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Munajati

Daga wikishia
Masallacin Juma'a na garin khorram shahar

Munajati (Larabci: المناجاة) Munajati yana nufin ganawa tsakanin mutum da Allah cikin ziri da tsari na addu'a, keɓancewar mutum tare da Allah, ya zo a cikin Alkur'ani mai girma ta fuskoki daban-daban, kamar "Najaitum", "Najwakum", "Nida'ul khafiyya". Akwai hadisai a litatafai na riwaya da suka yi bayani kan muhimmancin munajati, da ladubbansa, da sharuɗɗa, kamar khushu'in zuciya, da zaɓar kalmomin da suka dace da buƙatar bawa, da yin munajati a mafifitan lokuta, kamar lokacin sallar asuba. Shi munajati ya bambanta da addu'a tsari da salon yadda ake magana da Allah.

Akwai manajatai da suke sanannu na wasu annabawa da Imamai ma'asumai (A.S), kamar misalin munajatina Annabi Musa (A.S) a lokacin da yake dutsin ɗuri a lokacin da ya shafe darare arba'in, kuma akwai munajti na Annabi Dauda (a.s)a cikin zabura da kuma munajatin Sha'abaniyya da munajatul khamsati ashar.

Gabatarwa

Munajati shi ne mutum ya bayyanar da abin da yake cikin zuciyar shi a sirri, ba kowa yake yadda ya san wannan sirri nasa sai wanda ya aminta da shi.[1] Amma munajatin ga Allah shi ne ganawa da roƙonshi a wani keɓaɓɓen wuri, ba tare da wani ya sani ba.[2] Wasu malaman harshen Larabci suna ganin munajati shi ne faɗawa Allah buƙatu tare da yaban shi, a wasu lokuta kuma ya haɗa da tuba daga zunubi.[3]

Nasir Makarim Shirazi a cikin tafsirul Amsal ya tafi kan cewa munajati kalma ce wacce aka ciro ta daga kalmar "Najwa" wacce take bada ma;anar tudun ƙasa wanda ya yi sama dayawa kuma ta sha banban da saura saboda tudun ta, to saboda haka ake anfani da kalmar kan duk abin da ɗan Adam ya yi shi kaɗai a keɓence, ko yayin da yake yin magaan da Ubangijinsa a ɓoye.[4]

Amma bisa ra'ayin Fadlu ɗan Hassan Ɗabarsi a cikin Majma'ul al-Bayan ya tafi kan cewa munajati kalma ce da aka ciro ta daga Najwa wadda take nufin nisa, kamar yadda munajati yana nuna nesantuwar masu munajati daga waɗanda ba sa yin munajati.[5] Amma bisa ra'ayin wasu masu bincike kalmar Munajat ta sha banban da kalmar Munada, saboda kalmar Munada ba a yin anfani da ita ba sai ga wanda yake nesa, saboda haka ake kiran mutumin da yake nesa, kamar ace wane, amma ita kalmar munajati ta keɓanta ga kusa-kusa da abu, wato ana anfani da ita ga abin da yake kusa ba nesa ba,[6] to bisa wannan ne yasa ake kiran sallah da munajati, kamar yadda Annabi(S.A.W) yace wanda yake sallah yana yin munajati da Ubangijin shi ne.[7]

Wataƙila ana iya anfani da kalmar munajati domin tashin mutane su yi Sahur a watan azumin Ramadan, kuma a wasu lokuta munajati ya kan ƙunshi abubuwa irin su tuba da kuma nisantar zunubi.[8]

Ita kanta kalmar munajati ba ta zo a cikin Alkur'ani mai girma ba, amma an yi ishara kanta a cikin wasu ayoyi kamar kalmomin "Najawakum" da "Najaitum" a aya ta 12 da 13 a cikin Suratul Mujadala,[9] da kuma kalmar "Nida'an Khafiyya" a aya ta 3 a cikin suratul Maryam,[10] kuma an rubuta wasu babuka a litatafai na hadisi waɗanda suka ƙunshi sharuɗɗan munajati da ladubbanshi da muhimmancinshi, sannan kuma sun tabo magana kan wasu daga cikin fitattun munajatai.[11]

Banbanci Tsakanin Addu'a Da Munajati

Munajati ya sha banban da addu'a kan halin bawa yayin da yake magana da ubangijinshi, saboda shi munajati ana yin shi ne a lokacin da bawa yake magana da ubangijinshi cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali da magana ta masamman kamar yadda da yake gayawa Allah kuskuranshi ko kuma nuna soayyarsa, a yayin da ita addu'a tana nufin kira ga Allah da kuma neman taimakonshi a bayyane.[12]

Ladubban Munajati

Haƙiƙa munajati yana da ladubba waɗanda aka anbata a litattafan hadisi daga cikin su ga wasu kamar haka;

  • Zabar mafifitan lokuta, ma'ana lokutan, kamar yadda wasu tafsirai suka yi nuni da su a wasu ayoyi a cikin Alkur'ani mai girma, kamar aya ta 142 a cikin Suratul A'araf [13] da aya ta 64 a cikin Suratul Furƙan,[14] da aya ta 16 a cikin suratul Sajdah.[15]
  • Kiran Allah da sunayenshi da sifofinshi da suka dace da buƙatum mutum, haka nan idan mutum yana buƙatar gafara daga Allah, sai ya kira shi da sifofi kamar Mai gafara, mai lulluɓe ko ɓoye zunubi, Mai bayarwa.[16]
  • Yin amfani da kalmomin da Allah ya koyar da mutane ko kuma aka ambata a cikin munajatin Imamai, Ahlul-Baiti (A.S).[17]
  • Tawali'u na zuciya, kamar yadda Allah ya umurci Annabi Musa (A.S) da ya yi magana da shi da zuciya mai kaskantar da kai da tsoro.[18]

Tasirin Munajati

Kamar yadda ya zo a cikin wasu litattafan tafsiri da Ulumul Alkur'an, akwai tasirin da munajati ke samarwa, wadanda suka hada da karbar tuba, gafarar zunubai, kariya daga azabar wuta,[19] samar da iklasi na gaskiya a cikin zuciyar mutum,[20] da taushin zuciya, da tsarkin zuciya, da karfin ruhi.[21]

Shahararrun Munajati

Duk da cewa munajati ya zo a cikin litattafai na addini da na Irfani, amma wasu daga cikinsu sun shahara, kamar munajatin wasu daga cikin annabawa da Imamai Ma'asumai (A.S). Alkur'ani mai girma ya yi ishara da nuni ga wasu daga cikin munajati wanda aka rawaito daga bakin annabawa, waɗanda mafiyawancisu suka fara da kalmar Ubangijinmu waɗanda suka hada da:

Kamar yadda wasu malaman tafsiri suka ce littafin Zabura na Annabi Dawud (A.S) ya kunshi nasihohi da addu'o'i da munajati, kuma babu wasu sabbin hukunce-hukunce a cikinsa.[26] Wannan shi ne abin da ya banbanta littafin Zabura daga sauran littafan sama.[27] Haka nan akwai sanannun munajati fitattu daya daga harshen bayin Allah.[28]

Munajatin Imamai (A.S)

Ta yi wu akira wasu daga cikin addu'0'in imamai da sunan munajati, haka yasa wasu suka shahara, kamar manajatul Sha'abaniyya.[29] da munajatin Imamu Ali a masalacin Kufa,[30] da munajatul khamsati ashar na Imamu Sajjad (A.S)[31]

Munajatun Ba'arin Arifai

haka nan ba'arin munajatin ariafi sun samu shahara, misalin munajatin Khajo Nasirid-dini Ɗusi da munajatin Hassan Hassan Zade Amoli.[32]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ «معنى المناجاة»، Shafin Al-atba Husainiyya Muqaddasa; Al-himyari, Shams al-‘Ulum, shekara ta 1420 hijiriyya, Juzu'i na 10, shafi na 75
  2. ↑ Al-Madani, Riyad Al-Salkin in Sharh Sahifa Sayyid Al-Sajideen, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 80
  3. ↑ Dehkhoda, Lughat-nama, zailu kaleme monajat.
  4. ↑ Makarim Al-Shirazi, Nasser, Al-Athmal fi Tafsiri kitabil munazzal, 1421H, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 276.
  5. ↑ Al-Tabarsi, Al-Fadl bin Al-Hasan, Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-ƙur’an, 1372 AH, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 81.
  6. ↑ Muhammad bin Bahadur, Zarkashi, Al-Burhan fi Ulum Al-ƙur’an, 1410 AH, juzu’i na 2, shafi 431
  7. ↑ Allama Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i na 68, shafi na 216.
  8. ↑ Anwari, Farhang Buzorg Sakhn, 1381 A.D., Dhayl Wajeh Monajat.
  9. ↑ Suratul Mujadila, aya ta 12-13.
  10. ↑ Suratul Maryam, aya ta 3.
  11. ↑ Al-Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 660; Al-Majlisi, Mir'atul uƙol, 1404H, juzu'i na 12, shafi 562.
  12. ↑ Al-Tarihi, Majalisar Bahrain, 1416 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 408-409; ƙurashi, Kamus na Kur’ani, 1412 AH, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 344-345; Al-Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 7.
  13. ↑ Al-Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 235; Hashemi Rafsanjani, Tafsir Rahnema, 1386 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 137.
  14. ↑ Makarim Al-Shirazi, Nasser, Al-Athmal fi Tafsirin Kitabil munazzal, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 304.
  15. ↑ Al-Tabarsi,Majma Al-Bayan 1372 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 517
  16. ↑ Kira'ati, Tafsir Nour, 1388 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 108.
  17. ↑ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Namuna, 1371 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 2.
  18. ↑ Ibn Shu'bah Harrani, Tuhaf al-Uƙul, 1404 AH, shafi na 492.
  19. ↑ Hashemi Rafsanjani, Tafsir Rahnema, 1386 AH, juzu'i na 16, shafi 144.
  20. ↑ Imam Khumaini, Tafsirin Suratul Hamdi, 1375H, shafi na 146-147.
  21. ↑ Naƙi Pour Far, Pyzhoushi Peramun Tadabbur dar ƙuran, 1381 AH, shafi 506.
  22. ↑ Suratul A'araf, aya ta:142.
  23. ↑ Suratul Anbiya, aya ta 87.
  24. ↑ Suratul Yusuf, aya ta 33.
  25. ↑ Suratu Ibrahim, aya ta 34-41; Sharifipour, sharh Munajat Sayyidina Ibrahim (a.s) a cikin Alkur'ani mai girma, 1395H.
  26. ↑ Makarem Al-Shirazi wa digaran, Nafhat Al-ƙur’an, D.T. Darasi na 7, shafi na 378.
  27. ↑ Makarim Al-Shirazi, Nasser, Al-Athmal fi Tafsirin Littafin Allah da aka Saukar, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 9, shafi na 32.
  28. ↑ Al-Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 BC, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 88.
  29. ↑ Ibn Tawus, Iƙbal al-A’mal, 1409 BC, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 687.
  30. ↑ Kafami, Al-Balad Al-Amin, 1418 BC, shafi na 319.
  31. ↑ Majlisi, Bahar Al-Anwar, 1403 BC, juzu'i na 91, shafi na 142-153.
  32. ↑ Ansari, Manajat Nameh, 1382H.

Nassoshi

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  • «معنى المناجاة»، Shafin yanar gizo na Al-Atba Husainiyya Muqaddasa
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