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Layi 15: | Layi 15: | ||
== Muhimmanci Mas'alar Shahadar Faɗima (S) == | == Muhimmanci Mas'alar Shahadar Faɗima (S) == | ||
Haƙiƙa | Haƙiƙa mas'alar shahada Faɗima (S) tana daga cikin abubuwa masu muhimmanci da aka yarda da su a [[Shi'a]], sabo da ƴan Shi’a sunyi imani cewa Faɗima ba haka kawai ta rasuba.kaima ta rasu ne sakamakun duka da mari hadda karyamata ƙirji da sawa ta yi ɓarin da wasu daga cikin sahabban [[Annabi (s.a.w)]] suka yi mata,sabo da haka ta yi shahada.saɓanin wanna ra’ayin da ya gabata su Ahlussunnna suntafi kan cewa ita Faɗima ta rasu ne irin mutuwa ta ɗabi’a ko kuma sakamakon wata rashin lafiya da tasameta sakamakon rasuwar mahaaifinta[1] matsalar shahadar Faɗima (S) tana daga cikin matsalar da a | ||
Haƙiƙa | kayi saɓani tsakanin Shi’a da sunna.[2] | ||
Haƙiƙa ƴan shi’a suna da wani lokaci na zaman makoki mai suna Ayyami Fa ɗimiya,sabo da yin zaman makoki kan Faɗima amincin Allah ya tabbata a gareta[3] kuma akwai saɓani kan tarihin shaahadarta inda aka anbaci kwana arba’in bayan wafati mahaifinta tsira da aminci su tabbata a gareshi da iyalan gidan shi da kuma kwana saba’i da biyar bayan wafatin shi, abin mufi 13 ga watan Jimada Ula[5] sai kwana 95[6] wanda ya yi daidai da 3 ga Jimada Akir[7] wanna maganar ta karshe ita magana mafi inganci a gun ƴan Shi’a.[8] | |||
ƴan Shi’a a garuruwa daban-daban suna yi zaman makoki sabo da tinawa da ranar shahadar Faɗima A S kamar yadda yake a Iran ranar uku ga watan Jimada Akir[9] rana ce ta hutu a gwamnatance sabo da tinawa da ranar shahadarta.[10] kasantuwar ƴan shi’a sun yi imani kan cewa halifa Umar shi ne wanda ya yi sanadiyar shahadar Faɗima (S), suna yin maganganu a gurin zaman makokin tinawa da ita waɗanda suke zargi Umar.[11] kai harma abin ya kai ga wasu ƴan shi’a suna farin cikin a ranar tara ga wata Rabi’u Awwal saboda rana ce da aka kashe halifa Umar bisa dogaro da wata ruwaya, kai akwai ma waɗanda suka ɗauketa ranar sallah, da sunan ranar sallar Faɗima Azzahara aminci ya tabbata a gareta.[12] | |||
=== Tarihi === | === Tarihi === | ||
Layi 25: | Layi 26: | ||
==== Asalin Inda Saɓani Ya Fara ==== | ==== Asalin Inda Saɓani Ya Fara ==== | ||
Asalin | Asalin saɓani kan shahadar Faɗima aminci ya tabbata a gareta yana komawa ne sakamakon ita Faɗima ta yi wafati ne bayan rasuwar manzan tsara da aminci su tabbata a gareshi Allah da kwanaki ka ɗan,kuma wanna lokacin mutane suna tajayayya kan halifancin Annabi,sakamakon mutane sun rabu biyu wasu daga cikin Almuhajirun da Ansar sun yiwa halifa Abubakar bai’a a gurin taransu wato Saƙifatu Bani Sa’ida,amma wasu daga cikin sahabbai sun ƙiyarda suyiwa Abubakar bai’a,sabo da sunsa cewa Manzon Allah ya yi wasulci cewa Imam Ali shi ne halifan shi a bayan shi, kuma hakan ne yasa Abubakar ya umarci Umar da wasu mutne cewa su garzayaa zuwa gidan Imam Ali domin su kar ɓi bai’a daga gareshi,a nannefa Abubakar yace zasu ƙona gidan Imam Ali da duk wanda yake cikin indai basuyi bai’a ba.[20] to ana haka ne Faɗima tana kafa hujja kan cewa gonar Fadak tasuce amma wasu daga cikin masu yiwa Abubakar aiki suka kwaceta,to ana hakka ne sai Faɗima taha ɗu da Abubakar sai tanemi da ya daunata da gonarta ta Fadak [21] To bayan yahanata wanna gonar,sai ta yi wata hu ɗuba a masallacin Annabi tsara da aminci su tabbata a gareshi.[22] | ||
Akwai ittifaƙi a litatafan shi’a cewa shi Muhsin wanda yake jariri ne a cikin Faɗima ta yi ɓarin shi bayan kai hari gidanta[23] amma wasu daga cikin litatafan Ahlussuna sunrawaaito cewa shi Muhsin anhaifeshi a raye amma daga baya ne ya rasu yana jarere.[24] amma duk da haka malaminna mai sharhin Nahjulbalaga Ibni Hadid Almu’utazili wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 656 hijira ya yi nuni a muƙabalar da ya yi shi da malamin shi Abi Ja’afar cewa Mugsin anyi ɓarin shi ne bayan kai harin da akayi gidan Fatima domin karbar bai’a daga Imam Ali [25] aminci ya tabbata a gare shi,sanna wanna shi ne ra’ayin Ibrahim ɗan Sayyar wannda akafi sani da Annazam Almu’utazili wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 221 hijira,[26] | Akwai ittifaƙi a litatafan shi’a cewa shi Muhsin wanda yake jariri ne a cikin Faɗima ta yi ɓarin shi bayan kai hari gidanta[23] amma wasu daga cikin litatafan Ahlussuna sunrawaaito cewa shi Muhsin anhaifeshi a raye amma daga baya ne ya rasu yana jarere.[24] amma duk da haka malaminna mai sharhin Nahjulbalaga Ibni Hadid Almu’utazili wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 656 hijira ya yi nuni a muƙabalar da ya yi shi da malamin shi Abi Ja’afar cewa Mugsin anyi ɓarin shi ne bayan kai harin da akayi gidan Fatima domin karbar bai’a daga Imam Ali [25] aminci ya tabbata a gare shi,sanna wanna shi ne ra’ayin Ibrahim ɗan Sayyar wannda akafi sani da Annazam Almu’utazili wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 221 hijira,[26] | ||
Bisa wasu ruwayoyi dayawa suna nuna cewa ita Faɗima anbinneta ne da dare[27] malami mai bincike a ƙarni na 15 hajira shiek Yusifi Alƙarawi yace Faɗima itace ta yi wasici da abinneta cikin dare[28] yazo a cikin ruwayoyi da yawa[29] cewa Faɗima bataso | Bisa wasu ruwayoyi dayawa suna nuna cewa ita Faɗima anbinneta ne da dare[27] malami mai bincike a ƙarni na 15 hajira shiek Yusifi Alƙarawi yace Faɗima itace ta yi wasici da abinneta cikin dare[28] yazo a cikin ruwayoyi da yawa[29] cewa Faɗima bataso waɗanda suka zalincita su halarci jana’izarta ba. | ||
Tabbatar da shahadar Faɗima A S da dalili daga litatafan Shi’a. | Tabbatar da shahadar Faɗima A S da dalili daga litatafan Shi’a. | ||
ƴan Shi’a sun dogara kan shahadar Sayyida Zahra (amincin Allah ya tabbata a gareta) bisa ruwayoyi da suka ha ɗa da, ruwaya daga Imam Al-Kazim A S ta kasance shahida mai gaskiya[30]. Malamin tauhidin Imam Muhammad bin Jarir al- ɗabari ya ambata a cikin littafin Hujjar Imamanci wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadik (a.s) cewa ita Faɗima ta yi shahada ne saboda ɓarin data yi sakamakon dukan da aka yi mata. [31]. Bisa wannan ruwaya cewa ƙunfuth wanda bawan Umar bin Al-Ka ɗ ɗab ne ya yi mata duka bisa umarnin Umar [32], kuma a wata ruwayar da aka zo a cikin Nahj al-Balagha, Imam Ali (a.s) ya yi magana kan al'umma. haduwarsu don halaka Fatimah[33]. | ƴan Shi’a sun dogara kan shahadar Sayyida Zahra (amincin Allah ya tabbata a gareta) bisa ruwayoyi da suka ha ɗa da, ruwaya daga Imam Al-Kazim A S ta kasance shahida mai gaskiya[30]. Malamin tauhidin Imam Muhammad bin Jarir al- ɗabari ya ambata a cikin littafin Hujjar Imamanci wata ruwaya daga Imam Sadik (a.s) cewa ita Faɗima ta yi shahada ne saboda ɓarin data yi sakamakon dukan da aka yi mata. [31]. Bisa wannan ruwaya cewa ƙunfuth wanda bawan Umar bin Al-Ka ɗ ɗab ne ya yi mata duka bisa umarnin Umar [32], kuma a wata ruwayar da aka zo a cikin Nahj al-Balagha, Imam Ali (a.s) ya yi magana kan al'umma. haduwarsu don halaka Fatimah[33]. | ||
Layi 34: | Layi 35: | ||
==== Litatafan Shi’a ==== | ==== Litatafan Shi’a ==== | ||
A cikin littafan Alhujum [farmaki] wanda Abduzzahara ya rubuta akwai ruwaya ɗari biyu da sitttin da kuma abin da tarihi ya kawo ta hanyar masu kawo da naƙalto da ruwaya kimanin mutum ɗari da hamsin 150 kuma dukkansu marubuta kuma ƴan shi’a,kuma kowaca ruwaya tana magana kan wani dalili daga cikin dalilai na shahadar Faɗima Azzahara A S, kamar harin da su Umar sukakai gidanta,zubar mata da ciki,marinta da kayi da kuma dukanta da bulala,[35] littafin da marubuta na shi’a suka dogara da shi akn wani magana shi littafi na Salim ɗan ƙais wanda ya rasu a shekara ta casa’in 90 bayan hijira[36] bisa abin da sheik ɗusi ya rasu a shekara ta 460 hihira ya kawo a cikin littafin Talkisu Shafi yace babu wani | A cikin littafan Alhujum [farmaki] wanda Abduzzahara ya rubuta akwai ruwaya ɗari biyu da sitttin da kuma abin da tarihi ya kawo ta hanyar masu kawo da naƙalto da ruwaya kimanin mutum ɗari da hamsin 150 kuma dukkansu marubuta kuma ƴan shi’a,kuma kowaca ruwaya tana magana kan wani dalili daga cikin dalilai na shahadar Faɗima Azzahara A S, kamar harin da su Umar sukakai gidanta,zubar mata da ciki,marinta da kayi da kuma dukanta da bulala,[35] littafin da marubuta na shi’a suka dogara da shi akn wani magana shi littafi na Salim ɗan ƙais wanda ya rasu a shekara ta casa’in 90 bayan hijira[36] bisa abin da sheik ɗusi ya rasu a shekara ta 460 hihira ya kawo a cikin littafin Talkisu Shafi yace babu wani saɓani a tsakanin ƴan shi’a kan cewa shi Umar ya daki cikin Fa ɗima sanadiyar hakane cikinta ya zobe.[37] kuma ƴan shi’a sun kawo ruwayoyi da dama kan wanna al’amari.[38] | ||
==== Kafa hujjar ƴan shi’a daga Litatafan Ahlus-suna ==== | ==== Kafa hujjar ƴan shi’a daga Litatafan Ahlus-suna ==== | ||
Layi 57: | Layi 58: | ||
==== A litatafan Tarihi Babu abin da Yake Nuna Cewa An ƙona Gidan Fatima (S) ==== | ==== A litatafan Tarihi Babu abin da Yake Nuna Cewa An ƙona Gidan Fatima (S) ==== | ||
Daga cikin tambayoyi da rashin fahimta a matsalar shahadar Fatima A S shi cewa abin da yanzu kan wanna matsala a ltatafan ahlussuna na tarihi da hadisi kawai barazanar ƙona gida ce,amma babu batun cewa ankƙona gidan,[55]amma duk da haka marubuta sun rubata litatafai da yawa bisa dogaro kan wasu litatafai da yawa sun tabbatar cewa lalle ankai hari gidan Faɗima A S.daga cikin litatafan da aka rubuta akwai littafi mai suna kai hari gidan Faɗima.[56] da littafin ƙona gidan Faɗima,kuma wasu daga cikin litatafai sunyi nuni ƙarara kan cewa an daki Faɗima A S kuma k=wani ya shiga gidanta ya zubarmata da ciki[58] Kungiyar marubuta da masu bincike ta Ahlus-Sunnah sun yi shakkun sahihancin isar da sako ga wadannan rahotanni na tarihi,[59] amma wani lokacin matsalarsu ba ta bangaren Sindi ba, misali, Al-Madheesh, marubuciyar Sunna, a cikin littafin Fatima Bint Al-Nabi a matsayin martani ga abubuwan da suka faru na harin da kuma batun faduwar, ya jefar da littafin tarihi ba a la’akari da cewa marubucin Rafidi ne kuma littafinsa ba shi da wata kima ta fuskar kimiyya. ,[60 Ya siffanta abin da Ibn Abd Rabbuh ya ruwaito a cikin littafin Al-Aƙd Al-Farid – wanda ba shi da isnadi – a matsayin abin kyama kuma ya ce Ibn Abd Rabbo yana iya zama dan shi’a, kuma dole ne a binciki akidarsa[61]. abin da ya zo a cikin littafin Al-Imama da Al-Siyasiya a kan cewa ba Ibn ƙutaybah Al-Dinawari ba ne mawallafinsa [62] don inkarin dogaro da maganar Imam Ali (a.s). Har ma Mudheesh ya musanta rubuta littafin Nahj al-Balagha ga Imam Ali[63] amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi.duk da haka wasu marubuta na ahlussunan da kuma ruwayoyi da da yawa | Daga cikin tambayoyi da rashin fahimta a matsalar shahadar Fatima A S shi cewa abin da yanzu kan wanna matsala a ltatafan ahlussuna na tarihi da hadisi kawai barazanar ƙona gida ce,amma babu batun cewa ankƙona gidan,[55]amma duk da haka marubuta sun rubata litatafai da yawa bisa dogaro kan wasu litatafai da yawa sun tabbatar cewa lalle ankai hari gidan Faɗima A S.daga cikin litatafan da aka rubuta akwai littafi mai suna kai hari gidan Faɗima.[56] da littafin ƙona gidan Faɗima,kuma wasu daga cikin litatafai sunyi nuni ƙarara kan cewa an daki Faɗima A S kuma k=wani ya shiga gidanta ya zubarmata da ciki[58] Kungiyar marubuta da masu bincike ta Ahlus-Sunnah sun yi shakkun sahihancin isar da sako ga wadannan rahotanni na tarihi,[59] amma wani lokacin matsalarsu ba ta bangaren Sindi ba, misali, Al-Madheesh, marubuciyar Sunna, a cikin littafin Fatima Bint Al-Nabi a matsayin martani ga abubuwan da suka faru na harin da kuma batun faduwar, ya jefar da littafin tarihi ba a la’akari da cewa marubucin Rafidi ne kuma littafinsa ba shi da wata kima ta fuskar kimiyya. ,[60 Ya siffanta abin da Ibn Abd Rabbuh ya ruwaito a cikin littafin Al-Aƙd Al-Farid – wanda ba shi da isnadi – a matsayin abin kyama kuma ya ce Ibn Abd Rabbo yana iya zama dan shi’a, kuma dole ne a binciki akidarsa[61]. abin da ya zo a cikin littafin Al-Imama da Al-Siyasiya a kan cewa ba Ibn ƙutaybah Al-Dinawari ba ne mawallafinsa [62] don inkarin dogaro da maganar Imam Ali (a.s). Har ma Mudheesh ya musanta rubuta littafin Nahj al-Balagha ga Imam Ali[63] amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi.duk da haka wasu marubuta na ahlussunan da kuma ruwayoyi da da yawa waɗanda aka rawaito kan barazanar ƙona gidan Imam Ali A S,su marubuta basa kore baranar da akayiwa Imam Ali cewa zasu ƙona gidan shi,kuma kazalika basa kire cincirindan da akayi a ƙafar gidan Imam da Faɗima A S,[64] | ||
==== Wasu litatafai sun Bayyana Cewa Rasuwa Ta yi Ba Shahada Ba ==== | ==== Wasu litatafai sun Bayyana Cewa Rasuwa Ta yi Ba Shahada Ba ==== | ||
Daga cikin dalilan da | Daga cikin dalilan da waɗanda suka sa ɓawa yan Shi’a sukayi ruƙi da shi, shi ne cewa su kan su wasu daga cikin litatafan ƴan Shi’a sun fa ɗi cewa Fa ɗima Azzahara ta yi wafati ne ba shahada ba, wasu marubuta na Shi’a sun yi musu raddi cewa yin wafati a luga wati a yare yana da ma’ana mai fa ɗi, ma’anar wafati ta ƙunshi mutuwa irin ta gama gari da kuma mutuwa ta sanadiyar wani abu,kamar wani yabawa wani guba,kamar yadda hakan yazo cikin maƙalar wafatin ko kuma shahadar Fa ɗima Azzahara,kazalika litatafai na tarihi na Ahlussuna sun yi anfani da kalmar wafati a kan Umar da Usman a lokacin da su ankashesu ne [65] hakanan A ɗ ɗabarasi ya kawo a cikin ɗaya daga maganganun shi ya yin da yake magana kan shahadar [[Imam Husaini (A.S)]].[.66] | ||
===Akwai alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin Imam Ali A S da sauran kalifofi=== | ===Akwai alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin Imam Ali A S da sauran kalifofi=== | ||
Daga cikin abubuwan da Ahlussuna suke kafa hujja da shi kan cewar ita Fa ɗima A S ba shahada ta yi ba,akwai alaƙa a tsakanin imam Ali A S da sauaran kalifofi da kuma iyalan gidan shi a cikin wanai littafi mai suna Fa ɗima ƴar Annabi marubucin littafi ya yi ƙori ya baiyana cewa Abubakar da Umar sun kasance suna son Fa ɗima Azzahara sosai [67] duk da haka kuma shi da kan shi ya tabbatar cewa bayan matsalar Fadak Fa ɗima tayanke alaƙarta da Abubakar kuma bata yi mishi bai’a ba [68] Muhammad Nafi’u marubuci ɗan sunna yana da littafi mai suna Ruhama’u Bainahum ya yi ƙoƙari a cikin littafin na shi ya nuna cewa awaki alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin kalifofi uku,wato Abubakar,Umar da Usman da Imam Ali A S [69] kamar yadda yazo cikin wata maƙala da aka bugata a majallar Nida’ul Islam wacce ake bugawa bayan duk wata hu ɗu ƙoƙarin nuna wasu abubuwa da suke nuna kyaun alaƙa tsakanin Imam Ali A S da sauran kalifofi da kuma alaƙar matan da ƴan ƴansu da Fa ɗima A S,kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin nuna cewa irin wanna alaƙar ba tadace musgunamata ba da kuma dukanta da zalintarta ba.[70] | Daga cikin abubuwan da Ahlussuna suke kafa hujja da shi kan cewar ita Fa ɗima A S ba shahada ta yi ba,akwai alaƙa a tsakanin imam Ali A S da sauaran kalifofi da kuma iyalan gidan shi a cikin wanai littafi mai suna Fa ɗima ƴar Annabi marubucin littafi ya yi ƙori ya baiyana cewa Abubakar da Umar sun kasance suna son Fa ɗima Azzahara sosai [67] duk da haka kuma shi da kan shi ya tabbatar cewa bayan matsalar Fadak Fa ɗima tayanke alaƙarta da Abubakar kuma bata yi mishi bai’a ba [68] Muhammad Nafi’u marubuci ɗan sunna yana da littafi mai suna Ruhama’u Bainahum ya yi ƙoƙari a cikin littafin na shi ya nuna cewa awaki alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin kalifofi uku,wato Abubakar,Umar da Usman da Imam Ali A S [69] kamar yadda yazo cikin wata maƙala da aka bugata a majallar Nida’ul Islam wacce ake bugawa bayan duk wata hu ɗu ƙoƙarin nuna wasu abubuwa da suke nuna kyaun alaƙa tsakanin Imam Ali A S da sauran kalifofi da kuma alaƙar matan da ƴan ƴansu da Fa ɗima A S,kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin nuna cewa irin wanna alaƙar ba tadace musgunamata ba da kuma dukanta da zalintarta ba.[70] | ||
Malamin aƙida nan ɗan shi’a Sayyid Murtada wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 436 hijira ya yin da yake raddi kan abin da wasu daga cikin marubuta ƴan sunna sukace,yace gudun mawar da Imam Ali A S ya kasance yana bawa | Malamin aƙida nan ɗan shi’a Sayyid Murtada wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 436 hijira ya yin da yake raddi kan abin da wasu daga cikin marubuta ƴan sunna sukace,yace gudun mawar da Imam Ali A S ya kasance yana bawa halifa Abubakar da Umar da Usman bazai yiyu ba ace kawai sabo da hakan ace yana goyan bayansu ba,sabo da nusar da mutum da kuma fa ɗakar da shi kan kuskure kan hukunce hukunce da kuma kare musulinci wajibi ne kan wana malami[71] Marubucin littafin nan “Dangantakar Siyasar Sayyidina Ali (a.s) da Khalifofi” (Dangatakar Siyasar Imam Ali (a.s) da Khalifofi) ya kuma tattauna matakai 107 na Imam Ali a.s shawarwarin da ya bawa halifofi,kuma a ƙarshe ya kai ga natija da sakamako cewa wanna shawarwarin basa nuna cewa Imam Ali A S yana tare da su halifofin, Shawarar tasu ba ta kasance ta musamman ga Imam ba, a’a, suna cikin tarukan tarukan tarukan tarukan ne da majalissu na gama-gari da kuma lokacin da jama’a suka tambaye su, ba wai halifofi ne suka nada Ali (a.s) a matsayin waziri kuma mai ba su shawara ba. A’a Imam Ali ya kuma ne a fagen siyasance yana aikin noma da haƙar rijiyoyi, kuma idan halifofi suka tuntubi Imam Ali (a.s) don haka babu wata hanya da za ta magance matsalolin da ke tattare da su[72]. | ||
Daga cikin abubuwan da ake kafa dalili da tabbatar da soyayyar Umar da sallamawar shi ga Ahlul Baiti, ita ce aurensa da Ummu Kulsum ƴar Imam Ali, wanda bai dace da cewa shi ne yasa Faɗima A S ta yi shahada ba.[73] ] Akwai masu bincike da suka musanta cewa an yi wannan aure[74] Sayyid Murtada yana ganin cewa aure Ummu Kulsum ya faro ne bisa takurawa da matsin lamba da barazana kan Imam Ali (A.S)[75] sabo da haka ba zai ta ɓa zama dalili na kyawuntar alaƙa tsakanin Imam Ali (A.S) da halifofi ba,[76] kuma akwai ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ A S idan yakira wanna auran da kwace,kuma wanna yana ƙarfafa maganar ƙarfaƙarfa a lokacin yin wanna aure[77] | Daga cikin abubuwan da ake kafa dalili da tabbatar da soyayyar Umar da sallamawar shi ga Ahlul Baiti, ita ce aurensa da Ummu Kulsum ƴar Imam Ali, wanda bai dace da cewa shi ne yasa Faɗima A S ta yi shahada ba.[73] ] Akwai masu bincike da suka musanta cewa an yi wannan aure[74] Sayyid Murtada yana ganin cewa aure Ummu Kulsum ya faro ne bisa takurawa da matsin lamba da barazana kan Imam Ali (A.S)[75] sabo da haka ba zai ta ɓa zama dalili na kyawuntar alaƙa tsakanin Imam Ali (A.S) da halifofi ba,[76] kuma akwai ruwaya daga Imam Sadiƙ A S idan yakira wanna auran da kwace,kuma wanna yana ƙarfafa maganar ƙarfaƙarfa a lokacin yin wanna aure[77] | ||