Fatawar Shaltut Kan Halascin Aiki Da Fiƙihun Shi’a

Daga wikishia
Nassin fatawar Mahmud Shaltut dangane da amincewa da mazhabar Shi'a tare da mazahabobin Ahlu-Sunna guda huɗu

Fatawar Shaltut kan halascin aiki da fiƙihun shi'a, (arabic: فتوى الشيخ شلتوت) wata fatawa ce da Mahmud Shaltut shugaban Jami'ar Al-Azhar ta ƙasar Misra a wannan lokaci ya fitar da ita kan halascin taƙlidi da fiƙihun Imamiyya, kamar yanda aka yi bayani hadafin wannan fatawa ya ɗoru ne kan kasancewar fifita da ƙarfin dalilan fiƙihun Shi'a da ba'arin hukunce-hukunce kan fiƙihun Ahlus-Sunna.

Cikin saƙonni da wannan fatawa ta zo da shi akwai bada damar koyar da fiƙihul muƙarin da kuma fiƙihun shi'anci a Jami'ar Al-Azhar, haka nan kuma wannan fatawa ta yi tasiri mai zurfin gaske kan mu'amalar salafiyya da suka kasance su na kafirta ƴan Shi'a, wannan fatawa ta samu goyan bayan Malaman Ahlus-sunna kamar misalin Muhammad Al-Gazali shugaban Ikhwanul muslimin, (Yan'uwa musulmi) da Muhammad Al-Faham tsohon sugaban Jami'ar Al-Azhar, wasu ba'ari kuma sun yi suka kan wannan fatawa misalin Abdul-Laɗif da Abul Wafa'i Kiristani, haka zalika Yusuf Al-ƙardawi wanda ya kasance ya tattaro ba'arin litattafan Shaltut shima ya yi inkarin fitar da wannan fatawa.

Fitar Da Fatawa Da Kuma Muhimmancin Da Take Da Shi

Fatawar Shaltut fatawa ce da ya yi wacce ta kasance amsa kan tambayar da aka yi masa kan halascin taƙlidi da fiƙihun Shi'a Imamiyya da Zadiyya.[1] wannan fatawa ta fito daga Mahmud Shaltut shugaban Jami'ar Al-Azhar misra a wancan lokaci da kuma cibiyar Darul Al-Taƙreeb Bainal Al-Mazahib Al-Islamiyya, wanda shi Shaltut ya kasance mabiyin Mazhabar Hanafiyya,[2] kuma daga gare shi ta fito[3] a ranar 17 ga watan Rabiu Awwal shekara ta 1378. h. ƙamari, wanda ya dace da ranar haihuwar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) wanda ya assasa makarantar shi'a jafariyya, cikin hallarar wakilan Mazhabar Shi'a Imamiyya. Shi'a, Zaidiyya tare da hallarar wakilan Mazhabobi huɗu na Ahlus-sunna[4] an fitar da wannan fatawa, a cewar wasu ba'ari wannan fatawa ta samu ne bayan bibiya da zage dantse daga Muhammad Taƙi ƙummi da Sayyid Husaini Burujurdin da kuma bayan samar Darul Al-Taƙreeb.[5]

Gabanin fitowar wannan fatawa, Ahlus-sunna ba sa ganin halascin aiki da fiƙihun Shi'a.[6] Kamar yanda ya yi, an ce dalilin da ya sanya Mahmud Shaltut fitar da wannan fatawa shi ne kasancewar yana ganin fifikon ƙarfin dalilan fiƙihun Shi'a kan na Ahlus-sunna a ba'arin wasu hukunce-hukunce misalin mas'alar gado da saki .[7] Cikin saƙonni da wannan fatawa ta zo da su ta samar da damar koyar da fiƙihul muƙarin da fiƙihun shi'anci a cikin Jami'ar Al-Azhar.[8] haka nan kuma an ce wannan fatawa ta yi matuƙar tasiri cikin mu'amalolin salafawa a ƙasar Saudiyya waɗanda suka kasance suna kafirta shi'a.[9]

Matanin Fatawa

Tarjama daga matanin fatawar:
Wasu mutane suna tunani kan cewa idan musulmi yana son ibadarsa da mu'amalolinsa su kasance ingantattu, wajibi ne ya yi taƙlidi da ɗaya daga mazhabobi guda huɗu na Ahlus-sunna, kuma cikinsu babu Shi'a Imamiyya da Shi'a Zaidiyya, shin Akramakallahu ya yarda da wannan ra'ayi shi ma Malam baya ganin halascin yin taƙlidi da mazhabar Shi'a Imamiyya?[10]

Cikin tambayar da aka yiwa Mahmud Shaltut ya zo kamar haka: domin sauke taklifi ta hanya ingantacciya, wasu suna raya cewa wajibi a yi taƙlidi da ɗaya daga cikin mazhabobi guda huɗu na Ahlus-sunna kuma mazhabar Shi'a Imamiyya da Zaidiyya basa cikinsu, mai tambaya ya nemi jin ra'ayin Shaik Shaltut kan taƙlidi da Fiƙihun Imamiyya da Zaidiyya, cikin amsar tambaya, Shaik ya ce: babu inda muslunci ya wajabta taƙlidi da wata ayyananniya mazhaba, kowanne musulmi zai iya yin taƙlidi da ɗaya daga cikin mazhabobin muslunci ta ingantacciyar hanya, sannan ya ƙarfafa yin taƙlidi da mazhabar shi'a imamiyya isna ashariyya kamar dai sauran mazhabobi, haka ya ja hankulan musulmi da suka kaucewa ta'assubanci mara dalili kan wasu mazhabobi.[11] Shaltut ya rubuta nassin neman fatawa ya aika zuwa ga Muhammad Taƙi ƙummi, sakataren Darul Taƙrib Bin Al-Mazahib Al-Islamiyya don adanawa.[12] Mohammad Taki ƙummi ne ya gabatar da Allon rubutun Wannan fatawa mai dauke da sa hannun Shaltut ga Sayyid Hadi Milani kuma an ajiye shi ɗakin adana tarihi na haramin Imam Rida (A.S).[13]

Raddodi

Tarjamar Fatawar Shaltut:
Addini muslunci bai wajabtawa ɗaya daga mabiyansa yin taƙlidi kan ayyananniyar mazhaba ba, Sabanin haka, a farkon lamari muna cewa hakki ne ga kowane mumini ya iya bin duk wani mazhaba da aka naƙaltota daidai, kuma an rubuta shi a cikin littafan hukunce-hukuncen wannan mazhaba. wanda yake taƙlidi da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan Mazhabobi, zai iya canjawa da wata mazhabar, kuma babu laifi a kansa a cikin wannan aiki.[14] Mazhabar jafariyya wacce aka fi sani da mazhabar Shi'a Imamiyya Isna Ashariyya, ya halasta yin taƙlidi da wannan mazhaba kamar taƙlidi da sauran mazhabobi, kuma ya kamata musulmai sun san wannan al'amari, su ƙauracewa ta'asubbanci mara dalili kan wata mazhaba, addini Allah da shari'a ba su kasance mabiya kowacce mazhaba ba ko taƙaituwa iya cikin da'irar wata mazhaba, duk wanda ya samu taufiƙin zama Mujtahidi aikinsa zai samu karɓuwa wurin Allah, wanda bai kasance mujtahidi ba, zai yi taƙlidi da mujtahidi kan abin da ya rubuta cikin mas'alolin ibada da mu'amala.[15]

Bayan yaɗuwar fatawar Shaik Shaltut, an samu martani kala-kala daga goyan baya suka da kuma watsi da wannan fatawa:

Masu Goyan Bayan Wannan Fatawa

  • Muhammad Al-Bahi ɗaya daga shugabannin Majma taƙreeb tare da rubuta waƙikar kan goyan bayan dalilan fiƙihun Shi'a ya goyi bayan fatawar Shaltut.[16]
  • Muhammad Sharƙawi ƙarƙashin Unwanin “Al-Azhar wa Mazahibul Al-Fiƙihul Al-Islami” ya rubuta cewa haƙiƙa ra'ayin Shaltut ra'ayi ne na Jarumta da ya yi cikin sadaukarwa da goyan bayan gaskiya.[17]
  • Muhamma Taƙi ƙummi babban Sakataren ƙungiyar Taƙreeb baina Mazahib, cikin ƙasidar da ya rubuta mai taken “ƙissatul Al-taƙreeb” wacce aka fitar cikin mujallar Risaltul Islam cikin wata lamba bayan fitar fatawar Shaltut, ya yi magana kan wajbacin kusanci da haɗin kai tsakanin Ahlus-sunna da ƴan Shi'a.[18]
  • Muhammad Al-Madani, babban sakataren mujallar risalatul Islam kuma shugaban Kulliya Shari'a a jami'ar Al-Azhar, cikin ƙasida mai sunan (Rajjatul Al-ba'asi fi Kulliyatil Asj-Shari'ati) cikin wannan ƙasida bayan watsi da [[guluwi]] daga Shi'anci da Zadiyya ya bayyana cewa waɗannan mazhabobi biyu sun bambanta da sauran firƙoƙin Shi'a tare da bada amsa kan tambayoyin da aka yi dangane da koyar da fiƙihun shi'a a jami'ar Al-Azhar ya goyi bayan fatawar Shaltut.[19]
  • Mohammad Al-Ghazali ya rubuta takarda mai suna "Ala Awa'ilul Al-ɗariƙ" a cikin Mujallar Azhar kuma ya dauki fatawar Shaltut a matsayin babban yunkuri. A cikin wannan maƙala, ya gabatar da Nader Shah a matsayin mutum mai son kusanci kuma ya yi nasarar shigar da Shi'anci a matsayin Mazhabar Musulunci ta biyar, ya kuma zargi wasu malamai.[20]

Martanin ɓangaren Da Suka Tare da Yin Watsi Da Wannan Fatawa

  • Shaik Abdul-Laɗif As-Subuki Shugaban Hai'ar Fatawa kuma Malami Bahanbale a jami'ar Al-Azhar, cikin raddi da ya yi cikin kaushin harshe kan kusanci tsakanin shi'a da Ahlus-sunna, ya yi suka kan wannan yunƙuri ya siffanta shi da hiyali wani abu da yake nesa daga gaskiya, kuma wani abu da kawai ɓangaren Ahlus-sunna ne suka himmatu kansa.[21]
  • Shi kuma Yusuf ƙardawi gabakiɗaya ya yi inkari tare da ƙaryata fitowar wannan fatawa daga bakin Shaltut, babban dalilinsa shi ne cewa babu wannan magana cikin littafan Shaltut, kishiyarsa Muhammad Hassun, zuwan wannan fatawa bayan an gama buga littafan Shaltut da kuma iƙrarin Mufti Misra Ali Juma'a a Tashar Ishara Ikhbariyya suna ƙaryata da'awar Yusuf ƙardawi.[22]
  • Umar Abdullahi Ahmad, cikin ƙasida tare da naƙalto maganganun ba'arin Malaman Ahlus-sunna game da ra'ayoyin ƴan Shi'a ya ƙalubalanci fatawar Shaltut.[23]
  • Abul Al-Wafa Kiristani, cikin aikawa Shaltut da wasiƙa da bijiro da tambayoyi, ya yi suka kan Shaltut, haka nan kuma shima Mahmud Shaltut cikin bashi amsa ya yi sharhi da ƙarin bayani kan fatawarsa.[24]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Abul Hosseini, “Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut: Ayat Shaja'at”, shafi na 135.
  2. ↑ Khabar Guzari Rasa, "Ashinayi ba Tarikh Zadaginameh Shaik Taƙreeb". Shaik Shaltut wa Suduru Fatawa Tarikhi
  3. ↑ Karimi, “Shaksiyat Sheikh Shaltut wa Rowesh Tafsiri,” shafi na 38; Abdullah Ahmed, “Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout, Sheikh Al-Azhar, Hayatuhu Al-Da'awiya wa mauƙifihi min mas'alati Al-Taƙreeb bainal Al-Sunna Wa Shi'a,” shafi na 1596.
  4. ↑ Rostamnejad, “Fiƙhu Shi'a wa Jayigahe An Nazde Mazaheb Islami”, shafi na 200.
  5. ↑ Ayatullah Boroujerdi wa Sheikh Shaltut munadiyan wahdat Islami, "Kamfanin dillancin labaran IRNA"
  6. ↑ Abul-Hosseini, "Pishghaman Taƙreeb: Ayatullah Boroujerdi: Ayat Ikhlas".
  7. ↑ Abol-Hosseini, "Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut: Ayat Shujaat", shafi na 136; Saver, “Ashinayi ba Pishghaman Bidari Islami (1) Allama Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut” shafi na 173.
  8. ↑ Abul Hosseini, "Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut: Ayat Shujaat", shafi na 136; Abul Hosseini, "Pishghaman Taƙreeb: Ayatullah Boroujerdi: Ayat Ikhlas"
  9. ↑ Khabar Guzari IRNA, Ayatollah Boroujerdi wa Sheikh Shaltut, Munadiyan Wahdat Islami.
  10. ↑ Be Azar Shirazi, "Tarjumeh Maƙalat Darul Al-Taƙreeb: Hambastagi Mazahib Islami", shafi na 344-345.
  11. ↑ Be Azar Shirazi, "Tarjumeh Maƙalat Darul Al-Taƙreeb: Hambastagi Mazahib Islami", shafi na 344-345.
  12. ↑ Payiga Rasani Hauze, "Sukhni dar babi Inkari Sudur Fatawa Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltut az suye ƙaradawi".
  13. ↑ "Fatawa Tarikhi Sheikh Shaltut", Site Rasikhun
  14. ↑ "Fatawa Tarikhi Sheikh Shaltut", Site Rasikhun
  15. ↑ Be Azar Shirazi, "Tarjumeh Maƙalat Darul Al-Taƙreeb: Hambastagi Mazahib Islami", shafi na 344-345.
  16. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun; Al-Bahi, Ma'a Al-Mazhib Islami, shafi na 139-141.
  17. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun; Al-Sharƙawi, “Al-Azhar wa Mazahib Al-fiƙhƙ Al-Islami,” shafi na 143.
  18. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun
  19. ↑ Duba Al-ƙummi,“ƙissatul Al-Taghrib”, shafi na 348
  20. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun Mohammad Al-Madani, "Rajat Al-Baathfi Kulliyat Al-Shari'a", shafi na 373.
  21. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun;Al-Ghazali Al-Saƙƙa, “Ala Awa'el Al-ɗariƙ” shafi na 412.
  22. ↑ Hassoun, "Inkarin Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li Fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut," shafin Dr. Muhammad Hassoun;Al-Sabki, “ɗawa'if Baha'iyya wa Bakhtashiyya Summa Jama'atul Al-Taƙreeb,” shafi na 283.
  23. ↑ Khabarguzari Rasa, “ Ashinayi Zindaginamhe Shaik Taƙreeb: Sheikh Shaltut wa sudur FatawarTarikhi”; Hassoun, "Inkari Sheikh Al-ƙaradawi li fatawa Sheikh Al-Azhar Mahmoud Shaltut", shafin Dr. Mohammed Hassoun
  24. ↑ Abdullah Ahmed, “Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout, Sheikh Al-Azhar, hayatuhu wa Al-Dawiya wa Mauƙifuhu min Mas'alati Al-Taƙreeb bainal Al-sunna wa Al-Shi'a,” shafi na 1621.

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