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Daƙiƙa:Abul Faraj Isfahani

Ƙara hanyoyin mahaɗar
Daga wikishia
Abul Faraj Isfahani
Malami kuma marubuci
Cikakken SunaAli Bin Husaini Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Hashim Marwani
LaƙabiAbul Faraj Isfahani
NasabaDaga jikokin Marwan Himar (Halifa na ƙarshe daga Umayyawa)
Tarihin haihuwa284H/897M
MahaifaIsfahan
Tarihin rasuwa14 Zil-Hijja shekarar 356H(966 M) ko 357H (967M)
Garin da ya rasuBagdad
Mahallin kabariBagdad
MalamaiAbubakar Bin Duraid• Muhammad Bin Jarir Ɗabari• Jafar Bin Ƙudama• Abubakar Bin Anbari• Fadlu Bin Hijab Jumahi
ƊalibaiAbu Zakariyya Yahaya• Abul Husaini Bin Dinar• Ali Bin Ibrahim Dahki• Daruƙuɗni• Abu Is'haƙ Ɗabari• Ibrahim Bin Makhlad
Wurin karatuBagdad
Wallafe-wallafeMaƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin• Al-Agani• Nasab Bani Abdush-Shamsi• Ayyamul Arab• Jamharatun Nasab• Adabul Guraba da...
Sauran abubuwaMai bada shawara kuma magatakardar gwamnatin Alu Buye
SiyasaMabi


Abul Faraj Isfahani (284-356 H) yana daga cikin malamai da marubuta na ƙarni na uku da na huɗu bayan hijira. Littafinsa Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin shi ne shahararren rubutun sa, wanda ya ƙunshi tarihin ƴaƴa da jikokin Abi Ɗalib tun daga zamanin Annabi (S.A.W) har zuwa rabin ƙarni na huɗu bayan hijira. Wani shahararren littafin sa kuma shi ne Kitab Al-Agani, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma da kundin sani na kiɗa da al'adu, haka kuma mafi cikakkar diwani (tarin) na waƙoƙi da ƙsidu da ruwayoyin Larabawa na zamanin jahiliyya da farkon Musulunci.

Malaman rijal na Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna sun ɗauki Abul Faraj Isfahani a matsayin ɗan Zaidiyya (mabiyin mazhabar Zaidiyya). Amma wasu, bisa ga dangantakarsa da Marwanawa, sun yi shakka a cikin kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a, kuma sun yi nazarin cewa manufarsa ta ɗaukar matsayin Shi'a ita ce kusantar da kansa ga sarakunan Shi'a.

Tarihin Rayuwar Abul Faraj Isfahani

Ali Bin Husaini Bin Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Haisam Marwani, wanda aka fi sani da Abul Faraj Isfahani, yana daga cikin zuriyar Marwan Bin Muhammad, wanda aka fi sani da Marwan Himar, halifan Banu Umayya na ƙarshe.[1] An ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai na zamaninsa a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da adabi, fikihu, tarihi, sira, ilimin harshe, tarihin yaƙe-yaƙe da ilimin nasaba.[2] An haife shi a shekara ta 284H (kimanin 897–898M).[3] An kuma ce an haife shi ne a Isfahan a lokacin mulkin Al-Mu'tadid, halifan Abbasiyyawa,[4] sai dai akwai saɓani tsakanin masana game da ko an haife shi a Isfahan da kuma danganta shi da wannan birni.[5]

Abul Faraj Isfahani ya fara karatun ilimomi daban-daban tun yana yaro a Bagdad,[6] kuma tun yana matashi yake da sha'awar kiɗa, tarihi, tattara hadisai da waƙoƙi. Masana tarihi da dama, ciki har da Yaƙut Hamawi, Ibn Khallikan, Sa'alabi da Ibn Nadim, sun yi magana game da matsayinsa a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi.[7] Tanukhi, bayan ya lissafo ilimomin da ya ƙware a cikinsu, ya bayyana cewa dukkan zurfin ilimin malamai da kuma ƙwarewar mawaƙa sun haɗu a gare shi.[8]

Muhallabi, wazirin Izzud-Daula Dailami, ya gayyace shi zuwa Bagdad, inda ya zama mashawarcinsa kuma na kusa da shi.[9] Kamar yadda Abu Hayyan Tauhidi ya rubuta, Abul Faraj ya kuma kasance magatakardar Ruknud-Daula.[10]

Ya rasu a Bagdad a ranar 14 ga Zil-Hijja, shekara ta 356H (kimanin Disamba 967M)[11] ko kuma 357H (kimanin 968M), kuma a can aka binne shi.[12]

Mazhaba

Da yawa daga cikin malaman rijal na Shi'a, ciki har da Shaik Ɗusi da Sayyid Abul Ƙasim Khuyi, sun yi imanin cewa Abul Faraj Isfahani ɗan Shi'a ne.[13] Wasu malaman Ahlus-Sunna ma, ciki har da Zahabi da Ibn Jauzi, sun yarda da kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a.[14] Wasu kamar Zahabi suna ganin wannan abin mamaki ne idan aka yi la'akari da dangantakarsa da Marwanawa,[15] kuma Ibn Hajar Asƙalani a cikin littafinsa Lisanul Mizan ya ɗauki kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a tare da kasancewarsa daga Marwanawa a matsayin abu mai ban mamaki (daga cikin abubuwan da ba kasafai ake ganin su ba).[16] Ibn Jauzi ya yi la'akari da kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a a matsayin dalilin raunanar hadisansa.[17] Haka kuma, Khaɗib Bagdadi, yayin da yake nuni da kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a, ya bayyana shi a matsayin mafi ƙarya a cikin mutane.[18]

Shaik Ɗusi da Allama Hilli, bisa ga maganganun Abul Faraj a cikin rubuce-rubucensa, sun ɗauke shi a cikin mabiya Zaidiyya.[19] Amma Muhammad Baƙir Khunsari (1226-1313 AH) a cikin littafinsa Raudatul Jannat, ko da yake bai yi shakka a cikin kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a Zaidiyya ba, ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai nuna Shi'a ne kawai (ya yi riya da shi), kuma ya ɗauki yabonsa ga Imaman a matsayin manufar kusantar da sarakunan zamaninsa; kamar yadda kuma ya ɗauki kasancewarsa daga Marwanawa a matsayin wata hujja ta rashin kasancewarsa mabiyin Shi'a Imamiyya.[20]

Abul Faraj a cikin ayyukansa, musamman Al-Agani da Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin, ya ambaci Imam Ali (A.S) da ƴaƴansa da girmamawa sosai, kuma a duk lokuta ya kira Imam Ali (A.S) da lakabin "Amirul Mu'minina",[21] kuma ya yi amfani da "Alaihis-Salam" ga Imaman Shi'a maimakon kalmomi kamar "Radiyallahu anhu" da "Karramallahu wajhahu".[22] Wannan na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamomin kasancewarsa ɗan Shi'a, kuma wataƙila saboda wannan ne wasu daga cikin Ahlus-Sunna suka ɗauke shi ɗan Shi'a kuma suka raunana hadisai da littattafansa.[23]

Malamansa Da Ɗalibansa

Abul Faraj Isfahani ya halarci majalisun ilimi da yawa na malaman zamaninsa. Khaɗib Bagdadi da Yaƙut Hamawi sun yi ishara ga wasu daga cikin malamansa.[24] Abubakar Bin Duraid yana ɗaya daga cikin malamansa.[25] Wasu daga cikin malaman sa sun haɗa da: Muhammad Bin Jarir Bin Yazid Ɗabari, Jafar Bin Ƙudama, Abubakar Bin Anbari, Fadlu Bin Hijjab Jumahi, Ali Bin Sulaiman Akhfash, Niftawaih, Muhammad Bin Abdullah Hadrami, Muhammad Bin Jafar Ƙattat, Husaini Bin Umar Bin Abi Ahwas Saƙafi, Ali Bin Abbas Muƙani'i, Ali Bin Is'haƙ Bin Zatiya, Abu Khabib Barti, da Muhammad Bin Abbas Yazid.[26]

Wasu malaman kamar: Abu Zakariyya Yahaya, Abul-Husaini Bin Dinar, Ali Bin Ibrahim Dahki, Daraƙuɗni, Abu Is'haƙ Ɗabari, Ibrahim Bin Makhlad, Muhammad Bin Abi Fawaris, da Tanukhi, an lasafta su a matsayin ɗaliban sa.[27]

Rubuce-rubucennsa

Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce da yawa an danganta su ga Abul Faraj Isfahani.[28] Ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa, musamman a fannonin waƙoƙi da ilimin nasaba (Sanin zuriya); har ta yadda wasu malaman littattafai suka danganta masa kusan ayyuka 30.[29] Shahararrun ayyukan da suka rage daga gare shi sune Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin da Al-Agani.[30] Wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa sun haɗa da: Nasab Bani Abdush- Shamsi, Ayyamul Arab da Jamharatun Nasab, Adabul Guraba, Al-Akhbar Wa al-Nawadir, da Nasab Bani Shaiban.[31].

Shaik Ɗusi a cikin littafinsa Al-Fihrist ya ambaci wasu littattafai guda biyu nasa da sunayen: Ma Nazala Minal Kur'an fi Amiril Mu'minin wa Ahl Baytihi(A.S) da Fihi Kalam Fatima (A.S) fi Fadak.[32] An kuma danganta masa waƙoƙi da yawa a kan batutuwa daban-daban, kuma a cikin gabatarwar littafin Al-Agani, an naƙalto wasu daga cikin waɗannan waƙoƙin.[33]

Littafin Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin na Abul Faraj Isfahani

Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin

Babban labari: Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin (Littafi)

Littafin Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin, da harshen Larabci, a cikin fasali 19 da sassa 216, yana bayyana tarihin ƴaƴa da jikokin Abi Ɗalib, mahaifin Imam Ali (A.S).[34] Cikakken bayanin shahadar Jafar Bin Abi Ɗalib, Imam Ali (A.S), Imam Hassan (A.S), Imam Husaini (A.S), Sahibul Fakkhi, Imam Kazim (A.S) da Imam Rida (A.S), an ɗauke su a matsayin daga cikin fitattun abubuwan Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin.[35] An rubuta wannan littafin bisa tsarin ruwaya, kuma an rubuta shi a lokacin da Abul Faraj Isfahani yana da shekara 30, wato kusan shekara ta 313H.[36] Shaik Mufid a cikin littafinsa Al-Irshad ya naƙalto ruwayoyi da yawa daga Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin.[37] Kamar yadda Rasul Jafariyan ya faɗa, Abul Faraj Isfahani ya naƙalto ruwayoyin littafin Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin mafi yawa daga littafin Al-Mubayyida fi Akhbari Al Abi Ɗalib, wanda Ahmad bin Ubaidillah Saƙafi ya rubuta, kuma ya yi amfani da wani littafi mai suna Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin na Muhammad Bin Ali Bin Hamza Alawi kuma.[38]

Wannan littafi, saboda cikakkiyarsa da daidaiton sa wajen naƙalto labarai, ya jawo hankalin mawallafa da yawa; har ta yadda wasu kamar Shaik Mufid suka ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tushe na asali.[39]

Al-Agani

Al-Agani, an tattara shi kuma an rubuta shi a cikin shekaru 50 da Abul Faraj Isfahani,[40] kuma tsawon ƙarni da yawa, an ɗauke shi a matsayin muhimmin tushe game da kiɗa, adabi, tarihi da fasaha a zamanin wayewar Musulunci.[41] An kira shi mafi girman kundin sani na kiɗa da al'adu, kuma mafi cikakkar diwan (tarin) na waƙoƙi da ƙasidu da ruwayoyin Larabawa na jahiliyya da farkon Musulunci,[42] wanda ya ƙunshi tarin bayanan rayuwar mawaƙa, mawaƙa da ma'aikatan kiɗa da waƙoƙin wancan zamanin.[43] An rubuta wannan littafi a cikin juzu'i 20[44] Al-Zarkali a cikin littafinsa Al-A'lam ya yi iƙirarin cewa Abul Faraj Isfahani ya aika littafin Al-Agani zuwa ga mai mulkin Umayyawa na Andalusia kuma ya karɓi kyauta daga gare shi.[45]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Agha Buzurgg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, j.2, sh.249; Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, j.8, sh.198; Amin, Mustadrakat A'ayanush Shi'a, j.3, sh.146; Abul Faraj Isfahani, Al-Aghani, j.1, sh.14.
  2. ↑ Khatib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, j.11, sh.397; Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shazarat az-Zahab, j.4, sh.292; Safadi, Sarf al-Ayn, j.2, sh.7; Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, j.8, sh.200; Agha Buzurgg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, j.2, sh.249; Khuyi, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadis, j.11, sh.368.
  3. ↑ Khatib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, j.11, sh.398; Amin, A'yanush-Shi'a, j.8, sh.198.
  4. ↑ Abul Faraj Isfahani, Al-Agani, j.1, sh.14.
  5. ↑ Amin, Mustadrakat A'yanush Shi'a, j.3, sh.146.
  6. ↑ Amin, A'yanush Shi'a, j.8, sh.198.
  7. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 15-16.
  8. ↑ Al-Tanukhi, Nishwar al-Muhadarah wa Akhbar al-Mudhakarah, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 10.
  9. ↑ Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-A'ayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 308; Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 144; Yaƙut al-Hamawi, Mu'jam al-Udaba, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 100.
  10. ↑ Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Akhlaq al-Wazirayn, shafi na 421.
  11. ↑ Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-A'ayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 308; Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 398; Al-Safadi, Al-Wafi bil-Wafayat, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 16; Al-Safadi, Saraf al-Ayn, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 7; Al-Amin, A'ayanush Shi'a, juzu'i na 8, shafi na 198.
  12. ↑ Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 21, shafi na 376.
  13. ↑ ShaikƊusi, Al-Fihrist, shafi na 544; Hilli, Khulasat al-Aqwal, shafi na 465; Al-KhuYi, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 367.
  14. ↑ Ibn Jauzi, Al-Muntazam, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 185;Zahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 202; Zahabi, Mizan al-I'tidal, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 123; Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shazrat al-Zahahab, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 292; Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-A'yan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 308; Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 399.
  15. ↑ Zahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 144; Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shazrat az-Zahab, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 292.
  16. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 9.
  17. ↑ Ibn Jauzi, Al-Muntazam, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 185.
  18. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 8.
  19. ↑ ShaikƊusi, Al-Fihrist, shafi na 544; Hilli, Khulasat al-Aqwal, shafi na 465.
  20. ↑ Khunsari Isfahani, Rawdat al-Jannat, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 221.
  21. ↑ Al-Isfahani, Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin, Beirut, shafi na 39.
  22. ↑ Al-Isfahani, Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin,Beirut, shafi na 41, 59, 69, 116, 118, 412, 460, da sauransu.
  23. ↑ Ibn Jauzi, Al-Muntazam, juzu'i na 14, shafi na 185; Zahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 144.
  24. ↑ Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 397; Yaƙut al-Hamawi, Mu'jam al-Udaba, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 95; Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 14.
  25. ↑ Ibn Duraid, Al-Ishtiqaq,(muqaddima), shafi na 7.
  26. ↑ Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 397; Yaƙut al-Hamawi, Mu'jam al-Udaba, juzu'i na 13, shafi na 95; Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 14.
  27. ↑ Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 398; Zahabi, Siyar A'lam al-Nubala, juzu'i na 16, shafi na 202.
  28. ↑ Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shazarat az-Zahab, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 292.
  29. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 24.
  30. ↑ Al-Qa'imi, "Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani", shafi na 50-51.
  31. ↑ Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-A'ayan, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 308; Ibn al-Nadim, Fihrist Ibn al-Nadim, Beirut, shafi na 128; Khaɗib Bagdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, juzu'i na 11, shafi na 397; ShaikƊusi, Al-Fihrist, shafi na 281; Zahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, juzu'i na 26, shafi na 144; Agha Buzurg Tehrani, Az-Zari'a, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 249; Al-Zarkali, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 278.
  32. ↑ ShaikƊusi, Al-Fihrist, shafi na 544; Khuyi, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, shafi na 368.
  33. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 18-23.
  34. ↑ Adil, "Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani Wa Tarjame Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin ", shafi na 48.
  35. ↑ Adil, "Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani Wa Tarjame Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin," shafi na 48.
  36. ↑ Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin, shafi na 5; Adil, "Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani Wa Tarjame Maƙatiluɗ Ɗalibin," shafi na 48.
  37. ↑ Khanjani, "Manabi ShaikMufid Dar Gozareshhaye Tarikhi", shafi na 27-30.
  38. ↑ Ja'fariyan, "Ali bn Muhammad Nawfali Wa Kitabul Al-Akhbar", shafi na 359.
  39. ↑ Khanjani, "Manabi'-i Shaykh Mufid dar Guzarish-ha-yi Tarikhi", Tarikh-i Islam dar Ayineh-yi Pajuhish, kaka 1387, lamba 19.
  40. ↑ Zarkali, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 278. Abul Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25.
  41. ↑ Golsorkhi, "Kitab al-Agani", shafi na 111-112.
  42. ↑ Golsorkhi, "Kitab al-Agani" , shafi na 111-112.
  43. ↑ Golsorkhi, "Kitab al-Agani" , shafi na 111-112.
  44. ↑ Abul Faraj al-Isfahani, Al-Agani, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 25.
  45. ↑ Zarkali, Al-A'lam, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 278.

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