Khoei, Mawsu'at al-Imam al-Khoei, J48, shafi na 20.
  15. ↑ Al-Muzaffar, Usul al-Fiqh, J4, shafi na 297.
  16. ↑ Al-Saduq, Illal al-Shara'i, J2, shafi na 361.
  17. ↑ Al-Akhund al-Khurasani, Kifayat al-Usul, J2, shafi na 393.
  18. ↑ Al-Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, J2, shafi na 186; Al-Khoei, Mawsu'at al-Imam al-Khoei, J48, shafuka na 69 da 75.
  19. ↑ Al-Wahid al-Bahbahani, al-Rasa'il al-Usuliyya, shafuka na 442 - 443.
  20. ↑ Al-Ansari, Fara'id al-Usul, J3, shafuka na 62 - 63.
  21. ↑ Al-Saduq, Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih, J1, shafi na 351.
  22. ↑ Al-Saduq, Al-Khisal, J2, shafi na 619.
  23. ↑ Al-Tusi, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, J2, shafi na 186.

Nassoshi

  • Al-Akhund al-Khurasani, Muhammad Kazim, "Kifayat al-Usul", Qum, Mu'assasat Al al-Bayt (a.s.) li-Ihya' al-Turath, bugu na 1, 1409 H.
  • Al-Ansari, Murtada, "Fara'id al-Usul", Qum, Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, 1419 H.
  • Khomeini, Ruhollah, "Wasilat al-Wusul ila 'Ilm al-Usul", Qum, Fiqh al-Thaqalayn, bugu na 1, 1443 H.
  • Al-Khoei, Abu al-Qasim, "Mawsu'at al-Imam al-Khoei", Qum, Mu'assasat Ihya' Athar al-Imam al-Khoei, bugu na 1, 1418 H.
  • Al-Saduq, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn, "Al-Khisal", gyara: Ali Akbar Ghafari, Qum, Mu'assasat al-Nashr al-Islami, bugu na 5, 1416 H.
  • Al-Saduq, Muhammad ibn Ali, "Illal al-Shara'i", Qum, Kitab Furushi Davari, 1385 H/ 1966 M.
  • Al-Saduq, Muhammad ibn Ali, "Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih", gyara: Ali Akbar al-Ghafari, Qum, Mu'assasat al-Nashr al-Islami, 1413 H.
  • Al-Tusi, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, "Tahdhib al-Ahkam", gyara: Sayyid Hasan al-Mousawi al-Khurasani, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, bugu na 4, 1407 H.
  • Al-Fadil al-Lankarani, Muhammad, "Sirri Kamil dar Usul al-Fiqh", Qum, Al-Faydiyya, 1377 Sh.
  • Al-Muhammadi al-Bamiyani, Ghulam Ali, "Sharh Kifayat al-Usul", ba wurin bugawa ba, ba wurin bugawa ba, 1385 Sh.
  • Al-Muzaffar, Muhammad Rida, "Usul al-Fiqh", Qum, Isma'iliyyan, ba ranar buguwa ba.
  • Al-Wahid al-Bahbahani, Muhammad Baqir, "al-Rasa'il al-Usuliyya", Qum, Mu'assasat al-'Allama al-Mujaddid al-Wahid al-Bahbahani, bugu na 1, 1416 H.
  • Khusrubnah, Abd al-Husain, "Manzumat Fikri Imam Khomeini", Tehran, Pujuhishgah Farhang wa Andishe Islami, 1395 Sh.
  • Gungun Marubuta, "Farhang Name-ye Usul al-Fiqh", Qum, Pujuhishgah Ulum wa Farhang Islami, bugu na 1, 1389 Sh.
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