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Aƙilu Bin Abi Ɗalib

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Aƙilu Bin Abi Ɗalib
Cikakken SunaAƙilu Bin Abi Ɗalib
AlkunyaAbu Yazid
Ranar haihuwaShekara goma bayan shekarar giwa
Wurin haihuwaMakka
Mahallin rayuwaMadina
Muhajir/AnsarMuhajir
Nasaba/ƘabilaƘuraishawa
Fitattun dangiAbu Ɗalib (Mahaifi), Imam Ali (A.S) (Ɗan uwa), Muslim (Ɗa)
Tarihin rasuwaLokacin hukumar Mu'awiya
ƘabariBaƙi'a
Lokacin musluntaBayan yaƙin Badar
Halartar ƴaƙe-yaƙeya halarci yaƙin mu'utata
Hijira zuwaMadina


Aƙil Bin Abi Ɗalib (Larabci: عقيل بن أبي طالب) ya kasance daga cikin sahhaban Annabi (S.A.W) kuma ɗan uwa ga Imam Ali (A.S). cikin muhimman abubuwa da suka faru kamar binne Annabi (S.A.W) raka jana'izar Sayyida Faɗima (S) ya kasance tare da Imam Ali (A.S).

A lokacin hukumar Imam Ali (A.S), Aƙil ya nemi a biya masa bashi daga kuɗaɗen baitulmali, sai dai kuma ya fuskanci rashin amincewa daga ɓangaren Imam Ali (A.S). wannan labari ya shahara da labarin ƙonanne ƙarfe.

A lokacin yaƙin badar Aƙil ya kasance cikin rundunar mushrikai kuma ya faɗa cikin jerin waɗanda Musulmai suka kama su matsayin fursunan yaƙi. Wasu suna ganin cewa Aƙilu ya jima da musulunta ya je yaƙin badar ne bisa tilashi. Haka nan ya je yaƙin mu'utata cikin Musulmi, amma sakamakon rashin lafiya bai sake halartar yaƙoƙin Annabi ba.

A lokacin halifancin Umar Bin Khaɗɗab, Aƙilu ya kasance yana halartar rarraba dukiyar baitulmali. Ya kuma yi wata ganawa tare da Mu'awiya, amma tare da haka bai gushe ba yana mai cika alƙawari da amana tare da Imam Ali (A.S). Daga cikin ƴaƴan Aƙilu akwai Muslim wanda shi ne ya kasance ɗan aiken Imam Husaini (A.S) zuwa Kufa, a waƙi'ar Karbala aka shahadantar da shi. Yana da gida a Baƙi'a da cikin wannan gida aka binne mutane guda huɗu daga Imaman Shi'a, sai dai cewa Wahabiyawa sun rushe wannan gida a harin da suka ƙaddamar kan Baƙi'a.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Aƙilu ɗa ne ga Abu Ɗalib da Faɗima Bint Asad.[1] Bisa abin da ya zo a wasu rahotanni, Aƙilu ya gaban ɗan uwansa Sayyidina Ali (A.S) da shekaru kusan 20[2] da wannan za mu iya cewa an haifi Aƙilu shekaru goma bayan shekarar giwa.[3]

Aƙilu ya kasance daga ƙabilar ƙuraishawa, mutum ne da yake da ƙwarewa da sani a fannin ilimin nasaba da tarihin Larabawa.[4] Haka nan an bayyana Aƙilu matsayin mutum mai kaifin baki mai saurin ba da amsa.[5] Cikin madogaran tarihin rayuwar sahabbai an bayyana cewa Aƙilu ya rasu a zamanin mulkin Mu'awiya Bin Abi Sufyan[6] ko kuma farkon mulkin Yazid (Kafin waƙi'ar Harra)[7] sannan an binne shi a gidansa da yake cikin maƙabartar baƙi'a.[8]


Musulunta Da Halartar Yaƙe-yaƙe

Aƙil ya musulunta bayan yaƙin badar. Bisa rahotan Ibn Sa'ad a littafin Aɗ-Ɗabaƙatul Kubra, bisa tilas ne Aƙil ya halarci yaƙin badar cikin rundunar mushrikai, kuma a cikin wannan yaƙi an kama shi a matsayin fursuna, sakamakon ba shi da kuɗi, sai baffansa Abbas ne ya biya fidiya ya karɓo shi daga baya ya ƴantar da shi. A cewar Ibn Ƙutaiba, Aƙilu bayan ƴantar da shi kai tsaye ya musulunta[9] Muhammad Sadiƙi Najami, ɗan shi'a mai nazarin tarihi, ya yi hasashen cewa Aƙilu tuntuni ya riga ya musulunta a Makka, sai dai ya kasance yana ɓoye imaninsa, bayan yaƙin badar sai ya bayyana imaninsa.[10] Shima Annabi (S.A.W) kafin fara yaƙin badar ya buƙaci Musulmi idan suka yi ido biyu da Abbas, Aƙilu, Naufal Bin Haris ko Bukhtari, ka da su kashe su saboda an tilasta musu halaratar wannan yaƙi ne ba wai bisa son ransu ba.[11]

Wasu daga marubuta tarihin sahabbai sun ce Aƙilu ya musulnta bayan sulhu hudaibiyya (Shekara ta 6 hijira).[12] Ibn Hajar Asƙalani Ahlus-Sunna marubucin tarihin sahabbai shi kuma ya tafi kan cewa Aƙilu ya musulunta a lokacin fatahu Makka (Shekara ta 6 hijira) bayan nan sai ya koma Madina.[13] A cikin Manaƙibu Ibn Shahre Ashub an yi nuni da cewa Aƙilu ya halarci taron walimar auren Imam Ali (A.S) tare da Faɗima (S) wanda ya kasance a Madina ƴan watanni bayan gama yaƙin badar.[14]

'Annabi (S.A.W) Yana Magana Da Aƙilu:'

Haƙiƙa Ina sonka ta fuska biyu: ina sonka saboda zumunci, kuma ina sonka saboda ƙaunar da kawuna Abu Ɗalib yake yi maka.[15]

A cewar Ibn Hajar Asƙalani, Aƙilu ya halarci yaƙin mu'utata, amma babu rahoto game da halartarsa cikin fatahu Makka, yaƙin ɗayif, yaƙin Khaibar da yaƙin Hunainu, akwai tsammanin hakan ta faru ne sakamakon rashin lafiya ne bai samu damar halartar waɗannan yaƙoƙi ba.[16] Tare da haka, bisa wata riwaya da Zubairu Bin Bakkar ya naƙalto, haƙiƙa Aƙilu ya kasance cikin mutane da suka dake suka tsaye ƙyam a daidai lokacin da wasu daga cikin sojojin musulmi suka arce suka gudu.[17] Annabi (S.A.W) ya keɓance Aƙilu da wani kaso daga abin da aka samu a Khaibar. An ce sakamakon rashin lafiya da yake fama da ita bai samu damar halartar yaƙoƙi ba, domin lamintar da buƙatun rayuwarsa sai aka keɓance shi da wannan kaso aka ba shi don ciyar da iyalansa.[18]

An rawaito adadin hadisan Annabi (S.A.W) ta hanyar Aƙilu Bin Abi Ɗalib.[19] A zamanin halifancin Umar Bin Khaɗɗab an gayyaci Aƙilu domin ya taimaka cikin raba dukiyar baitulmali.[20]

Dangantakar Aƙilu Tare da Imam Ali (A.S)

Aƙilu ya halarci wankan gawar Annabi (S.A.W) da binne shi duka tare da Imam Ali (A.S).[21] Haka nan ya halarci raka jana'izar Sayyida Faɗima (S) da binne ta.[22] Lokacin da Usman ya kori Abu Zar zuwa garin Rabza, Usman ya hana kowa raka Abu Zar, amma Imam Ali (A.S), Hassan (A.S), Husaini (A.S), da Ammar sun fito masa rakiya da bankwana.[23]

Wasiƙar da Aƙilu Bin Abi Ɗalib ya aike wa Imam Ali (AS) game da kasawar mutanen Kufa wajen tunkarar hare-haren Zahhak "Kaiton rayuwa a zamanin da Zahhak ya kawo maka hari! Kuma wannan Zahhak mutum ne mai ƙasƙanci kuma arziƙi. Lokacin da na samu labarin waɗannan abubuwa ([harin Zahhak da rashin aminci na mutanen Kufa], sai na yi zaton cewa mabiyanka da masoyanka sun bar ka. Ya ɗan uwana (ɗan mahaifiyata)! Ka rubuto mini ra'ayinka; idan kuwa kana son mutuwa, zan kawo maka ƴaƴan yan uwanka da zuriyar mahaifinka, domin za mu rayu tare da kai muddin kana raye, kuma za mu mutu tare da kai idan ka mutu. Na rantse da Allah! Ba na son in zauna ko da ɗan lokaci guda a duniya bayan ka. Na rantse da Allah Maɗaukaki! Rayuwarmu bayan ka za ta zama mai ɗaci, mai wahala, kuma marar daɗi. A gare ka salama da rahamar Allah da albarkatunsa su tabbata a gareka.

Nahjus Sa'ada, Mahmudi j5 sh 209-300

Bayan Imam Ali (A.S) ya mayar da hedƙwatar Musulunci zuwa Kufa, Aƙilu ya ci gaba da zama a Madina bai yi ƙaura zuwa Kufa ba, kuma bai halarci yaƙoƙin da Imam Ali (A.S) ya yi ba a lokacin hukumarsa.[24] A cewar Muhammad Sadiƙ Najami babban dalilin da ya hana Aƙilu halartar waɗannan yaƙoƙi shi ne makanta wanda ta faru da shi ne bayan yaƙin mu'utata.[25]

Bayan waƙi'ar Tahkim, Mu'awiya ya tura rundunar mayaƙa ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Zahhak Bin Ƙaisi zuwa Iraƙ.[26] Sayyidina Ali (A.S) shima ya shirya mayaƙansa ƙarƙashin kwamandacin Hujru Bin Adi, kuma sun samu nasara da galaba kan sojojin Zahhak sun ba su kashi.[27] Bayan labarin wannan nasara ya je kunnen Aƙilu sai ya rubutawa Imam Ali wasiƙa ya neman umarni game da halin da yake ciki,[28] sai Imam ya ce masa an riga an tunkuɗe fitinar Zahhak an kuma kawar da ita, saboda haka ya kwantar da hankalinsa ka da ya sa kansa cikin damuwa.[29]

Cikin wasiƙar da Aƙilu ya aikewa da Imam Ali (A.S) a ƙarshe-ƙarshen halifancinsa, ya bayyana masa irin ƙaunar da yake masa, ya kuma bayyana cewa haɗewar da Abdullahi Bin Abi Sarhi ya yi da Mu'awiya ba komai bane sai ƙiyayya ga Allah da Annabi, da kuma ƙoƙarin kashe hasken Allah. Imam Ali (A.S) cikin amsa da ya bawa Aƙilu ya jaddada ci gaba da jihadi kan Mu'awiya, a daidai wannan lokaci dai Imam ya yafewa Aƙilu da ɗansa halartar yaƙi.[30]

Neman Bashi Daga Baituilmali

Babban labari: Ƙissar Ƙonannen Ƙarfe

A lokacin da Imam Ali (A.S) ya kasance riƙe da ragamar halifanci a Kufa Aƙilu ya buƙaci Imam ya ba shi bashi daga baitulmali.[31] Sai Imam Ali (A.S) ya matso da ƙonannen ƙarfe kusa da Aƙilu, lokacin da cikin rashin sani Aƙilu ya damƙe wannan ƙarfe da hannunsu, ya koka da ƙunan wannan ƙarfe. Sai Imam Ali (A.S) ya ce masa: idan har ba zaka iya daurewa ƙunan wannan wuta, ta yaya zaka kau da idanu daga kiyaye haƙƙin sauran mutane.[32] Wannan waƙi'a ta shahara da sunan waƙi'ar ƙonannen ƙarfe.[33]

Ganawar Aƙilu Tare da Mu'awiya

Abdul-Husaini Zarrinkub:
Duk da cewa Mu'awiya ya yi masa (Aƙilu) kyauta da mai yawa, amma Aƙilu bai taɓa kai ƙara kan Ali a gabansa ba, kuma bai taɓa haɗa kai da shi wajen yin gaba ko saɓawa Ali ba.[34]

Bisa wasu rahotanni, Aƙilu ya yi wata ganawa da Mu'awiya.[35] Wasu madogarai na Ahlus-Sunna sun bayyana cewa Aƙilu ne da kansa ya nemi ganawa da Mu'awiya domin neman ya ba shi bashi[36] kuma suna ganin cewa wannan gana ta faru ne sakamakon kyakkyawar alaƙar da take tsakaninsu.[37] Cikin wannan ganawa, Mu'awiya ya ce da Aƙilu bai san cewa ni na fi amfani gare shi fiye da ɗan uwansa ba, da ba zai ƙyale shi ya zo wurina ba. Cikin amsa Aƙilu ya ce ɗan uwansa shi ne mafi alheri gare shi cikin al'amuran addini amma a al'amuran duniya Mu'awiya ya fiye masa amfani. Haka kuma cikin amsa ga tambayar da Mu'awiya ya yi masa game da Imam Ali (A.S). Aƙilu ya kamanta Mu'awiya da babansa Abu Sufyan.

A cewar Ibn Abil Al-Hadid, baki ɗayan marawaita siƙa (Amintattu) sun tafi kan cewa Aƙilu bayan shahadar Imam Ali (A.S) ya je Sham.[38] Haka kuma, Muhammad Sadiƙ Najami tare da ishara zuwa ga tambayoyin da Mu'awiya ya yiwa Aƙilu game da mutane kamar Imam Hassan (A.S) da Zubairu da Marwan, ya tafi kan cewa ganawar Aƙilu da Mu'awiya ta faru bayan shahadar Imam Ali (A.S).[39] Najami ya bayyana cewa manufar haɗuwar Aƙilu tare da Mu'awiya ba ta kasance saboda zumunci ko biya masa bashi ba, bari dai ta kasance bisa cika alƙawari ga Imam Ali (A.S).[40]

Cikin Amsar Aƙilu Ga Mu'awiya Yayin da Ya Tambaye Game da Ali:
"Kamar dai shi (Ali) Annabi ne kuma Sahabbansa (kamar sahabbai ne) sai dai cewa Annabi ba ya cikinsu; kuma kai (Mu'awiya) kana kama da Abu Sufyan ne kuma abokanka (sahabban sa ne) sai dai cewa Abu Sufyan ba ya cikinku[41]

Ƴaƴan Aƙilu

Ibn Sa'ad marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na uku ya ambaci Muslim, Yazid, Sa'id, Jafar, Abu Sa'id Ahwal, Abdullahi, Abdur-Rahman, Abdullahi Asgar, Ali, Jafar Asgar, Hamza, Usman, Ummu Ƙasim, Zainab, Ummu Nu'uman a matsayin ƴaƴan Aƙilu.[42] A wasu madogaran an ambaci Ubaidullahi, Ummu Abdullah, Muhammad, Faɗima, Ummu Hani, Asma'u, Ramla da Zainab suma a matsayin ƴaƴan Aƙilu.[43] د

Shahadar Wasu Adadi Daga Ƴaƴansa A Waƙi'ar Karbala

Cikin ƴaƴan Aƙilu da suka rabauta da samun shahada a Waƙi'ar Karbala akwai Jafar, Muslim, Abdullahi da Abdur-Rahman. Na'am wasu sun ce mutum shida ne daga ƴaƴansa suka yi shahada a Waƙi'ar Karbala.[44] Shaik Mufid, ya ambaci wata yarinsa mai suna Ummu Luƙman wace tare da ƴan uwanta lokacin da suka ji labarin shahadar Imam Husaini (A.S) sun fashe da kuka.[45]

Hoton Ginin Baki'a Kafin A Rushe

Binne Manyan Banu Hashim A Gidan Aƙilu

Babban labari: Gidan Aƙilu

Aƙilu ya kasance yana da wani babban gida a Baƙi'a[46] Bayan wucewar zamani wannan gida ya koma wurin binne mutane daga Banu Hashim[47] daga baya sai aka shigar da shi cikin maƙabartar Baƙi'a. Imamai na cikin Baƙi'a, Faɗima Bint Asad mahaifiyar Aƙilu, Abbbas Bin Abdul-Muɗɗalib[48] suna daga cikin mutanen da aka binne a gidan Aƙilu an yi gini kan ƙaburburansu, sai dai cewa Wahabiyawa sun rushe wannan gini lokacin da suka kai hari kan Baƙi'a.[49]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 31.
  2. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1078.
  3. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 31.
  4. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1078.
  5. ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 69.
  6. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 33; Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1078.
  7. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 439.
  8. ↑ Sama'hudi, Wafa' al-Wafa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 82.
  9. ↑ Ibn Qutiybah, Al-Ma'arif, shafi na 156.
  10. ↑ Najmi, Aqil ibn Abi Talib dar Mizan-i Tarikh-i Sahih, shafi na 49.
  11. ↑ Bal'ami, Tarikhnameh-yi Tabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 128.
  12. ↑ Duba: Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 438.
  13. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 438.
  14. ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashub, Manaqib Al Abi Talib (A.S.), juzu'i na 3, shafi na 354."
  15. ↑ Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab", juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1078.
  16. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, a, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 438.
  17. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 438.
  18. ↑ Najmi, "Angizeh-yi Safar-i Aqil ba Sham wa Paziriftan-i Hadiyeh az Mu'awiyah" , shafi na 76.
  19. ↑ Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Tahzib al-Tahzib, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 2542.
  20. ↑ Ya'qubi, Tarikh-i Ya'qubi juzu'i na 2, shafi na 40.
  21. ↑ Hilali, Kitab Sulaym, shafi na 665.
  22. ↑ Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 43, shafi na 183.
  23. ↑ Kulaiyni, Al-Kafi, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 20.
  24. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 250.
  25. ↑ Najmi, "Angizeh-yi Safar-i Aqil ba Sham wa Paziriftan-i Hadiyeh az Mu'awiyah" , shafi na 76.
  26. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payam-i Imam Amir al-Mu'minin (A.S.), juzu'i na 10, shafi na 55-56.
  27. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payam-i Imam Amir al-Mu'minin (A.S.), juzu'i na 10, shafi na 56.
  28. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payam-i Imam Amir al-Mu'minin (A.S.), juzu'i na 10, shafi na 56."
  29. ↑ Makarim Shirazi, Payam-i Imam Amir al-Mu'minin (A.S.), juzu'i na 10, shafi na 56.
  30. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 250; Madani Shirazi, Ad-Darajat al-Rafi'ah, 1397 Hijira, shafi na 155.
  31. ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashub, Manaqib, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 109.
  32. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 245; Daylami, Irshad al-Qulub, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 216.
  33. ↑ Qummi, Safinat al-Bihar, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 125.
  34. ↑ Zarrinkub, Bamdad-i Islam, shafi na 135.
  35. ↑ Duba: Ibn Abd al-Barr, Al-Isti'ab, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 1078.
  36. ↑ Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 439.
  37. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usdul al-Ghabah, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 560-561.
  38. ↑ Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah, juzu'i na 10, shafi na 250.
  39. ↑ Najmi, Aqil ibn Abi Talib dar Mizan-i Tarikh-i Sahih, shafi na 51.
  40. ↑ Najmi, "Angizeh-yi Safar-i Aqil ba Sham wa Paziriftan-i Hadiyeh az Mu'awiyah" , shafi na 71-72.
  41. ↑ Ibn Athir, Usdul al-Ghabah, 1409 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 560-562.
  42. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 31-32.
  43. ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, shafi na 69-70.
  44. ↑ Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 69-70.
  45. ↑ Mufid, Al-Irshad, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 124.
  46. ↑ Ibn Sa'd, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 33.
  47. ↑ Sama'hudi, Wafa' al-Wafa, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 195.
  48. ↑ Ibn Shabbah, Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Manshurat Dar al-Fikr, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 127.
  49. ↑ Najmi, "Tarikh-i Haram-i A'immah-yi Baqi" , shafi na 175.

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