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Daƙiƙa:Wasiƙun Annabi (S.A.W) Zuwa Ga Sarakuna

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Daga wikishia
Wasiƙun Annabi (S.A.W) Zuwa Ga Sarakuna
Zamanin fitowaTsakanin shekaru na 6 zuwa 10H
Ta fito dagaAnnabi Muhammad (S.A.W)
Wanda ake magana da shiSarakuna
YareLarabci
Maudu'iKira zuwa kaɗaita Allah da kuma karɓar Musulunci
Madogaran Shi'aTarikhul Yaƙubi
Madogaran AhluS-sunnaTarikhuɗ Ɗabari ● As-Siratun Nabawiyya
An tarjama zuwaFarsi
Sakamako da illolinsaMartanoni daban-daban (karɓar Musulunci, aika kyauta, da keta wasiƙar).


Wasiƙun Manzon Allah (S.A.W) Zuwa Ga Sarakuna su ne Wasiƙun da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya aika zuwa ga sarakunan ƙasashe daban-daban, inda yake kiran su zuwa ga karɓar Addinin Musulunci.

A cikin waɗannan wasiƙu, Annabi (S.A.W) ya kuma yi wa wasu sarakuna gargaɗi. Misali, ya sanar da Hirakliyus (Sarkin Rumawa) da Khosruparwiz (Sarkin Iran) cewa za su kasance masu alhaki kan zunuban waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin mulkinsu. An kuma sanar da sarakunan Dimashƙa da Oman cewa domin su ci gaba da riƙe mulkinsu ya kamata su karɓi Musulunci, in ba haka ba mulkinsu zai gushe. Haka kuma an nemi Sarkin Bahrain cewa idan bai karɓi Musulunci ba, ya biya jiziya.

Martanin sarakunan ya bambanta. Najashi Sarkin Habasha, ya musulunta; Khosruparwiz ya yaga wasiƙar; yayin da wasu kamar Sarkin Bahrain ba su karɓi wannan kira ba.

Lokacin aika waɗannan wasiƙu ya bambanta a cikin littattafan tarihi, amma mafi yawan masana tarihi sun ce an aika su ne a shekara ta shida bayan Hijira, bayan Sulhun Hudaibiyya.

Abun da Wasiƙun Suke Ƙunshe Da Shi

Wasiƙar bai ɗaya da Annabi (S.A.W) ya aike wa sarakuna.

"Ka ce: Ya ku Ma'abota Littafi! Ku zo zuwa ga wata magana wadda take daidai a tsakaninmu da ku: kada mu bauta wa kowa sai Allah kaɗai, kada kuma mu haɗa masa wani da tarayya, kuma kada sashenmu ya riƙi sashe a matsayin ubangiji baicin Allah. Idan kuwa suka juya baya daga wannan kira, to ku ce: Ku zama shaidu cewa mu kam mun mika wuya ga Allah (mu Musulmai ne)." (Suratu Ali Imran, aya ta 64).

[1]

Bisa ga rahotannin tarihi, Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya aika wasiƙu zuwa ga sarakunan ƙasashe daban-daban, ciki har da Habasha, Rum, Iran, Masar, Dimashƙa da Yamama.[2] A ra'ayin wasu masana tarihi, har ila yau ya aika zuwa Oman da Bahrain[3] da Yaman[4] yana kiran waɗannan sarakuna zuwa Musulunci. Domin isar da waɗannan wasiƙu, ya aika da manzanni na musamman zuwa wajen kowanne daga cikinsu.[5]

Bisa ga rahotanni, babban abin da wasiƙun suka ƙunsa shi ne kira zuwa ga tauhidi da karɓar Musulunci.[6] A cikin wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Najashi, Sarki Kirista na Habasha, Annabi (S.A.W) ya ambaci tsarkin Maryam (A.S),[7] yayin da a wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Sarkin Bahrain, ya bayyana sharuɗɗa da hukunce-hukuncen shiga Musulunci.[8]

A cewar Sayyid Jafar Murtada Amili, masanin tarihin Shi'a, a cikin littafinsa As-Sahih min Siratin Nabiyyil A'azam, Annabi (S.A.W) bai yi nufin mamaye ƙasashe ba.[9] Sai dai a lokaci guda ya yi wa wasu sarakuna gargaɗi. Misali, ya sanar da Hirakliyus, Sarkin Rumawa,[10] da Khosruparwiz, Sarkin Iran,[11] cewa za su kasance masu alhaki kan zunuban waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin mulkinsu. A cikin wasiƙarsa zuwa ga Sarkin Iran kuma, ya yi masa gargaɗi cewa idan bai karɓi Musulunci ba, ya kamata ya shirya domin yaƙi.[12]

Haka kuma an sanar da Sarkin Dimashƙa[13] da Sarkin Oman[14] cewa domin su kiyaye mulkinsu ya kamata su karɓi Musulunci; idan ba haka ba, mulkinsu zai rushe. Haka kuma an nemi Sarkin Bahrain cewa idan bai karɓi Musulunci ba, ya biya jiziya.[15]

Martanin Sarakuna

Bisa ga rahotannin tarihi, martanin sarakuna ga wasiƙun Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya bambanta. Wasu daga cikinsu, kamar Najashi Sarkin Habasha,[16] Sarkin Bahrain[17] da Sarkin Oman,[18] sun karɓi Musulunci.

Najashi ya karɓi wasiƙar cikin girmamawa sosai,[19] ya furta shahada biyu,[20] sannan ya aika wa Annabi (S.A.W) kyaututtuka, daga cikinsu akwai Mariyatu Ƙibɗiyya.[21]

Sai dai bisa rahoton Tarihin Ɗabari, Sarkin Bahrain bai musulunta ba, amma ya yi sulhu da Annabi (S.A.W).[22]

A gefe guda kuwa, Khosruparwiz, Sarkin Iran, ya ƙi karɓar Musulunci kuma ya yaga wasiƙar Annabi (S.A.W).[23] A cewar Sayyid Jafar Murtada Amili, Najashi na uku, Sarkin Habasha, shi ma ya yage wasiƙar Annabi (S.A.W).[24]

Sarakunan Rumawa,[25] Dimashƙa, Masar da Yamama, duk da cewa ba su musulunta ba, sun ba da amsa cikin girmamawa. Wasu daga cikinsu, kamar Muƙauƙis Sarkin Masar, sun aika da kyaututtuka.[26] Haka kuma Sarkin Rumawa ya amince da girman matsayin Annabi (S.A.W).[27]

Lokacin Aika Wasiƙun

Game da lokacin da aka aika waɗannan wasiƙu, akwai saɓani tsakanin masana tarihi. Wasu sun bayyana cewa an aika su ne a watan Zul-Hijja na shekara ta 6 bayan Hijira,[28] wasu kuma sun ce a Muharram na shekara ta 7 bayan Hijira.[29] Wasu malaman tarihi kuma sun nuna cewa an aika su ne a tsakanin lokacin Sulhun Hudaibiyya da kuma rasuwar Annabi (S.A.W).[30]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Abi Shaibah, Al-Musannaf, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 347; Yaƙubi, Tarikhul Yaƙubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 78.
  2. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, 'Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 198–201.
  3. ↑ Yaƙubi, Tarikhul Yaƙubi, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 78; Ibn Hisham, As-Siratun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 607; Ibn Ƙayyim, Zadul Ma'ad, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 122–123.
  4. ↑ Ibn Ƙayyim, Zadul Ma'ad, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 122–123.
  5. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 644; Ibn Hisham, As-Siratun Nabawiyya, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 607.
  6. ↑ Ahmadi Miyanji, Makatibur Rasul, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 187; Ibn Abi Shaibah, Al-Musannaf, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 347.
  7. ↑ Ibn Hibban, As-Siƙat, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 8–9; Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 652.
  8. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 29.
  9. ↑ Amili, As-Sahihu Min Siratin Nabiyyil A'azam, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 255.
  10. ↑ Ibn Zanjawaihi, Al-Amwal, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 119; Abul Faraj Isfahani, Al-Aghani, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 525.
  11. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 654–656; Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, juzu'i na 20, shafi na 389.
  12. ↑ Ibn Shahre Ashub, Manaƙib, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 79.
  13. ↑ Khawarizmi, Mufidul Ulum Wa Mubidul Humum, shafi na 53; Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 652.
  14. ↑ Ibn Ƙayyim, Hidayatul Hayara Fi Ajwibatil Yahud Wan Nasara, shafi na 283; Ibn Sayyidin Nas, Uyunul Asar, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 335.
  15. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 29.
  16. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 652–653; Ibn Sa'ad,Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 198–199.
  17. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 201.
  18. ↑ Balazuri, Futuhul Buldan, shafi na 83; Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 201.
  19. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 198–199.
  20. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafuffuka na 652–653; Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 198–199.
  21. ↑ Ɗabrisi, I'ilamul Wara, shafi na 46.
  22. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 29.
  23. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 199.
  24. ↑ Amili, As-Sahihu Min Siratin Nabiyyil A'azam, juzu'i na 17, shafi na 59.
  25. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 646.
  26. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafuffuka na 200–201.
  27. ↑ Ibn Abi Shaibah, Al-Musannaf, juzu'i na 7, shafi na 347.
  28. ↑ Ibn Sa'ad, Attabaƙatul Kubra, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 198; Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 644.
  29. ↑ Ibn Ƙayyim, Zadul Ma'ad, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 120.
  30. ↑ Ɗabari, Tarikhuɗ Ɗabari, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 645.

Nassoshi

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  • Ahmadi Miyanji, Ali, Makatibur Rasul (S.A.W), Qom, Darul Hadis, bugu na farko, 1419H.
  • Amili, Sayyid Jafar Murtada, As-Sahihu Min Siratin Nabiyyil A'azam, Qom, Darul Hadis, bugu na farko, 1426H.
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