Bambanci tsakin sauye-sauye na "Bismillahi Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim"

'''Bismillahi Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim'''(Larabci:{{Arabic|بسم الله الرحمنّ الرحيم}}) ko kuma basmala aya ce daga ayoyin [[Kur'ani]] wacce ita ce farkon dukkanin surori in banda [[suratul tauba]], kamar yadda ya zo a riwaya an yi bayanin falaloli game da wannan aya, daga jumlarsu ita ce aya mafi karamci kuma mafi girman ayoyin kur'ani.

Malamai suna ganin ayar bismilla daga mafi muhimmancin taken muslunci tare da yin nasiha kan fara yin bismillah gabanin kowanne aiki.

[[Imamiyya]] da ba'arin malaman ahlus-sunna sun tafi kan cewa bismilla aya ce mai zaman kanta a cikin kowacce sura kuma wani yank ice ta wannan sura, sai dai kuma wasu ba'arin ahlus-sunna suna ganin cewa kaɗai cikin [[suratul fatiha]] ce basmala ta kasance aya mai cin gashin kanta kuma wani yanki na wannan sura, wasu kuma suka ce hatta a cikin suratul fatiha bata kasance aya mai cin gashin kanta ba, bari dai kadai ana karanta ta a farkon kowacce sura in banda suratul tauba domin neman tabarruki.

== Muhummancin Bismilla Cikin Saƙafar Muslunci ==

[[Muhammad Jawad Mugniyya]] cikin [[tafsirul Al-Kashif]] ya ce “Bismillahir Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim” bayan [[kalmar shahada guda biyu]] ta kasance taken [[Musulmi|musulmai]], [[musulmai]] suna fara dukkanin ayyukansa da karatunsu bayan karanta bismilla<ref> Mughniyeh, al-Tafsir al-Kashif, Dar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 24.</ref> a cewar [[Murtada Muɗahhari]] wannan jumla tana daga mafi muhimmancin taken muslunci, sannan don gudun mantuwa ya dace musulmai sun zana rubutunta kan allon zayyana kyawawan rubutu, su kafa a kan bangon gidajensu, sannan gabannin dukkanin ayyukansu su fara da karantata.<ref> Motahari, Panzdeh Guftar, 1389, shafi na 162-163.</ref>

An ce daga abubuwan da suka bazu da yaɗuwa tsakanin musulman Iran shin c cewa domin neman albarka da neman tsari daga sharri da bala'o'I haƙiƙa suna rubuta wannan aya kan dutse ko tiles sannan su kafeta kan baƙin kofar gida<ref>موسوی آملی، [https://www.ensani.ir/fa/article/46398/سر-در-نوشته-های-قرآن «سر در نوشته‌های قرآن»]، سایت پرتال علوم اسلامی.</ref> sakamakon yawan amfani da bismilla a farkon kowanne aiki wannan jumla wani lokaci a harshen farisanci maimakon amfani da fi'ilai misalin (Befarmayi) ko (Beshatabi) sai ayi amfani da ita.<ref> Moini, Amsal wa  ta'abiri Kur'ani, 1394, shafi na 153-155.</ref> haka nan a farkon risala ko littafai kalmar (bismillahir rahmanir Rahim) ana rubuta da tarjamar farisanci (Bename khodawande bakhshande mehraban) ko kuma wata jumla kwatankwacin haka..<ref>[https://kalamesabz.com/ترتیب-پایان-نامه-نویسی/ «ترتیب پایان نامه نویسی»]، سایت کلام سبز.</ref>

An ce a farkon annabta Annabi (S.A.W) ya kasance yana amfani da jumlar “Bismikallahumma” a farkon wasisƙunsa da makamantansu<ref> Qalqshandi, Sobh al-Ashi fi Sanaa al-Ansha, Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 480.</ref>] har zuwa lokacin da ayar

bayan Saukarta sai ya koma karanta bismillah a kammalenta.<ref> Jisas, Ahkam al-Qur'an, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7.</ref> wasu ba'ari sun tafi kan cewa “bismillahir Ar-rahmanir Rahim” cewa itace aya ta farko da ta sauka tare da suratul alaƙ wurin Annabi (S.A.W).<ref> Misali, duba Tabari, Jame al-Bayan, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 38.</ref>

=== Falaloli ===

Akwai riwayoyi da suka daga tafsiran shi'a da ahlus-sunna da suke bayani kan darajoji da falalolinta, ƙurɗubi cikin tafsirinsa ya naƙalto daga [[Imam Ali (A.S)]] cewa ita bismilla magani daga dukkanin cuta kuma mai taimako ce ga duk wani magani.<ref> Qortubi, Al-Jamael ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107.</ref> kan asasin wani yankin riwaya cikin [[tafsirul Ayyashi]] naƙali daga [[Imam Rida (A.S)]]. wannan aya ta kasance mafi karamci mafi girman ayoyin kur'ani.<ref> Ayashi, Tafsir al-Ayyashi, 2013, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 21.</ref> haka nan cikin ba'arin riwayoyi ya zo cewa kyawunta rubutata domin girmama ubangiji yana sanya samun gafarar ubangiji,<ref> Siyuti, Durrul al-Manthor, Dar al-Fakr, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 27.</ref> karantata hanya ce ta kuɓuta daga wutar jahannama,<ref> Bahrani, al-Burhan fi Tafsir Kur'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 99.</ref> cikin ba'arin riwayoyian naƙalto cewa an tattaro sirrikan bakiɗayan litattafan sama a cikin kur'an, sannan dukkanin abin da yake cikin kur'ani yana cikin fatiha, kuma dukkanin abin da yake fatiha yana ƙunshe cikin bismilla.<ref> Kundozi, Yanabi Al Mowadda, 1422 AH, Juzu'i na 1, 213.</ref>

==== Farawa da Sunan Allah ====

Malaman tafsiri suna cewa ana karanta bismilla gabanin kowanne aiki domin ya zama an fara da sunan Allah<ref> Misali, duba Tabarsi, Majmael al-Bayan, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 54; Fakhr Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 103; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15-17; Tayeb, Ateeb Al Bayan, 1378, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 93.</ref> a cewar Muhammad Husaini ɗabaɗaba'i cikin [[tafsirul Al-mizan]], Allah ya buɗe kur'ani da sunansa mafi darajar suna domin zancensa ya kasance alama da tunawa da shi, haka nan ta haka ya koyar da bayinsa da su dinga buɗe ayyukansu da zantukansu da farawa da sunansa don zama na Allah kuma abin da yake nuna shi.<ref> Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15.</ref>

==== Ma'anar Bismilla ====

Wasu ba'ari malaman tafsiri suna da ra'ayin cewa harafin ba'un a cikin bismilla yana bada ma'anar faraway, ma'ana lokacin da wani mutum yake faɗin “Bismilla” ma'anarta shi ne cewa yana fara aikinsa da sunan Allah.<ref> Misali, duba Ibn Qutaiba, Tafsir Gharib al-Qur'an, 1411H, shafi na 39; Tabarsi, Majma al-Bayan, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 54; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi 17; Hakim, Tafsirin Suratul Hamd, 1420H, shafi na 152-153.</ref> wasu jama'a daban suna cewa harafin ba'un bai da wata keɓantacciyar ma'ana, kaɗai furta bismilla ana yinsa ne da niyya ambaton sunan Allah da kuma neman albarkarsa cikin yin aiki.<ref> Khumaini, [[Tafsirul Al-Kur'anul Karim]], 1418H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 95.</ref>

Wasu ba'ari daban kuma suna cewa sakamakon babu mamaici a kur'ani, bismilla a kowacce suta tana da keɓantacciyar ma'ana da take da alaƙa da saƙon ayoyin wannan sura,<ref> Qashiri, Lataef al-isharat, 2000 AD, juzu'i na 1, shafi.44; Khumaini, Tafsirin Al-Kur'anul Karim, 1418 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 96.</ref>] cikin tafsirin Ayyashi, an naƙalto riwaya daga [[Imam Sadiƙ (A.S)]] cikin tafsirin bismilla cikinsa harafin ba'aun ya zo da ma'anar “Baha'u” hasken Allah, harafin sinun “Sana'ullahi” ɗaukakar Allah, harafin mimun “Majdullahi” girmamarsa.<ref> Ayayyshi, Tafsir al-Ayyashi, 2013, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 22.</ref>

==== Hukunce-hukuncen Fiƙihu Game da Bismilla ====

Malaman fiƙihu cikin babuka misalin [[Ɗahara|ɗahara]] [[Sallah|sallah]], [[Aure|aure]], [[farauta]], [[Yankan Shari'a]] da [[abin ci]] da [[abin sha]] sun yi bayani game da bismilla, ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka:

====Shin Bismilla Aya ce Main Cin gashin kanta? ====

A cewar Rashid Rida wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1282-1354 bayan hijira, daga malaman tafsiri na ahlus-sunna a ƙasar Lubnan, kasancewar bismilla wani ɓangare daga aya ta 30 daga suratul namlim bakiɗayan [[musulmi]] sun ittifaƙi cewa ayar kur'ani ce,<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.</ref>] amma game da kasancewarta a farkon kowacce sura shin aya ce mai cin gashin kanta to lallai cikin hakan akwai saɓani tsakanin musulmai,<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.</ref> Alusi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malaman tafsirin ahlus-sunna, cikin tafsirinsa Ruhul Ma'ani, ya ambaci mahanga guda goma<ref> Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref> ba'arinsu sune kamar haka:

1-Ijma'in sahabbai kan cewa cikin [[Mus'haf|mus'haf]] na farko, a farkon kowacce sura idan ka cire tauba akwai bismilla.<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 33.</ref>

2-an naƙalto riwayoyi daga madogaran shi'a da ahlus-sunna daga Annabi (S.A>W) da [[Imaman shi'a]] kan cewa bismilla aya ce mai cin gashin kanta kuma wani ɓangare ce ta bakiɗayan surori in banda suratul tauba.<ref> Misali, duba Hakim Nishaburi, al-Mustadrak Ali al-Sahihin, 1411 AH, juzu'i na 1, 356-357; Kilini, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 3, 312-313; Baihaqi, Al-Sunan al-Kubari, 1424 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi:67; Boroujerdi, Jame al-Ahadith al-Shia, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 128-130.</ref>

3-Sirar musulmai tun lokacin da Annabi (S.A.W) yake raye ta kasance a farkon kowacce sura in banda tauba ana farawa da karanta bismilla, idan bismilla ba ɓangare bace daga kur'ani, wajibi ne kan Annabi (S.A.W) ya yi wa musulmai bayani don gudun zama sababin ɓacewar musulmai.<ref> Khoi, Al-Bayan, Mu'assasa  Ihya'i Asare Khoyi</ref>

* Malik ɗan Anas, [[Abu Hanifa]] da mabiyansa, Abu Umar da Yaƙub ɗan Is'haƙ daga ma'abota ƙira'a na garin basara da wasu ba'arin malamai suna ganin bismilla matsayin aya mai cin gashintakuma ana karantata domin nemn tabarruki kuma ta kasance bayanin farko surori, haka nan kuma rarrabewa tsakanin surori,<ref> Rashid Reza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi.34; Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref> kuma bata kasance ɓangaren wata sura in banda abin da ya zo cikin aya ta 30 a suratul namli.<ref> Fakhr Razi, al-Tafseer al-Kabir, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 172.</ref>

* [[Ahmad ɗan Hanbal]], Hamza ɗaya daga ma'abota ƙira'a guda bakwai da wasu ba'ari sun yi amanna da cewa bismilla tana kasancewa aya mai cin gashin kanta kuma kaɗai ɓangare ce na cikin suratul hamdi.<ref> Rashidreza, Tafsir al-Manar, 1990, juzu'i na 1, shafi.34; Alousi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 41.</ref>

==== Tarjamar Bismillahir Ar-Rahmanir Ar-Rahim ====

* Asfirayini, malamin tafsiri na ahlus-sunna a ƙarni na biyar bayan hijira: (Na fara da sunan Allah, mai ikon halicci mutane, mai son azurta mutane, mai son gafarta wa masu biyayya).<ref> Esfraini, Taj al-Tarajm, 1375, shafi na 39.</ref>

* Rashid-dini Abu Fazal Mubidi, malamin tafsiri a ƙarni na shida bayan hijira: (Da sunan Allah mamallakin duniya mai gafara da kyauta).<ref> Meibodi, Kashf al-Asrar, 1371, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.</ref>

* [[Mulla Husaini Wa'iz Kashifi]], malamin tafsiri na shi\a a ƙarni na tara bayain hijira: (Da sunan Allah wanda ya cancanci a bauta masa kuma ya ba da halitta kuma ya rayar da su kuma ya raya su ya raya da karfi da hikima ya kare su daga aibobi).<ref> Kashfi, Jawaher al-Tafseer, 1379, shafi na 330.</ref>

* Tarjamar tafsirin ɗabari wacce ta kasance daga mafi daɗewar tarjamar kur'ani zuwa harshen farisanci: (Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai).<ref> Tabari, Tarjameh TafsirTabari, 1356, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 10.</ref>

* A cikin tarjamomin wannan zamani ma'ana ƙarni na goma sha huɗu da sha biyar bayan hijira, akwai tarjamomi daban-daban da aka yi wa bismilla, mafi yaɗuwa da bazuwarsu itace (Da sunan Allah mai rahama mai jin ƙai).<ref> Alal misali, duba Sajdi, “Muadil farsiri “Bism Allah al-Rahman al-Raheem” dar tarjamehhaye qadim wa jadid kur'an, shafi na 26-30.</ref>

==== Bambanci Tsakanin Rahman da Rahim ====

Rahman da Rahim siffofi ne biyu daga siffofin Allah a mahangar mafi yawan malaman tafsiri<ref> Qortubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 104.</ref> an ciro ne daga tushen kalmar “rahamat”<ref> Ibn Qutaiba, Tafsir Gharib al-Qur'an, 1411 AH, shafi na 12; Tabatabaei, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi 18; Qurtubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1.</ref> galibin malaman tafsiri<ref> Qortubi, Al-Jamae ahkam Al-Qur'an, 1364, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 105.</ref> sun ce “Rahman” keɓantacciyar siffa ce ta ubangiji.<ref> Misali, duba Sheikh Tusi, al-Tabayan, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 29.</ref> da ma'ana gamammiyar rahama daga Allaha da taje haɗowa da dukkanin bayinsa muminai da kafirai, amma siffar “Rahim” tana shiryarwa ne kan dawwamammiyar rahamarsa da ta keɓanci [[muminai]] su kaɗai.<ref> Sheikh Tusi, Al-Tabayan, Dar Ihya Al-Trath al-Arabi, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 29; Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1363, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 18-19; Aroos Hawizi, Tafsir Noor al-Saqlain, 1415 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 12.</ref>

==== Tafsirin Irfani ====

Cikin ba'arin matanai da tafsiran irfani, “Rahman” ta zo da ma'anar mai rahama da failar samuwa da kamala ga dukkanin masu ababen samuwa, kan asasin hikima da tanadinsu ne ta zo,<ref> Kashani, Tafsir Ibn Arabi (Tawilat Abd al-Razzaq), 1422 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7; Qonavi, Ejaz Al Bayan, 1381, shafi na 173; Sultan Alisha, Bayan al-Saada, 1408 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 28.</ref> sannan kalmar “Rahim” tana ma'anar mai kwarara kalamar ma'anawiyya kebantacciya ga mutum.<ref> Kashani, Tafsir Ibn Arabi (Tawilat Abd al-Razzaq), 1422 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 7</ref>

==== Ayyukan Fasaha Cikin Rubutun Bismilla ====

Basmala cikin waƙa da adabi wani lokaci za ka samu ta zo a farko baitin waƙa.<ref> Misali, duba Nizami, Kullliat Divan Hakim Nizami Ganjaei, 1335, shafi na 9.</ref> wani lokacin kuma saƙon baitukan waƙar ya ƙunshi basmala daga nasiha fara kowanne aiki da sunan Allah cikin rera waƙen.<ref> Mati, "Tasmieh", shafi na 326.</ref>

Basmala cikin adabin farisanci, cikin isɗilahi misalin”Murƙu bismil” da ma'anar kazar da aka yanke wuyanta da kuma “Murƙu basmal” kazar da bat agama mutuwa ba, haka nan “Basmal gahe” da ma'ana mahauta ko mayanka.<ref> Moini, Amsal wa ta'abir Kur'ani, 1394, shafi na 159; Mati, "Tasmieh", shafi na 326.</ref>