Bambanci tsakin sauye-sauye na "Bismillahi Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim"

'''Bismillahi Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim'''(Larabci:{{Arabic|بسم الله الرحمنّ الرحيم}}) ko kuma basmala ay ace daga ayoyin [[Kur'ani]] wacce ita ce farkon dukkanin surori in banda [[suratul tauba]], kamar yadda ya zo a riwaya an yi bayanin falaloli game da wannan aya, daga jumlarsu ita ce aya mafi karamci kuma mafi girman ayoyin kur'ani.

[[Muhammad Jawad Mugniyya]] cikin [[tafsirul Al-Kashif]] ya ce “Bismillahir Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim” bayan [[kalmar shahada guda biyu]] ta kasance taken musulmai, musulmai suna fara dukkanin ayyukansa da karatunsu bayan karanta bismilla<ref> Mughniyeh, al-Tafsir al-Kashif, Dar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 24.</ref> a cewar [[Murtada Muɗahhari]] wannan jumla tana daga mafi muhimmancin taken muslunci, sannan don gudun mantuwa ya dace musulmai sun zana rubutunta kan allon zayyana kyawawan rubutu, su kafa a kan bangon gidajensu, sannan gabannin dukkanin ayyukansu su fara da karantata.<ref> Motahari, Panzdeh Guftar, 1389, shafi na 162-163.</ref>

Malaman tafsiri suna cewa ana karanta bismilla gabanin kowanne aiki domin ya zama an fara da sunan Allah<ref> Misali, duba Tabarsi, Majmael al-Bayan, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 54; Fakhr Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 103; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15-17; Tayeb, Ateeb Al Bayan, 1378, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 93.</ref> a cewar Muhammad Husaini ɗabaɗaba'i cikin [[tafsirul Al-mizan]], Allah ya buɗe kur'ani da sunansa mafi darajar suna domin zancensa ya kasance alama da tunawa da shi, haka nan ta haka ya koyar da bayinsa da su dinga buɗe ayyukansu da zantukansu da faraway da sunansa don zama na Allah kuma abin da yake nuna shi.<ref> Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15.</ref>

Malaman fiƙihu cikin babuka misalin [[Sallah|sallah]], [[Aure|aure]], [[farauta]], [[Yankan Shari'a]] da [[abin ci]] da [[abin sha]] sun yi bayani game da bismilla, ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka:

A cewar Rashid Rida wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1282-1354 bayan hijira, daga malaman tafsiri na ahlus-sunna a ƙasar Lubnan, kasancewar bismilla wani ɓangare daga aya ta 30 daga suratul namlim bakiɗayan musulmi sun ittifaƙi cewa ayar kur'ani ce,<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.</ref>] amma game da kasancewarta a farkon kowacce sura shin ay ace mai cin gashin kanta to lallai cikin hakan akwai saɓani tsakanin musulmai,<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.</ref> Alusi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman tafsirin ahlus-sunna, cikin tafsirinsa Ruhul Ma'ani, ya ambaci mahanga guda goma<ref> Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref> ba'arinsu sune kamar haka:

*[[Imamiyya]]: ba'arin sahabbai da tabi'ai, shafi'i da aksarin mabiyansa, wasu ba'arin ma'abota ƙira'a guda bakwai, Asim da kisa'i sun tafi kan cewa bismilla ay ace mai cin gashin kanta kuma wani ɓangare ce daga dukkanin surori in banda suratul tauba.<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi.33; Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref>

2-an naƙalto riwayoyi daga madogaran shi'a da ahlus-sunna daga Annabi (S.A>W) da [[Imaman shi'a]] kan cewa bismilla ay ace mai cin gashin kanta kuma wani ɓangare ce ta bakiɗayan surori in banda suratul tauba.<ref> Misali, duba Hakim Nishaburi, al-Mustadrak Ali al-Sahihin, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, 356-357; Kilini, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 3, 312-313; Baihaqi, Al-Sunan al-Kubari, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi:67; Boroujerdi, Jame al-Ahadith al-Shia, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 128-130.</ref>

*Malik ɗan Anas, Abu Hanifa da mabiyansa, Abu Umar da Yaƙub ɗan Is'haƙ daga ma'abota ƙira'a na garin basara da wasu ba'arin malamai suna ganin bismilla matsayin aya mai cin gashintakuma ana karantata domin nemn tabarruki kuma ta kasance bayanin farko surori, haka nan kuma rarrabewa tsakanin surori,<ref> Rashid Reza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi.34; Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref> kuma bata kasance ɓangaren wata sura in banda abin da ya zo cikin aya ta 30 a suratul namli.<ref> Fakhr Razi, al-Tafseer al-Kabir, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 172.</ref>

*Ahmad ɗan Hanbali, Hamza ɗaya daga ma'abota ƙira'a guda bakwai da wasu ba'ari sun yi amanna da cewa bismilla tana kasancewa aya mai cin gashin kanta kuma kaɗai ɓangare ce na cikin suratul hamdi.<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi.34; Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref>

*Asfirayini, malamin tafsiri na ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na biyar bayan hijira: (Na fara da sunan Allah, mai ikon halicci mutane, mai son azurta mutane, mai son gafarta wa masu biyayya).<ref> Esfraini, Taj al-Tarajm, 1375, shafi na 39.</ref>

*Rashid-dini Abu Fazal Mubidi, malamin tafsiri a ƙarni na shida bayan hijira: (Da sunan Allah mamallakin duniya mai gafara da kyauta).<ref> Meibodi, Kashf al-Asrar, 1371, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.</ref>

*Mulla Husaini Wa'iz Kashifi, malamin tafsiri na shi\a a ƙarni na tara bayain hijira: (Da sunan Allah wanda ya cancanci a bauta masa kuma ya ba da halitta kuma ya rayar da su kuma ya raya su ya raya da karfi da hikima ya kare su daga aibobi).<ref> Kashfi, Jawaher al-Tafseer, 1379, shafi na 330.</ref>

*Tarjamar tafsirin ɗabari wacce ta kasance daga mafi daɗewar tarjamar kur'ani zuwa harshen farisanci: (Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai).<ref> Tabari, Tarjameh TafsirTabari, 1356, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 10.</ref>

*A cikin tarjamomin wannan zamani ma'ana ƙarni na goma sha huɗu da sha biyar bayan hijira, akwai tarjamomi daban-daban da aka yi wa bismilla, mafi yaɗuwa da bazuwarsu itace (Da sunan Allah mai rahama mai jin ƙai).<ref> Alal misali, duba Sajdi, “Muadil farsiri “Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Raheem” dar tarjamehhaye qadim wa jadid kur'an, shafi na 26-30.</ref>

Rahman da Rahim siffofi ne biyu daga siffofin Allah a mahangar mafi yawan malaman tafsiri<ref> Qortubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 104.</ref> an ciro ne daga tushen kalmar “rahamat”<ref> Ibn Qutaiba, Tafsir Gharib al-Qur'an, 1411 AH, shafi na 12; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi 18; Qurtubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1.</ref> galibin malaman tafsiri<ref> Qortubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 105.</ref> sun ce “Rahman” keɓantacciyar siffa ce ta ubangiji.<ref> Misali, duba Sheikh Tusi, al-Tabayan, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 29.</ref> da ma'ana gamammiyar rahama daga Allaha da taje haɗowa da dukkanin bayinsa muminai da kafirai, amma siffar “Rahim” tana shiryarwa ne kan dawwamammiyar rahamarsa da ta keɓanci muminai su kaɗai.<ref> Sheikh Tusi, Al-Tabayan, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 29; Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 18-19; Aroos Hawizi, Tafsir Noor al-Saqlain, 1415 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 12.</ref>

Cikin matanai da tafsiri na irfani, an yi bayanin tafsiri na baɗini game da bismilla,<ref> Misali, duba Qashiri, Lataef al-isharat, 2000 AD, juzu'i na 1, shafi 44; Ibn Arabi, Fatuhat al-Makiyya, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 102; Kashani, Tafsir Ibn Arabi (Tawilat Abd al-Razzaq), 1422 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7.</ref> wasu ba'ari suna cewa ubangiji ta hanyar harafin ba'un ya samar da dukkanin halittu,<ref> Misali, duba Qashiri, Lataef al-Isharat, 2000 AD, juzu'i na 1, shafi 44; Ibn Arabi, Fatuhat Al Makkiyya, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 102.</ref> Ibn Arabi ya ɗabbaka shakalin harafin ba'un da ɗigonsa kan duniyoyi guda ukum da wannan ne shakalin ba'un ya kasance duniyar malakut  sannan ɗigonta duniyar jabruti wasalinta kuma duniyar shahada,<ref> Ibn Arabi, Fatuhat Al Makkiyya, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 102.</ref> Abdur-Razaƙ Kashani shima cikin tafsirinsa yana ganin harafin ba'un ishara ce zuwa ga Aƙlul awwal ko sadirul awwal.<ref> Kashani, Tafsir Ibn Arabi (Tawilat Abd al-Razzaq), 1422 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7.</ref>  

Bisa ra'ayin Mulla Husaini Wa'iz Kashifi cikin Jawahirul tafsir, harafin alifun ishara ce zuwa ga tsarkakakken zati, sakamakon harafin farko ya kasance harafin alphabet, ga Allah Allaha ya zamana taken zati da ya kasance farko komai, daga kasancewarsa ba shi da ɗigo, yafi dacewa da tsantsar samuwa da ya koru daga dukkanin dabaibayi.<ref> Kashfi, Javaher al-Tafsir, 1379, shafi na 334-335.</ref>

Basmalataba cikin jumlar ayoyi da rubutunta ya jawo hankalin ma;abita fasahar kyawunta rubutu, a tsawon tarihi na samar nau'i daban-daban na rubutun basmala.<ref> Mati, "Tasmieh", shafi na 326.</ref> zanen rubutun basmala cikin fasaha tayel ana ƙirga cikin ɗaya daga fasahohin ƙayata zanen gine-gine a ƙasar Iran, akwia kufaifayin daban-daban daga hakan da ya haɗa da masallaci, bakin ƙofar gida da wuraren ibada da ma wurare masu tsarki da ake kafe zanenta.<ref> Mati, "Tasmieh", shafi na 326.</ref> Har ila yau, masu zane-zane na musulmi sun kirkiro ayyuka daban-daban na zane-zane.