Jump to content

Halifofi Uku

Daga wikishia

Halifofin uku na farko, (Larabci: الخلفاء الثلاثة،) ishara ce zuwa ga Abubakar, Umar da Usman, waɗanda bayan Annabin Muslunci suka karɓi ragama halifancin musulmi, ƴanshi'a suna ganin waɗannan halifofi guda uku sun saɓawa umarnin Annabi (S.A.W), halifancinsu halifanci ne na ƙwace, kuma shi ne sanadiyyan faruwar abubuwa marasa daɗi misalin shahadantar da Faɗima (S), haƙiƙa halifancin halifofi uku na farko ya shi ne ya kasance tushen samuwar tunanin siyasa na Ahlus-Sunna game da hukuma.

Imam Ali (A.S), yana ganin halifancin halifofi uku na farko matsayin halifanci da ba shi da halasci kuma haƙƙinSa ne da aka ƙwace masa; amma tare da haka saboda kiyaye maslahohi na al'ummar musulmi sai ya basu haɗin kai.

Game da samarwa wannan halifanci halasci, an bayyana dalilai kamar ijma'in ahlul hilli wa aƙdi (Mutanen da suke da ikon warware matsaloli da ƙulla al'amura), naɗi ta hannun halifan da ya gabata, da kuma zaɓe kan asasin majalisar zaɓe. Haka nan domin janyo yardar mutane an yi ishara da siffofi misalin kasancewar halifa mafi yawan shekaru, baƙuraishe, Muhajir, da kuma cewa bai kamata halifanci da annabta su haɗu a gida guda ɗaya ba.

Nazarin Ma'ana Da Matsayi

Halifofi uku na farko, wani take ne da ya zo a litattafan Shi'a da yake ishara ga mutane uku da suka fara halifanci bayan wafatin Annabi, ma'ana Abubakar Bin Abi Ƙuhafa, Umar Bin Khaɗɗab da Usman Bin Affan.[1]

Ƴanshi'a, suna ganin halifancin waɗannan mutane uku ƙarara saɓawa umarnin Annabi ne; Kuma sun yi imani da Annabi (S.A.W) tun kafin ya yi wafati, ya rigaya ya naɗa Imam Ali (A.S) matsayin halifansa, magajinsa,[2] Amma waɗannan mutane sai suka ƙwace masa halifanci.[3]

Dalilan ƴanshi'a kan wannan da'awa, tare da ishara ga ƙoƙari daban-daban na Annabi (S.A.W) a kwanakin ƙarshen rayuwarSa, daga jumla shelanta wilayar Imam Ali a Ghadir,[4] maimaita hadis saƙlaini[5] Aika ba'arin sahabbai zuwa sojojin Usama wajen Madina.[6]

Haka nan ƴanshi'a sun yi imani cewa halifancin waɗannan mutane uku sun kasance sababin faruwar wasu abubuwa marasa daɗi daga jumla shahadantar da Faɗima ƴar Annabi,[7] ƙwace ƙasar Fadak[8] da waƙi'ar Karbala.[9]

Haƙiƙa haifancin halifofi uku na farko tare da sauye-sayen siyasa da ya faru a lokacin, suna daga tushen samuwar nazariyyar siyasa ta Ahlus-Sunna game da hukuma a Muslunci. Wannan nazariyya a cikin litattafan Ahlus-Sunna ana kiran ta da nazariyyar halifanci ko nazariyyar imamanci. Bisa wannan nazariyya, an ce halifanci a farko zamanin halifofi guda uku na farko kaɗai ya kasance a iya kewayen lura da kuma kulawa kan al'amuran shari'a na mutane, amma sannu-sannu a hankula sai al'amura hukuma da zastarwa ya shigo cikin ayyukan halifa, suka mayar da halifanci tamkar shugabancin mulkin masarauta.[10]

Halifofi Uku Na Farko
Suna Lokacin Halifanci Tsarin Zaɓe Muhimman Abubuwa
Abubakar 11-13 hijira Bai'a a Saƙifa Yaƙoƙin ridda, Shahadar Sayyida Faɗima (S)
Umar Bin Khaɗɗab 13-23 hijira Wasiyyar Abubakar Fatahu Iran, Fatahu Sham, Fatahu Misra
Usman Bin Affan 23-35 hijira Kwamitin shura na mutane shida Haɗe mus'hafai zuwa guda ɗaya, korar Abu Zar, Bore kan halifa

Matsayar Imam Ali (A.S) Kan Halifofi Uku Na Farko

An ce Imam Ali (A.S) bai taɓa yarda da halascin halifancin halifofi uku na farko ba, barii ma dai ya bayyana shi da ƙwacen haƙƙi da aka yi masa;[11] Kamar dai yadda a cikin huɗubar shiƙshiƙiyya ya jaddada hakan.[12] Shaidu da aka yi bayani game da rashin amincewar Imam Ali daga halifancin halifofi uku, sun kasance misalin rashin amincewa game da zaɓen halifa da aka yi a saƙifatu bani sa'ida, da kuma rashin kasancewa tare da su,[13] Ƙin yin bai'a a kwanakin farko-farko ko watanni bayan zaɓen Abubakar, da kuma tilasta masa yin bai'a ga sabon halifa da ƙarfin tsiya.[14] Da kuma yadda ya bayyanar da rashin yardarSa kan hanyar da aka bi cikin zaɓen halifa na biyu ƙarƙashin kwamitin shura na mutane shida.[15]

Wani ɓangare daga rayuwar Imam Ali, da ya gudana daidai da lokacin halifancin halifofi uku, ana kiransa da sunan zamanin shiru na tsawon shekaru 25[16] Wanda aka ce ya kasance tare da tsanani da wahalhalu masu yawan gaske gare shi da ake kira taƙiyya mudarati.[17] Tare da haka, an ce Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib saboda kiyaye maslahohin musulmi ya kau da idanu daga haƙƙinsa[18] Kuma duk lokacin da haɗin kai[19] da asalin al'ummar musulmi yake fuskantar hatsari ko kuma akwai maslahar Muslunci, a irin wannan lokaci Imam Ali ya ba da gudummawa ta soja[20] da fiƙihu[21] tare da halifofi.[22]

Maginan Ahlus-Sunna Kan Halascin Halifofi Uku Na Farko

Halifofi uku na farko sun bayyana halascin halifancinsu kan asasin gamammen take guda biyu na yadda ake zaɓe da siffofin halifa, da kuma jaddada maganar nan ta cewa halifanci da annabta ba sa haɗuwa a gida ɗaya.

Yadda Ake Zaɓe

Halifofi uku na farko, an zaɓe su ta hannun wasu adadin muanbe kan asasin hanyoyi guda biyu, taken ijma'in ahlil hilli wa aƙdi, naɗin halifan da ya gabata, da kuma zaɓen kwamitin shura na mutane shida.[23]

Bisa naƙalin Dinuri a cikin littafin Al-Imama Was Siyasa, bayan taron Saƙifa, Abubakar domin neman goyan bayan mutane, ya yi magana ga Abbas Bin Abdul-Muɗɗalib, ya ce Annabi ya bar al'amarin mutane a hannunsu, sai mutane suka zaɓe ni matsayin halifa; saboda haka babu wani mutum da yake da haƙƙin saɓani da ni. Da wannan kafa hujja ne Abubakar ya nemi Abbas ya yi masa bai'a[24] Ahlus-Sunna bisa maganar Abubakar sun yi imani cewa Annabi ya bar duniya ba tare da ayyana halifansa ko magajinsa ba, kuma mabiyansa suka zaɓi magajinsa ta hanyar ijma'i.[25]

An bayyana naɗa halifa ta hannun halifa da ya gabata, matsayin madogara ta biyu na halascin halifa na biyu. Bisa abin da ya zo a madogaran tarihi, lokacin da Abubakar zai mutu, ya rubuta wasiyya cewa ya miƙa halifanci ga Umar, kuma yana ganin naɗa halifa a bayansa matsayin nauyin da yake kansa domin ka da al'umma ta zauna babu shugaba.[26] Manazarta Shi'a sun ce wannan tsari na zaɓe na Abubakar, watsi ne da hanyar ta farko da ƙarƙashin ta ne halifa na farko ya zama halifa kuma shi kansa ya ƙarfafa ta a wancan lokacin.[27]

Magina ta ƙarshe kan halascin halifancin halifofi uku, ita ce zaɓin kwamitin shura na mutane shida wanda halifa na biyu da kansa ya kafa wannan kwamiti domin zaɓo halifa na uku. Umar a lokacin mutuwa, yayin da ya ayyana halifa a bayansa, sai ya ce idan ban zaɓi halifa a bayana ba, to na yi aiki da tsarin mafificin halittu, ma'ana Annabi (S.A.W), idan kuma na zaɓa to haka dai na yi aiki da hanyar mafifici, yana nufin Abubakar.[28] Da wannan hujja ne ya samar da sabuwar hanya cikin ayyana halifa, ta yadda ya ɗora nauyin zaɓar halifa na uku a wuyan kwamitin shura na mutane shida daga sahabbai, wanda daga ƙarshe suka ayyana Usman a halifa na uku.[29]

Siffofin Halifa

An bayyana siffofi misalin kasancewa baƙuraishe, Muhajir da kuma mutum mai yawan shekaru, matsayin dalilai da suke tabbatar da halascin halifofi uku na farko.[30]

Kan asasin rahotannin tarihi, cikin tattaunawa da ta gudana tsakanin Muhajirun da Ansar game da neman muƙamin halifanci a lokacin taron Saƙifa, Abubakar tare da jingina da wata riwaya da ta zo da jumlar "Limamai daga ƙuraishawa" ya jaddada larurar zaɓen halifa daga cikin ƙuraishawa, bayan Umar ya goya masa baya ne sai aka kawo ƙarshen tattaunawa.[31]

Kasancewar mafi shekaru, shi ma wani dalili ne da halifofi uku da ba'arin sahabbai da suke da kusanci da halifofi, suka fake da shi cikin watsi da halifancin Imam Ali (A.S). An ce Abu Ubaida Jarra cikin magana da ya yi da Imam Ali (A.S), ya siffanta shi da mai ƙarancin shekaru, kuma da wannan dalili ne ya nemi ya bar halifanci ga mutum mai shekaru, ya yi bai'a ga Abubakar.[32] Haka nan an naƙalto wannan kafa dalili daga Umar da Usman.[33]

Rashin Haɗuwar Annabta Da Halifanci A Gida Ɗaya

Bayan wafatin Annabi (S.A.W), cikin wata munazara da ta kasance tsakanin Imam Ali (A.S) da Abubakar, halifa na farko tare da yarda da cancantuwar Ali Bin Abi Ɗalib ga muƙamin halifanci, sai dai cewa tare da naƙalto wannan batu da cewa wai ya ji daga Annabi (S.A.W) wai Allah bai sanya annabta da halifanci a gida guda ɗaya ba ga Ahlul-Baiti (A.S), saboda haka bai amince da halifancin Imam Ali ba, domin tabbatar da da'awarSa ya nemi goyan daga Umar, Abu Ubaida, Salim ɗan da Huzaifa ya ɗauka matsayin ɗa da Mu'az Bin Jabal.[34] An ce Imam Ali (A.S) cikin raddi da ya yi kan da'awarsu, ya bayyana cewa sun yi haka ne don zartar da yarjejeniyar da suka yi tuntuni a bakin Ka'aba na cewa ba za su taɓa bari halifanci ya cirata zuwa ga Ahlul-Baiti (A.S) ba.[35]

Ku Duba

Bayanin kula

  1. Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 28, shafi. 318; juzu'i. 29, shafi. 541; Amini, Al-Ghadir, 1416 AH, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 515; Bahrani, Al-Ansaf Fi-Nass Ala Al-A'imma'ah Al-Ithna Ashar, 1378, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 539.
  2. Madelong, Janishini Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), 1377 AH, shafi. 13.
  3. Muzaffar, Dala'ilul al-Sidƙi, 1422 AH, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 244; Rostamian, Hakimiyate Siyasi Ma'asuman, 1381 AH, shafi. 31.
  4. Ibn Athir, Usdul al-Ghaba, Dar al-Shaab, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 253; Kulaini, al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 27.
  5. Sheikh Mofid, Amali, 1413 AH, shafi. 135; Ibn Hajar Haitami, Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 438 da 440.
  6. Waqidi, Al-Maghazi Lilwaqidi, 1409 AH, juzu'i na 3, shafi 1117; Sheikh Mofid, Al-Irshad, 1413 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 180.
  7. Ameli, Ranjehaye Hazrat Zahra (S), 2003, shafi. 115.
  8. Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1407 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 543; Sheikh Mufid, Al-Muqni'a, 1410H, shafi na 289 da 290.
  9. Mariji, “Ashura: Payamadhaye Tagyir Arzeshha, shafi. 17; Abdul Mohammadi,Reshehaye Farhangi, Siyasi, Wa Ijtima'i ƙiyam Imam Husaini (A.S), shafi. 45.
  10. Haji Babaei, Ruyekerdi Tarikhi beh Tahawwul Mafhume Khilafat Dar Asre Khulafaye Se Gane. shafi na 23-25.
  11. Ibn Maytham Bahrani, Sharhu Nahjul-Balagha, 1404 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 251.
  12. Jafari, Tashayyu Dar Masir Tarikh, 2001, shafi. 80.
  13. Salim bin Qais, Kitab Sulaim bin Qais, 1420H, juzu’i. 1, shafi na 153-155; Yaqubi, Tarikh al-Yaqubi, Dar Sader, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 124; Askari, Saqifa: Barsi Nahawe Shakle giri Hukumat Pas Az Payambar, 1387H, shafi na 99; Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, 1387 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 202.
  14. Askari, Naƙshe Aisha Dar Tarikhe Islam, 1391, Mujalladi. 1, shafi. 105; Amili, Sahih min Sirat al-Imam Ali (A.S), 1430 AH, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 308; Baydoon, Raftareshinasi Imam Ali Dar Ayineh Tarikh, 1379H, shafi na 34.
  15. Tabari, Tarihin Tabari, 1387H, mujalladi. 3, shafi na 296-302; Yaqubi, Tarikhul Yaqubi, Dar Sader, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 162.
  16. Rafi'i, Zindagi A'imme (a.s), Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, shafi na 34-35.
  17. Mousavi, Mabani Fiƙhi Taƙiyye Madarati, 2013, shafi. 120.
  18. Sobhani, Forough Velayat, 1376, shafi. 166.
  19. Madelong, Janishini Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), 1377 AH, shafi. 21.
  20. Masoudi, Muruj al-Dhahab, 1425 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 242-244.
  21. Bayhaqi, Al-Sunanul al-Kubra, 1424 AH, juzu'i. 7, shafi. 727.
  22. Danesh, Ta'amule Imam Ali (AS) Ba Khulafa Dar Jihhate Wahdat Islami, shafi na 96-111.
  23. Eslami Aliabadi Wa Turan, Ara'u Wa Mabani Khulafaye Se Gane Dar Mashru'iyyat bakshi Be Khilafat Khod Wa Yekdigar, shafi na 41-46.
  24. Dinwari, Al-Imama Was Siyasa, 1410H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 33.
  25. Ibn Taimiyyah, Minhajus Sunnah al-Nabawiyah, 1406 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 126.
  26. Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, 1387 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 433; Dinwari, Al-Imamah Was Siyasa, 1410H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 19..
  27. Eslami Aliabadi Wa Turan, Ara'u Wa Mabani Khulafaye Se Gane Dar Mashru'iyyat Bakshi beh Khilfat Khod Wa Yekdigar, shafi. 45.
  28. Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 3, shafi. 261.
  29. Eslami Aliabadi Wa Turan, Ara'u Wa Mabani Khulafaye Se Gane Dar Mashru'iyyat Bakshi beh Khilfat Khod Wa Yekdigar, shafi. 46.
  30. Eslami Aliabadi Wa Turan, Ara'u Wa Mabani Khulafaye Se Gane Dar Mashru'iyyat Bakshi beh Khilfat Khod Wa Yekdigar, shafi. 46.
  31. Dinwari, Al-Imama Was Siyasa, 1410H, juzu'i. 1, Shafi. 25; Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, 1387 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 219-220; Balathuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1959 AH, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 584.
  32. Dinwari, Al-Imama Was Siyasa, 1410H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 19.
  33. Yaqubi, Tarikhul Yaqubi, Dar Sader, juzu'i. 2, shafi, 158; Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, 1387H, mujalladi. 3, shafi. 231.
  34. Tabari, Tarikh Tabari, 1387 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 229.
  35. Bahrani, Ghayatul al-Maram, 1422 AH, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 336.

Nassoshi

  • Ibn Athir, Usdul al-Ghabeh, Muhammad Ibrahim Bana, Beirut, Dar al-Shaab, Beta ya yi bincike.
  • Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad bn Abdul Halim, Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyya, Muhammad Rashad Salem, Masar, Cordoba Foundation, 1406 H.
  • Ibn Hajar Haytami, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Al-Sawa’iq al-Muhriqa’ ala -Alhi al-Rafz, Wad al-Dalal, Waz al-Zandaqah, Beirut, Al-Risala Foundation, bugu na farko, 1417H.
  • Ibn Sa’d, Muhammad bn Sa’d, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Muhammad Abdulqadir Atta, Beirut, Darul Kutb al-Ilmiyah ya yi bincike, 1410H.
  • Ibn Maytham Bahrani, Maytham bn Ali, Sharh Nahjul-Balagha, Tehran, Daftar Nashq al-Kitab, bugu na biyu, 1404H.
  • Eslami Aliabadi, Tahereh, Wa Emmad Touran,«آراء و مبانی خلفای سه‌گانه در مشروعیت‌بخشی به خلافت خود و یکدیگر»، A cikin kwata-kwata mujalla na Binciken Tarihi, fitowa ta 51, 2018.
  • Amini, Abdul Hussein, Al-Ghadir Fil Al-Kitab Was Sunnah Wal Adab, Qum, Cibiyar Nazarin Addinin Musulunci ta Al-Ghadir, 1416H.
  • Bahrani, Sayyid Hashim,Al-Insaf Fin NAssi Alal A'immati Isna Ashar (A.S), Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati, Tehran, Cibiyar Buga Al'adun Musulunci, 1378H.
  • Bahrani, Sayyid Hashim, Gayatul Maram Wa Hujjatul Khisam FI Ta'ayin Al-Imam Min Ɗariƙ Khas Wal Am, Beirut, Mu'assasa Tarihin Larabawa, 1422H.
  • Baladzuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, bincike na Muhammad Hamidullah, Alkahira (Masar), Dar al-Ma'arif, 1959H.
  • Baydoon, Ibrahim, Raftare shinasi Imam Ali Dar Ayineh Tarikhi, wanda Ali Asghar Mohammadi Seyjani, Qum, Cibiyar Buga Al’adun Musulunci ya fassara, 1379 Hijira.
  • Bayhaqi, Ahmad bn al-Hussein, Al-Sunan al-Kubra, Beirut, Darul Kutab al-Ilmiyah, 1424H.
  • Jafari, Sayyid Hossein Mohammad, Tashayyu Dar masir Tarikh, wanda Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Ayatollahi ya fassara, Tehran, Cibiyar Buga Al'adun Musulunci, 1380
  • Hajiya, Majid، «رویکردی تاریخی به تحول مفهوم خلافت در عصر خلفای سه‌گانه»، A cikin mujallar bincike kan tarihin Musulunci na kwata-kwata, lamba 8, 2012.
  • Danesh, Ismail«تعامل امام علی(ع) با خلفا در جهت وحدت اسلامی»،A cikin mujallar Andisheeh Qadreh, fitowa ta 4, 2005.
  • Dinwari, Ibn Qutaybah, Al-Imama Was Siyasa, Bincike na Ali Shiri, Beirut, Darul Adwaa, 1410H.
  • Rostamian, Muhammad Ali, Hakimiyate Siyasi Ma'asuman, Qum, Sakatariyar Majalisar Kwararru ta Jagoranci, 1381H.
  • Rafi’i, Ali,Zindagi A'imme (a.s.), Tehran, Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, Beta.
  • Sobhani, Ja’afar, Forough Velayat, Qum, Imam Sadiq (a.s.) Mu’assasa, 1376H.
  • Salim bin Qais Hilali, Kitabe Sulaim bin Qais Hilali, Qum, Al-Hadi Publishing House, 1420H.
  • Sheikh Mufid, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Nu’man, Al-Amali, Qum, Sheikh Mufid Congress, 1413H.
  • Sheikh Mufid, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Nu’man, Al-Irshad fi Hujajullahi Alal Al-Ibad, Qum, Sheikh Mufid Congress, 1413 AH.
  • Sheikh Mufid, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Nu’man, Al-Muqni’a, Qum, Buga Na Biyu, 1410H.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bn Jarir, Tarikh Tabari: Tarihin Al'ummai da Sarakuna, wanda Muhammad Abul-Fadl Ibrahim ya yi bincike, a Beirut, Darul-Turat, 1387H.
  • Ameli, Sayyid Ja'afar Murtaza, Sahih min Sirat al-Imam Ali (a.s.), Beirut, Al-Markaz al-Islami il-Derasat, 1430H.
  • Ameli, Sayyid Ja'afar Murtaza, Ranjehaye Hazrat Zahra (s.a.), Muhammad Sepehri, Qum, Tahdhib, 1382 H.
  • Abdulmuhammadi, Hossein, «ریشه‌هاى فرهنگى، سیاسى و اجتماعى قیام امام حسین(علیه السلام)»، A cikin wata-wata mujallar "Marafet", fitowar 67, Yuli 2003.
  • Askari, Morteza, Saqifa: Barrasi Nahawe Shakle giri Hukumat Paz Az Rehlate Payambar Akram, Qum, Faculty of Usul-Din, 2008.
  • Askari, Morteza, Naƙshe Aisha Dar Tarikh Islam, Qum, Allama Askari Cibiyar Kimiyya da Al'adu, 2011.
  • Kuliani, Muhammad bn Yaqub, Al-Kafi, Bincike da Gyaran Ali Akbar Ghaffari da Muhammad Akhundi, Tehran, Darul Kitab al-Islamiyya, Bugu na Hudu, 1407H.
  • Madelong, Wilfred, Janishini Hazarat Muhammad (SAW), Ahmad Na’eem da Sauransu suka Fassara, Mashhad, Islamic Research Foundation of Astan Quds Razavi, 2008.
  • Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar al-Jame’ah Ledurar Akhbaril A'immatil Athsr, Beirut, Darul Ihya al-Turaht al-Araby, 1403H.
  • مریجی، شمس‌الله، «عاشورا پیامد تغییر ارزش‌ها»، A cikin wata-wata mujallar "Marafet", fitowar 56, Agusta 2002.
  • Masoudi, Abul-Hasan bn Ali,Murujuz Zahabi Wa Ma'adinil Jauhari, Beirut, Al-Muktabah Al-Asriya, 1425H.
  • Muzaffar, Muhammad Hassan, Dala'ilull Assidƙi Li Nahjil Haƙƙi, Qum, Mu’assasa Al-Baiti ta Farfado da Gado, 1422H.
  • Mousavi, Sayyid Muhammad Yaqub, Mabani Fiƙhi Taƙiyye Madarati, Qum, Cibiyar Shari'a ta Imamai Tsarkaka (A.S.), 1392H.
  • Waqidi, Muhammad, Al-Maghazi, bugun Marsden Jones, Lebanon, Al-Alami Publishing House, 1409H.
  • Yaqubi, Ahmad ibn Ishaq, Tarikhul Yaqubi, Beirut, Dar Sader, Beta.