Sariyya

Daga wikishia

Sariyya (Larabci: السرية) ko Ba’as, wasu yaƙe-yaƙe da suka kasance a zamanin Annabi Akram (S.A.W) ba tare da halarta Annabi (S.A.W) cikin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe ba, da suka kasance ƙarƙashin kwamadancin ɗaya daga cikin Sahabba. Asalin Hadafi kan Sariyya, shi ne shelanta shiri da kuma irin ƙarfin da musulmai suke da shi da kuma sauran haduffan na rassa misalin tabligi, kare kai, hari, da tattaro rahotannin sirri daga Abokan gaba Cikin wata riwaya daga Imam Hadi (A.S) ya bayyana adadin Sariyyar Annabi (S.A.W) sun kasance guda 55, tare da haka cikin litattafan tarihi an naƙalto adadin 35, 48, da 66 daga Sariyya, a cewar Jafar Subhani wasu Sariyyoyi ba a sa su cikin lissafi ba sakamakon ƙarancin adadin mutanen da suka je, da wannan dalili ne aka samu saɓanin ra’ayi cikin ƙididdige adadin Sariyyoyi. Sariyyatu Hamza Bn Abdul-Muɗɗalib wacce aka yi a gaɓar Kan Jan Teku (Red Sea) a nahiyar Isu, Sariyyatu Ubaidatu Bn Haris zuwa Saharar Rabigu, Sariyyatu Sa’ad Bn Abi Waƙas zuwa Kharraru, sun kasance farkon Sariyyoyiu da aka bada rahoto, Dakarun muslunci cikin Sariyyoyi sun Bambanta bisa la’akari da dacewa da ƙarfi da kuma adadin abokan gaba da kuma la’akari da nau’in yaƙi, a wani lokaci za ka samu tsirarun adadi cikin wata sariyya a wani lokacin kuma za ka samu an aika dubunnan Dakaru

Gabatarwa Da Dalilin Sanya Suna

Cikin litattafan tarihin muslunci, ana kasa yaƙe-yaƙen Annabi (S.A.W) zuwa kashi biyu [1] yaƙe-yaƙen da Annabi (S.A.W) ya hallara cikinsu kuma kai tsaye ya kasance kwamanda, ana kiransu da suna “Gazwa” sannan waɗanda bai hallara cikinsu ba, sai dai cewa ya ayyana kwamanda tare da dakaru zuwa wani yanki, ana kiran su da “Sariyya” ko “Ba’as” [2] tare da haka, wasu ba’arin masu bincike sun tafi kan cewa ta’arifin da aka ambata bai kasance dandaƙaƙƙen ta’arifi ba, yaƙe-yaƙen Annabi waɗanda suka kasance a bayyane tare da tarin adadin mayaƙa masu yawa kuma suka kasance tsararru, su ne ake kira da Gazwa, sannan yaƙe-yaƙensa da suka kasance a ɓoye tare da tsirarun Dakaru kuma ba tsararru ba, su ne ake kira da Sariyya, [3] waɗannan ta’rifai biyu basu da wani bambanci cikin misdaƙin Gazwa da Sariyya, saboda kan asasin ta’arifi na ƙartshe, Annabi bai kasance yana shiga yaƙe-yaƙen da suka kasance cikin tsirarun dakaru ba, kuma hadafin yin su shi ne cutar da Abokan gaba ko kuma saninsu. [4] a cewar Ibn Asir marubucin littafin Al-Nihatu fi Garibil Al-Hadis wal Al-Asar, bisa la’akari da kasancewa kaɗai zaɓaɓɓun mutane ne suke zuwa waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe shi ne dalilin kiran waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe da sunan Sariyya, saboda ita kalmar “Sariyya” tana da ma’anar Nafis (Abu Mai daraja) [5]

Hadafi Daga Sariyyoyi

an ce asalin hadafin Annabi (S.A.W) cikin Sariyyoyi ya kasance nuna shiri da ƙarfin musulmi. [6] a cewar Sayyid Murtada Amili marubucin littafin Al-Sahihu Min Siratin An-Nabiyil Al-A’azam, Sariyyoyin Annabi sun kasance sakamakon illoli guda biyu, 1 tabligin Addinin muslunci; 2 tarwatsa taron masu shirin tada fitina cikin kai harin kan musulmai. [7] tare da haka wasu ba’arin masu bincike, sun kasa Sariyyoyi zuwa kashi huɗu. [8] Sariyyoyin Tabligin, kamar misalin Sariyyatu Raji’u [9] wacce bisa la’akari da sharuɗɗa da yanayin mahalli ta kasance a sirranci a ɓoye, [10] Sariyyatu Difa’iyya wacce ta kasance domin kare muradu da buƙatun musulmai ko kuma domin ƙalubalantar maƙika. [11] Sariyyatu tahajumi (ta kai hari) misalin Sariyyatu Hamza Bn Abdul-Muɗɗalib [12] wacce aka shammaci abokan gaba cikinta, yawanci waɗannan sariyyoyi sun kasance a garuruwa masu nisan gaske. [13] Sariyyoyi na tattaro rahotannin sirri daga abokan gaba, misalin Sariyyatu Abdullahi Bn Jahash, [14] waɗanda sun kasance ɓoye a sirrance da hadafin tattaro bayanai da rahotannin sirri daga abokan gaba ko kuma inda maƙiya suka taru. [15] cikin baɗayan Sariyyoyi Annabi (S.A.W) ya bada umarni idan aka samu nasara to kada abi bayan abokan gaba, [16] kuma yanke shawara da yaya za a zartar da Sariyyoyi yana kasancewa ne ƙarƙashin kulawar Annabi (S.A.W) da makusantan Sahabbansa. [17] Annabi (S.A.W) cikin zaɓar wa zai kasance kwamanda ya kasance yana muhimantar da siffofi misalin jarumtaka da kuma sanin fannoni da dabarun yaƙi. [18]


ƙididdiga

Asalin Maƙala: Fihirisar Yaƙe-yaƙen Annabi (S.A.W)

Kan asasin riwayar da aka naƙalto cikin littafin Tazkiratul Al-Khawas, adadin Sariyyoyin Annabi (S.A.W) sun kasance yaƙe-yaƙe guda hamsin da biyar, [19] marubutan tarihi sun yi saɓanin cikin ƙididdige adadin Sariyyoyi, Muhammad Ibrahim Ayati cikin littafin Tarikh Islam, ya lissafa adadi 82 matsayin Sariyyoyi, [20] Mas’udi cikin littafin Murujuz Az-Zahab ya naƙalto Sariyyo 35 daga ba’arin marubuta tarihi, daga Muhammad Bn Jarir ɗabari ya naƙalto 48, daga wasu ba’arin daban kuma ya naƙalto 66, [21] Fadlu Bn Hassan ɗabarasi cikin Elamul Al-Wara ya rubuta Sariyyoyi 36. [22] a ra’ayin Jafar Subhani marubucin littafin Furug Abdit, wasu ba’arin Sariyyoyi ba a rubuta su ba sakamakon ƙarantar adadin mutanen da suka kasance cikinsu, da wannan dalili aka samu saɓani cikin ƙididdige adadin Sariyyoyi, [23] a rahotan Muhammad Bn Umar Waƙidi marubucin tarihi a ƙarni na biyu, Sariyyatu Hamza Bn Abdul-Muɗɗalalib, Sariyyatu Ubaidu Bn Haris da Sariyyatu Sa’ad Bn Abi Waƙas sun kasance Sariyyoyi na farko a shekara ta farko bayan hijira. [24] Adadin Dakarun muslunci a Sariyyoyi yana dacewa da ƙarfi da kuma yawan adadin abokan gaba, Yana bambanta bisa ga nau'in aikin kuma a wasu lokuta an aika wasu mutane kaɗan don wasu Sariyyoyi, wasu kuma an aika dakaru dubu uku (misali a cikin Sariyyatu Usama Bin Zaid). [25] A cewar marubun littafin Fannul Al-Harbil Al-Islami fi Ahadil Al-Rasul (S.A.W) asarar da Dakarun muslunci suka fuskanta cikin yaƙe-yaƙen Annabi (S.A.W) tafi ta sauran yaƙe-yaƙe. [26] illa da sababin hakan ya faru ne daga rashin taka tsantsan daga ba’arin Kwamandoji, fifikon ƙarfin Abokan gaba da kuma rashin tabbatar da asalin harin ba shiri ba tsammani. [27] haka kuma wasu ba’arin Sariyyoyi da suka kasance domin kira zuwa ga muslunci, sakamakon sakaci an fuskanci asara mai yawan gaske a cikinsu, ta kai ga a cikin ba’arinsu an kashe bakiɗayan dakarun musulmai da aka tura su wannan aiki. [28] galibin Sariyyoyi sun kasance a shekarar farkon hijira a kusa da garin Madina. [29] ba’arin Sariyyoyi sun kasance cikin sharhin da zai zo a ƙasa:

Sunan Sariyya Dakarun Muslunci Hadafi Dakarun Abokan Gaba wurin Da Aka Yi Yaƙi Lokacin Da Aka Yi Yaƙi Natija
1 Sariyyatu Hamza Mutane 30 ƙarƙashin kwamandacin Hamza Bn Abdul-Muɗɗalib Cutar da tattalin arziƙin abokan gaba Mutane 300 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Abu Jahal Iss (Bahar Maliya) Watan Ramadan 1 hijiri an gama ba tare da gwabza yaƙi ba.[30]
2 Sariyyatu Ubaida Bn Haris Mutane 60 mdaga Muhajirun ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Ubaida Bn Haris Yin sintiri da nisantar da haɗari mai iya yiwuwa Mutane 200 ƙarƙasjin kwamandancin Abu Sufyan Saharar Rabig Shawwal 1 hijiri guduwar abokan gaba.[31]
3 Sariyyatu Sa'ad Bn Abi Waƙas Mutane 8 ko 20 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Sa'ad Bn Abi Waƙas Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ga abokan gaba Mutane 4 (ko 39) karkashin jagorancin Amr bin Al-Hadrami Nakhla Baina tsakanin Makka da ɗa'if watan Zil ƙi'ida 1 hijiri Musulmi ba sa isa ga ayarin kasuwanci.[32]
4 Sariyyatu Abdullahi Bn Jahash Mutane 8-12 daga Muhajirun ƙarashin kwamandancin Abdullahi Bn Jahash Samo bayanan sirri da sanin abokan gaba Mutane 39 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Amru Bn Al-Hadrami Nakhla tsakanin Makka da ɗa'if Rajab, 2 Hijiri Dauƙar ganima daga musulmi a karon farko.[33]
5 Sariyyatu Zaidu Bn Haris (Sariyyatu ƙarada) Mutane 100 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Zaidu Bn Harisa cutar da tattalin arziƙin Mushrikai da rusa tsaron `yan kasuwar ƙuraishawa tsakanin Iraƙi da Sham Ayarin Bani Umayya ƙarƙashin jagarancin Safwan Bn Umayya ƙarada kilomita 150 daga Madina Jima Akhar 3 hijiri Samun ganimar dirhama dubu ɗari.[34]
6 Sariyyatu Abi Salma Mutum 150 daga Mahaya da masu tafiya a ƙafa ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Abi Salma Kawar da maƙarƙashiyar sojojin makiya kafin faruwar hakan Bani Asadi ƙarƙashin Jagorancin ɗulaiha ƙaɗan kilomita 230 daga Madina Muharram 4 hijiri Guduwar Bani Asad da komawar musulmi Madina tare da tarin Ganima.[35]
7 Sariyyatu Bi'iri Ma'una Malaman Kur'ani guda 40 Tabligin muslunci a Najad Mutanen Najad ƙarƙashin kwamandancin ɗufaili Bi'iri Ma'una Safar 4 hijiri Shahadar dukkanin malaman Kur'ani in banda mutun ɗaya.[36]
8 Sariyyatu Raji'i Malaman Kur'ani shida ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mursad Bn Mursad Ganawi Tabligin muslunci a cikin ƙabilar Adhal da ƙara wasu Jama'a daga ƙabilar Adhal da ƙara Raji'i (280 km daga Madina)Jama'a daga ƙabilar Adhal da ƙara Safar 4 hijiri Mutum huɗu sun yi shahada sannan an kama sauran biyun.[37]
9 Sariyyatu Ubaida Bn Jarra Mutum 40 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Ubaida Bn Jarra ladabtar da 'yan ƙabilar Bani Sa'alabah da Bani Muharib da Bani Anmar da suka yi niyyar kai wa Madina hari. Kabilar Bani Sa'alaba, Bani Anmar da Bani Muhareb Zil ƙissa Rabi'u Sani 6 hijiri Abokan gaba sun gudu zuwa tsaunuka suna kwashe tumaki da yawa.[38]
10 Sariyyatu Abdur-Rahman Bn Aufi Mutane 700 ƙarƙashim kwamandancin Abdur-Rahman Bn Aufi Kiran Bani Kalbi zuwa muslunci Bani Kalbi Daumatu Jandal Sha'aban 6 Hijiri Musluntar ƙabilar Bani Kalbi ba tare da zubar da jini ba.[39]
11 Sariyyatu Abdullahi Bn Rawaha Mutum 30 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Abdullahi Bn Rawaha Tattaro bayanai daga Maƙiya Mutum 30 daga ƙabilar gaɗfan ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Asiru Bn Zarim Wadi ƙura Shawwal 6 hijiri bijiro da rahotanni ga Annabi (S.A.W).[40]
12 Yaƙin Mu'utata Mutane dubu uku a ƙarƙashin Jafar Bn Abi Talibsannan Zayd Bn Harisa sannan Abdullahi Bn Rawaha ladabtar da Sarkin Mu'utata fiye da mutum dubu ɗari suka jayne suka koma Madina Soj0jin Rum Mu'utata Jimada Awwal 8 hijiri .[41]
13 Sariyyatu Ali Bn Abi ɗalib Mutum 150 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Ali Bn Abi ɗalib (A.S) Rushewar gidan Gumakan Mushrikai Kabilar ɗay'ee Yankin dangin Hatimul ɗa'i Rabiu Sani 9 hijiri Rushe gunkin Fales da samun ganima mai yawa.[42]
14 Sariyyatu Imam Ali a Yaman Mutane 300 ƙarƙashin kwamandancin Ali (A.S) faɗaɗa Muslunci da Yaman daga mutanen Yaman Yaman Ramadan 10 hijiri Musluntar ƙabilar Hamdan da ƙabilar Muzjihi.[43]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Sobhani, Farazhaye az Tarikh Payambare Islam, 2006, shafi na 216.
  2. ↑ Sobhani, Farazhaye az Tarikh Payambare Islam, 2006, shafi na 216.
  3. ↑ ƙa`idan, “Sazimamdahi Jangi dar gaƙzwat Asre Payambar”, shafi na 79-80.
  4. ↑ ƙa`idan, “Sazimamdahi Jangi dar gaƙzwat Asre Payambar”, shafi na 79-80.
  5. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Nihayah, 1399 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 363.
  6. ↑ Witr, Fan al-Harb al-Islami fi Ahad al-Rasool (a.s), Darul Fakr, shafi.
  7. ↑ Aamili, Sahih Min Sirat Al-Nabi Al-Azam (A.S) 1426 AH, Mujalladi na 26, shafi na 192.
  8. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri”, shafi na 24.
  9. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 34.
  10. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 24.
  11. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 24.
  12. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 24.
  13. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 24.
  14. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 25.
  15. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 24.
  16. ↑ Witr, Fan al-Harb al-Islami fi Ahad al-Rasool (a.s), Darul Fakr, shafi.80
  17. ↑ Zaei wa Digaran, “ Tabyin wa tahlil Ruyekarde Payambar (S.A.W) dar Intkabi Farmandahan Sariyyehaye Asre Nabawi”, shafi na 60.
  18. ↑ Zaei wa Digaran, “ Tabyin wa tahlil Ruyekarde Payambar (S.A.W) dar Intkabi Farmandahan Sariyyehaye Asre Nabawi”, shafi na 6i.
  19. ↑ Ibn Jawzi, Tazkira Al-Khawas, 1418 AH, shafi.
  20. ↑ Ayati, Tarikh Payambar Islam, 1369, shafi na 240-247.
  21. ↑ Masoudi, Moruj Al-Dhahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 282.
  22. ↑ ɗabarasi, Elamul Alwara, 1399 AH, shafi na 69-70.
  23. ↑ Sobhani, Forough Ebedit, 2005, shafi na 460.
  24. ↑ Waƙidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.
  25. ↑ Jawabi, Fan Al-Harbe Al-Islami fi Ahahe Ar-rasul (S.A.W), Darul Fakr, shafi na. 237
  26. ↑ Jawabi, Fan Al-Harbe Al-Islami fi Ahahe Ar-rasul (S.A.W), Darul Fakr, shafi na. 296
  27. ↑ Jawabi, Fan Al-Harbe Al-Islami fi Ahahe Ar-rasul (S.A.W), Darul Fakr, shafi na.296
  28. ↑ Jawabi, Fan Al-Harbe Al-Islami fi Ahahe Ar-rasul (S.A.W), Darul Fakr, shafi na. 296
  29. ↑ Reza’i wa Digaran, “ Guneh Shinasi Sariyyehaye Daure Payambnar (S.A.W) Ta Sal Panjome hijri,”, shafi na 23.
  30. ↑ duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 9; Ibn Sa'ad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 3-4.
  31. ↑ Duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 10-11; Ibn Saad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 4.
  32. ↑ Duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 10-11; Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabiwiyah, Dar al-Marifa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 591-592.
  33. ↑ Duba: Ibn Sa'ad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 7; Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabiwiyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 601-604.
  34. ↑ Waƙidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 197-198; Ibn Saad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 27.
  35. ↑ Duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 340-343; Ibn Saad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 38-39.
  36. ↑ Duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 1, shafi na 346-349; Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabiwiyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 183-185..
  37. ↑ ، Duba: Ibn Saad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 42-43; Tabari, Tarikh Al-ɗabari, 1387 Hijira, juzu'i na 2 shafi na 538.
  38. ↑ Duba: Waƙidi, Al-Maghazi, 1409 AH, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 552; Ibn Sa'ad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 66.
  39. ↑ Waƙidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 Hijira, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 562-560..
  40. ↑ Waƙidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 Hijira, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 566-568.
  41. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 97-99.
  42. ↑ Waƙidi, al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 984; Bin Saad, Al-Thaƙabat Al-Kubra, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 124.
  43. ↑ Duba: Ibn Saad, Thabaƙat Al-Kubra, 1410 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 128-129; Tabari, Tarikh Al-ɗabari, 1387 Hijira, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 131-132.

Nassoshi

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  • Masoudi, Ali bin Hossein, Moruj Al-Dahab wa Al-Jawhar ma'adin, ƙum, Darul Hijrah, 1409H.
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  • Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hasan, Elamul Al-Wara bi A'alamul Al-Huda, bincike na Ali Akbar Ghafari, Beirut, Darul Marifa, 1399H.
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  • Waƙidi, Muhammad bin Omar, Al-Maghazi, Beirut, Al-Alami Publishing House, 1409 AH.
  • ɗabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh Al-ɗabari, Beirut, Darul-Turath, 1387H.
  • رضایی، مینا و دیگران، «تبیین و تحلیل رویکرد پیامبر(ص) در انتخاب فرماندهان سریه‌های عصر نبوی»، در مجله مطالعات تاریخی جنگ، شماره ۱۲، تابستان ۱۳۹۹ش.
  • رضایی، مینا و دیگران، «گونه‌شناسی سریه‌های دوره پیامبر(ص) تا سال پنجم هجری»، در مجله تاریخ ایران اسلامی، شماره ۶، بهار و تابستان ۱۳۹۸ش.
  • قائدان، اصغر، «سازماندهی جنگی در غزوات عصر پیامبر»، در مجله مطالعات تاریخی جنگ، شماره ۳، بهار ۱۳۹۷ش.
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