Jump to content

Bai'ar Aƙaba

Daga wikishia
Ka da a kuskura da As'habul Aƙaba.

Bai'atul aƙaba, (Laabci: بيعة العقبة) magana ce game da yarjejeniyoyi guda biyu da mutanen Yasrab suka ƙulla tare da Annabin Muslunci kafin hijira, bisa wannan yarjejeniyoyi biyu, wasu adadi daga mutanen Yasrab sun yi alƙawari da Annabi cewa za su bautawa Allah, za su kuma nesanci aikata zunubi, kuma cikin ko wani hali da yanayi za su kare Annabi, bayan hijirar Annabi (S.A.W) zuwa Madina za su kasance masu kare rai da dukiyarSa, wannan bai'a guda biyu bisa la'akari da mahallin da aka yi su ana kiransu da "Aƙaba".

A cikin aƙaba ta farko, mutane sha biyu ne daga ƙabilun Ausu da Khazraj suka yi bai'a ga Annabi (S.A.W) a shekara ta 12 da bi'isa (Aiko Annabi), bayan bai'ar sai Annabi ya aike da Mus'ab Bin Umairi Madina domin ya koyar da su addinin Muslunci. Bisa abin da ya zo a litattafan tarihi, a cikin bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu, kusan maza saba'in da mata biyu ne daga mutanen Yasrab suka ƙulla alƙawari da Annabi (S.A.W), tare kuma da ishara zuwa ga warware yarjejeniyoyi da suka gabata tare da Yahudawa, sai suka nemi Annabi (S.A.W) bayan nasara ya ka da sake su ya ƙyale su. A cikin aƙaba ta biyu, mutane 12 daga Yasrabawa (Mutum 9 daga Ausu a kuma 3 daga Khazraj) an zaɓe su matsayin wakilai domin gudanar da al'amuran musulmi.

Ba'arin malaman tafsiri, sun tafi kan cewa aya ta 23 suratul Ahzab, 7 suratul Ma'ida da 15 suratul Ahzab suna magana ne game da wannan yarjeniyoyi.

Yaya Wannan Yarjejeniyoyi Suka Samu

Bai'ar aƙaba, yarjeniyoyi ne guda biyu da suka kasance da jinkirin shekara guda, ta farko a shekara ta 12 da aiko Annabi ta biyu kuma a shekara 13, wasu adadi daga mutanen Yasrab suka ƙulla yarjejeniyoyin tare da Annabi.[1] Wannan yarjejeniyoyi sakamakon la'akari da inda aka ƙulla da sunansa ya kasance aƙaba sai suka shahara da aƙaba,[2][Tsokaci 1] a wani bayanin kuma, an ƙulla wannan yarjejeniya ne a ƙasar Mina,[3] Amma sakamakon ta biyu ta faru bayan ta farko, sai aka kira ta da aƙaba.[4]

A cewar marubuta tarihi, Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) a cikin taron hajji a shekara ta 11,[5] ya gana da mutane shida daga ƙabilar Khazraj,[6] Bisa wani naƙali, mutane biyar Khazraj da mutum guda daga ƙabilar Ausu.[7] Annabi (S.A.W) ya bayyana saƙonsa gare su,[8] ya kuma kirawo su zuwa Muslunci tare da karanta musu Kur'ani.[9] Waɗannan mutane, sun yi imani da annabtarSa kuma suka muslunta[10] Bisa la'akari da bambance-bambance da yake tsakanin ƙabilun Ausu da Khazraj, sun shawarci Annabi da ya zauna a Makka, shekara mai zuwa a taron hajji ya zo wurinsu domin kiran mutanensu zuwa ga Muslunci.[11]

Bai'ar Aƙaba Ta Farko

Bisa abin da ya zo a litattafan tarihi, a shekara ta 12 da bi'isa (Aiko Annabi) a lokacin taron hajji, mutane 12 daga ƙabilu biyu Ausu da Khazraj a mahallin aƙaba suka gana da Annabi (S.A.W) tare da yi masa bai'a.[12] Kan asasin littafin Waƙayi'us Sinin, a cikin ba'arin madogarai an bayyana cewa mutane 16 suka halarci wannan ganawa.[13]

An ce daga cikin ƙabilar Khazraj akwai As'ad Bin Zurara, Aufu Bin Haris da ɗan uwansa Mu'az, Zakwanu Bin Abdul Ƙaisi, Rafi'u Bin Malik, Ubadatu Bin Samit, Abu Abdur-Rahman Yazid Bin Sa'alaba, Abbas Bin Ubada Bin Nadla, Uƙbatu Bin Amir Bin Nabi, Ƙuɗbatu Bin Amir Bin Hudaida, sannan daga ƙabilar Ausu akwai Abul Hisim Bin Tayyahan da Uwaimu Bin Sa'ida, su ne suka halarci wannan bai'a.[14]

Bai'ar farko ta ƙunshi ɗaukar alƙawarin bautawa Allah shi kaɗai babu abokin tarayya, nesanta daga sata, zina da kashe ƴaƴa, ƙauracewa ƙage da kuma yin biyayya ga Annabi (S.A.W) cikin al'amuran alheri. Ya zo a cikin madogarai cikin halin cika alƙawari kan wannan bai'a, am musu alƙawari za a ba su aljanna idan kuma suka yi ha'inci, yafe mu ko azabtar da su na hannun Allah.[15] A cikin litattafan tarihi, an ambaci wannan bai'a da aƙaba ta farko[16] Haka an kira ta da Bai'atun Nisa'i (Bai'ar mata).[17]

Bisa naƙalin marubuta tarihi, bayan dawowar mutanen Yasrab, Annabi ya aike da Mus'ab Bin Umairi wurinsu domin ya koya musu Kur'ani, tsayar da sallah da sauran ilimummukan addini.[18] An ce an aika da Mus'ab Bin Umairi Yasrab ne bayan bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu.[19]

Bai'ar Aƙaba Ta Biyu Da Yanke Yarjeniyoyin Yasrabawa Tare da Yahudawa

A lokacin taron hajji na shekara ta 13 da aiko Annabi, kusan maza 70 da mata guda biyu ne daga mutanen Yasrab,[20] tare da rakiyar Mus'ab Bin Umairi suka zo Makka, a tsakankanin Ayyamut tashriƙ (Ranar 11 zuwa 13 ga Zil-Hijja) suka taru a wani wuri da ake kira aƙaba suka yi bai'a ga Annabi (S.A.W).[21] Wannan bai'a ana kiranta da "Bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu" ko "Bai'ar yaƙi".[22] An ce Imam Ali (A.S) da Hamza sune suka kasance masu gadin yankin aƙaba[23] Shi kuma Abbas Bin Abdul-Muɗɗalib ya kasance tare da Annabi (S.A.W) a wurin.[24]

A cikin bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu, musulmin Yasrab sun yi alƙawari cikin tsanani da sauƙi za su kasance cikin biyayya ga Annabi (S.A.W), za su ciyar cikin halin talauci da wadata, za su yi umarni da kyakkyawa da hani da mummuna, za su faɗi gaskiya ba tare da jin tsoron zargin mai zargi ba.[25] Haka nan sun ƙulla alƙawari cewa yayin hijirar Annabi (S.A.W) zuwa Yasrab, za su ba da kariya ga rayuwa, dukiya da ƴaƴanSa, an bayyana aljanna matsayin ladan wannan aiki na su. A gefe guda kuma, Yasrabawa tare da ishara da yanke yarjejeniyoyinsu da Yahudawa sun buƙaci Annabi (S.A.W) bayan samun nasara kada ya ƙyale su, cikin amsa zuwa gare su, Annabi (S.A.W) ya ce: "Jinina jininku ne, alfarmarku alfarma ta ce. Ni daga gare ku nake kuma daga gare ni kuke, zan yaƙi duk wanda kuka yaƙa, zan yi sulhu da duk wanda kuka yi sulhu tare da su."[26]

Bayan bai'ar aƙaba ta biyu, Yasrabawa 12, 9 daga Khazraj, sauran 3 kuma daga Ausu, an zaɓe su matsayin wakilai da za su gudanar da al'amuran musulmi, Annabi (S.A.W) ya kamanta su da Hawariyyawan Sayyidina Isa (A.S) da shi ma ya zaɓe su a shugabannin al'ummunsu.[27] Yasrabawa uku, bayan bai'a sun zauna tare da Annabi (S.A.W) a Makka, bayan hijirarSa zuwa Madina su ma sai suka dawo Madina, waɗannan mutane uku sune waɗanda a madogaran tarihi ake kiransu da Muhajirun Ansar duka a lokaci guda.[28]

Bisa abin da ya zo a Tafsir Muƙatil Bin Sulaiman, kalmar "Rijal" da ta zo a aya ta 23 suratul Ahzab, tana nuni ne ga mutanen da suka yi bai'a a aƙaba ta biyu.[29] Haka nan "Misaƙ" a cikin aya ta 7 suratul Ma'ida, tana ishara ne ga mutanen da suka halarci bai'a a aƙaba.[30] Da dai wannan jerantawar ne kalmar "Ansar" a cikin aya ta 100 suratul Tauba, su kasance mutanen da suka halarci bai'ar aƙaba ta farko da ta biyu,[31] Alusi malamin tafsiri mabiyin mazhabar shafi'iyya, a cikin littafin Ruhul Ma'ani, ya tafi kan cewa aya ta 15 suratul Ahzab tana ishara ne da wani alƙawari a yaƙin Badar ko dai aƙaba kafin hijirar Annabi da aka ƙulla wannan alƙawari tare da Annabi.[32]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 438-431.
  2. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 275.
  3. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 1, shafi. 218.
  4. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 1, shafi. 170.
  5. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 1, shafi. 170; Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, 1403 AH, juzu'i. 19, shafi. 23.
  6. ↑ Moghrizi, Imta'ul al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 50.
  7. ↑ Ibn Shahr-Ashūb, Manaqib Al-Abi Talib, 1379 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 174.
  8. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, 1385H, shafi na 96-95.
  9. ↑ Moghrizi, Imta'ul al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 50.
  10. ↑ Moghrizi, Imta'ul al-Asma, 1420 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 50.
  11. ↑ Ibn Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, 1385H, shafi na 96-95.
  12. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 431; Ibn Saad, Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 170.
  13. ↑ Hosseini Khatoonabadi, Waƙayi'us Sinin Wal A'awam, 1973, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 53.
  14. ↑ Ibn Hayyan, Al-Thiqat, 1393H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 94; Ibn Abdul-Barr, Al-Durr fi Ikhtas Al-Magazi wa al-Sirr, 1415 AH, shafi na 67; Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 1, shafi. 170.
  15. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 433.
  16. ↑ Ibn Sa’ad, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu’i. 1, shafi. 170.
  17. ↑ Tabari, Tarikh al-Tabari, 1387 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 355; Ibn Shahr-e-Ashūb, Manaqib al-Abi Talib, 1379 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 174.
  18. ↑ Al-Dhahabi, Tarikhul Islam, 1409H, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 293.
  19. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 Hijira, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 239.
  20. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 466.
  21. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyyah, Dar Al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 459-458; Ibn Saad, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410 Hijira, Juzu'i na 1, shafi na 172-171.
  22. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 454.
  23. ↑ Qomi, Tafsir al-Qomi, 1404 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 273.
  24. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 441.
  25. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marefah, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 447; Ibn Saad, Tabaqat Al-Kubra, 1410H, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 173.
  26. ↑ Al-Bayhaqi, Dala'ilul al-Nubuwwa Wa Marefah Ahwal Sahib Al-Shari'a, 1405 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 442.
  27. ↑ Balazri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 252.
  28. ↑ Ibn Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Marafah, juzu'i. 1, shafi na 465-460.
  29. ↑ Muqatil bin Sulayman, Tafsir Muqatil bin Sulayman, 1423 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 484.
  30. ↑ Zamakhshari, Al-Kasshaf, 1418 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 212.
  31. ↑ Shah Abdul Azimi, Tafsir Ithna Ashari, 1363, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 185.
  32. ↑ Alusi, Ruh al-Ma'ani, 1415 AH, juzu'i. 11, shafi. 159.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Kalmar "عَقَبه" a cikin lugha tana nufin "kwaran dutse" ko "gindin tudu" (kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin littafin قاموس na Qurashi, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 23). An ce nisan da ke tsakanin wuri mai suna "Aqaba" da birnin Makka yana kusan kilomita biyar ne (kamar yadda Yaqut al-Hamawi ya ambata a cikin littafin معجم البلدان, bugun shekara ta 1965, juzu’i na 3, shafuffuka 692–693)

Nassoshi

  • Alusi, Mahmoud bin Abdullah, Ruhul Ma'ani Fi Tafsiril Alqur'anil Al-Azeem Was Saba'ul Masani, Beirut, Darul Kutb Al-Ilmiyah, 1415H.
  • Ibn Athir Jazari, Ali bin Muhammad, Al-Kamil a cikin Tarihi, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1385H.
  • Ibn Hayyan, Muhammad bin Hayyan, Kitab Al-Thiqat, wanda Muhammad Abdul-Muaid Khan ya yi bincike a Hyderabad, ma'aikatar ilimi ta gwamnatin koli ta Indiya ta buga, 1393H.
  • Ibn Saad, Muhammad bin Saad, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Muhammad Abdulkadir Atta, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutb Al-Ilmiyah, ya yi bincike, 1410H.
  • Ibn Shahr-Ashhub, Muhammad bin Ali, Manaqib Al-Abi Talib (A.S), Qum, Allamah Publications, bugun farko, 1379H.
  • Ibn Abd al-Barr, Yusuf bin Abdallah, al-Durrar fi ikhtsar Al-Maghazi Walsiyar, Shoghi Zaif’s research, Cairo, Ministry of Endowments, Majlis-ul-Ala for Islamic Affairs, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik bin Hisham, Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, edited by Mustafa Saqqa, Beirut, Dar al-Marafa, Bita.
  • Baladzhari, Ahmad bn Yahya, Kitabul Jamal Min Ansabil Ashraf, Suhail Zakkar da Riyadh Al-Zarkali suka yi bincike a Beirut, Darul Fikr, 1417 bayan hijira.
  • Bayhaqi, Ahmad bn Husaini,Dala'ilul Annubuwwa Wa Marifati Sahibush Shari'a, Beirut, Darul Kutb Al-Ilmiyah, 1405H.
  • Hosseini Khatunabadi, Abdul Husayn, Waƙayi'us Sinin Wal A'awam, Rahoton Shekara-shekara daga Tarihin Fiyayyen Halitta Annabi Adam (AS) zuwa Shekara ta 1195 Hijira, Tehran, Kantin sayar da littattafai na Islamiya, 1352H.
  • Dhahabi, Muhammad bn Ahmad, Tarikhul Islam Wa Wafayatul Al-Mashahiril Wal A'alam, Umar Abdul Salam Tadmur, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutb Al-Ilmiyah, 1409 Hijira.
  • Zamakhshari, Mahmoud ibn Omar,Kasshaf An Haƙa'iƙ Gawamid Attanzil Wa Uyunul AlAƙawil Fi Wujuhil Tawil, Riyadh, Maktaba Al-Ubaykan, 1418H.
  • Shah Abdul Azimi, Hossein, Tafsir Ethni Ashri, Tehran, Miqat Publishing House, 1363.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh al-Tabari: Tarikh al-Umm al-Maluk, bincike na Muhammad Abulfazl Ibrahim, Beirut, 1387H.
  • Qureshi, Sayyid Ali Akbar, Qamus Quran, Tehran, Darul Kitab al-Islamiya, 1412H.
  • Qomi, Ali bin Ibrahim, Tafsirul Qummi, gyara da gabatarwa na Sayyid Tayyab Mousavi Jazayeri, Qum, Dar Al-Katab Foundation for Printing and Publishing, bugu na uku, 1404H.
  • Majlesi, Mohammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar al-Jami'a Lidurari al-Akhbar al-A'imma al-Athar, Beirut, Dar Ahya al-Trath al-Arabi, bugu na biyu, 1403H.
  • Muqatil bin Suleiman, Tafsir Muqatil bin Suleiman, bincike na Mahmoud Abdullah Shehata, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Trath al-Arabi, bugu na farko, 1423H.
  • Moghrizi, Ahmad Bin Ali, Imta'ul Al-Asma Bima Lin Nabiyyi Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam Minal Ahwal Wal Amwal, wanda Muhammad Abdul Hamid Namisi ya yi bincike a Beirut, Dar al-Kitab Al-Alamiya, bugu na farko, shafi na. 1420 AH.
  • Yaqut Hamvi, Yaqut bin Abdallah, Maajm al-Baldan, editan Ferdinand Wittenfeld, Frankfurt, Cibiyar Larabci da Tarihin Musulunci, 1994.
Daga "https://ha.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Bai%27ar_Aƙaba&oldid=21181"