Abu Jahal

Daga wikishia

Abu Jahal (Larabci: أبو جهل) shi ne Amru ɗan Hisham ɗa Mugira Almakzumi wanda ya rasu a shekara ta biyu bayan hijira, Abu Jahal yana daga cikin ƴan hamayyar Annabi (S.A.W) da muslunci a garin Makka, kuma shi Abu Jahal ya shirya kashe Annabi (S.A.W), da kuma shirya yadda za a ganawa musulmi azaba da tsoratar da su, da hana mutane sauraren Alƙur'ani mai girma da duk abin da zai cutar da Annabi (S.A.W), ya kwaɗaitar da ƙureshawa kan su yi tarayya a yankewa Bani Hashim alaka da cutar da su. kazalika Abu Jahal shi ne wanda ya yi sharar fage na yaƙin Badar, duk wannan abubuwa ne da ya yi wa muslunci da musulmi, malaman tafsiri sun anbaci kusan ayoyi talatin waɗan da sukayi magana a kan Abu Jahal.

Abu Jahal ya kasance mutumin da ya bada babbar gudunmawa kan faruwar yaƙin Badar, kuma a lokacin yaƙin Badar aka kashe shi yana cikin rundunar mushirikai.

Nasabar Da Alkunya Da Laƙabi

Shi ne Amru ɗan Hisham ɗan Mugera ɗan Abdullahi ɗan Umar ɗan Makazumi, ya kasance daga cikin ƴan hamayya ga Annabi (S.A.W), kuma ya kasance mai yawa nuna ƙiyayya ga Annabi (S.A.W) koda yaushe.[1] Baban shi Hisham ɗan mugira ɗan ƙabilar Bani Makazum ne, kuma ƙabilar ƙuraishi ta sanya ranar da ya rasu farkon tarihinta.[2] mahaifiyar shi kuma sunanta Asama'u `yar Makariba ɗan Jundal Alhanzala, ƴar ƙabilar Tamimiyya ce.[3] Sabo da haka ne ake kiran Abu Jahal da ɗan Alhanzaliyya.[4]

Alkunyar Abu Jahal ita ce Abul Hakam, sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya canza ta zuwa Abu Jahal.[5] kuma daga cikin dalilin da ya sa Annabi (S.A.W) ya canza alkunyar shi akwai jahilcin shi da ƙiyayar shi ga addinin Musulinci.[6] Kuma akwai ruwaya daga Annabi (S.A.W) cewa an mishi laƙabi da Fira'aunan al'ummar Musulmi.[7] daga cikin ƴaƴan shi akwai Ikrama, kuma shi ma ya kasance maƙiyi ga Annabi (S.A.W), sai dai ya muslunta bayan Fatahu Makka.[8]

Hamayyar Abu Jahal Ga Annabi (S.A.W)

Abu Jahal ya kasance maƙiyi ga annnabi kuma ya kasance yana zagin Annabi (S.A.W) ta hanya daban-daban.[9] kuma ya kasance mai ɓatanci ga Annabi (S.A.W).[10] Sabo da haka ya sa daga cikin abin da ya sa ayoyi da yawa suka sauka suna bayanin ma'amalar shi da Annabi (S.A.W) da kuma ƙiyayar shi ga addini musulinci da kuma Annabi (S.A.W)[11] Malaman tafsiri sun tafi kan cewa ayoyi talatin da ɗaya ne suka sauka kan Abu Jahal.[12] Abu Jahal ya kasance yanayi wasu ayyuka domin hana yaɗuwar musulinci ga wasu daga ciki kamar haka:

Hana Mutane Sauraron Kur'ani

Muhammad ɗan Ahmad Alƙurɗabi ya kawo ruwaya da take cewa: wannan ayar﴿وقَالَ الَّذِینَ کَفَرُواْ لَا تَسْمَعُواْ لهَِذَا الْقُرْءَانِ والْغَوْاْ فِیهِ لَعَلَّکمُ‌ْ تَغْلِبُون[13] ta sauka ne lokacin da Annabi (S.A.W) yake karanta Alƙur'ani, sai Abu Jahal ya cewa mutane ku yi ihu domin ka da a fahimci Alƙur;ani.[14]

Kitsa Kashe Annabi (S.A.W)

Ibn Hisham a cikin littafin shi mai suna Al-siratu An-nabawiyya ya kawo cewa: Mushirikan Makka sun haɗu a gidan Darul Nudwa domin ɗauka mataki na gaske akan Annabi (S.A.W) da kuma dakatar ayyukan shi na yaɗa addinin musulinci. Kowa ya ba da shawara kan yadda za su cimma hadafin su, sai Abu Jahal ya ba da shawarar kashe Annabi (S.A.W), amma da sharaɗin ko wace ƙabila ta ba da gudunmawa wajan kashe Annabi (S.A.W) ta yadda ƙabilar Bani Hashim ba za su iya yaƙar dukkan ƙabilu, daga baya sai su yarda da aba su diyyar kashe Annabi (S.A.W). Sai kowa ya yarda da wannan shawara da Abu Jahal ya bayar. kamar yadda suka yanke shawawa sai ko wace ƙabila ta ba da mutum ɗaya domin kashe Annabi (S.A.W). kuma su ka sa lokacin kashe shi da ya zamo lailatul Mabit, Abu Jahal ya kasance yana nan a lailatul mabit yana ƙarfafar mutane da angiza Mushirikai, sai dai kash haƙansu bai cimma ruwa ba, sabo da fitar Annabi (S.A.W) da barin shinfiɗar shi, ya bar Imam Ali (A.S) da ya kwana kan shimfidarsa don kautar da hankulan masu niyyar kashe shi.[15]

Abu Jahal ya kasance ɗan ƙungiyar Darul Nadwa lokacin da yake shekara talatin, a lokacin kuma duk wanda yake so ya zama ɗan ƙungiya a Darul Nadwa, dole ya zama ɗan shekara fiye da arba'in ne, banda ƙabilar bani ƙusaiyyu.[16]

Abu Jahal ya yi iya ƙoƙarin shi domin katse alaƙa tsakanin ƙuraishawa da Bani Hashim.[17] Kamar yadda Abu Jahal ya hana kai abinci ga Bani Hashim a loƙacin da aka killace su a Shi'ibi Abi ɗalib.[18]

Azabtar Da Sababbin Muslunta Da Yi Musu Barazana

Abu Jahal ya kasance yana hana mutane muslunta,[19] duk lokacin da wani ya muslunta ya kasance yana masa barazana tare da azabtar da shi, ba zai kyale shi ba har sai ya bar muslunci,[20] daga cikin mutanen da Abu Jahal ya azabtar saboda sun musluncta da kuma ba da kariya ga Annabi akwai Bilal Habashi,[21] Yasir ɗan Amir, Sumayya ƴar Khabbad, ta yi shahada sakamakon azabtarwa da Abu Jahal ya yi kanta, kamar yadda ya dawo da Ayyash ɗan Abi Rabi'atu wand aya kasance ɗan uwansa daga ɓangaren uwa wand aya ksance ya nufi zuwa Madina don hijira.[22]

Sharar Fagen Ga Yaƙin Badar

Litattafan tarihi sun kawo cewa Abu Jahal ya taka babbar rawa cikin afkuwar yaƙin badar, kamar dai yadda Annabi (S.A.W) ya tsine masa ya kuma tsinewa Zam'atu ɗan Aswad tun kafin wannan yaƙi: sakamonin kafewarsa kan rura wutar wannan yaƙi,[23] ayarin ƙuraishawa ta fuskanci hari daga musulmai, sai Abu Sufyan ya nemi taimako da ɗauki daga manyan makka, sai Abu Jahal ya fito tare da rundunar sojoji mayaƙa daga makka domin kai ɗauki da taimako ga Abu Sufyan da ayarinsa, duk da cewa ayarin Abu Sufyan sun samu sun tsallake ba tare da cutuwa ba kuma hatsarin da suke fuskanta ya kau, sai dai kuma tare da hakan Abu Jahal ya kafe ya dage lallai sai sojojinsu sun tafi wurin rijiyoyin badar,[24] a can yaƙi ya kaure tsakaninsu da musulmai, Allah ya bawa musulmai nasara kan rundunar shirka, aka kashe Abu jahal da wasu adadi daga manyan ƙuraishawa,[25] Mu'az ɗan Amru ne ya kashe shi da ƴa ƴan Afra'u, Abdullahi ɗan Mas'ud kuma ya datse kansa.[26]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 482-483.
  2. ↑ Ibn Habib al-Baghdadi, al-Muhabbar, Dar al-Afaƙ al-Jadidah, shafi na 139.
  3. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 623.
  4. ↑ Duba: Al-Balazari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 291.
  5. ↑ Al-Balazari, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 125.
  6. ↑ Ibn Darid, Al-Ishtaƙaƙ, 1411H, shafi na 148.
  7. ↑ Ibn Ishaƙ, Siratu Ibn Ishaƙ, Maztab Al-Tarikh da Al-Ma'arif al-Islamiyya, shafi na 210.
  8. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazem, 1412 AH, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 155-156.
  9. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 291.
  10. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 299-98.
  11. ↑ Misali, duba: Al-Wahidi, Asbabul Nuzul Alkur’ani, 1411H, shafi na 487; Al-Tabari, Jame al-Bayan, juzu'i na 22, shafi na 99.
  12. ↑ A'lam Kur'an az Dayiratu Al-marif Kur'ani Kareem, 1385, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 381-391.
  13. ↑ سوره فصلت، آیه26.
  14. ↑ Al-ƙurtubi, Tafsir ƙurtubi, 1405H, juzu'i na 15, shafi na 356.
  15. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 482-483.
  16. ↑ Ibn Darid, Al-Ishtaƙaƙ, 1411H, shafi na 155.
  17. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marifah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 353-354.
  18. ↑ Ibn Ishaƙ, Siratu Ibn Ishaƙ, Mazhabar Al-Tarikh da Al-Ma'arif al-Islamiyya, shafi na 161.
  19. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 320.
  20. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Seerah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 320.
  21. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 243.
  22. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i na 4, shafi na 96.
  23. ↑ Al-Waqidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 46.
  24. ↑ Al-Waqidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 37.
  25. ↑ Al-Waqidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 91-89.
  26. ↑ Al-Waqidi, Al-Magazi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 91.

Nassoshi

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