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At-Tibyan Fi Tafsiril Kur'an (Littafi)

Daga wikishia
At-Tibyan Fi Tafsiril Kur'an
MarubuciShaik Ɗusi (Rasuwa: 460 ƙamari)
Maudu'iTafsir Kur'an
SaloAƙida
HarsheLarabci
Adadin JildiJildi 10
Mai bugawaDarul Ihya'i Atturasil Arabi


At-Tibyan Fi Tafsiril Kur'an, (Larabci: التبيان في تفسير القرآن) wani littafi ne na Tafsir Kur'an, na Shaik Ɗusi (Rayuwa: 385-460) wanda ake la'akari da shi matsayin farkon kammalallen tafsirin Kur'ani da Shi'a suka fara gabatarwa, wannan littafi ya yi tasiri mai yawa cikin tsfiri, malaman tasfiri na Shi'a suna ɗauka daga wannan littafi. Wannan littafi ya tattaro tafsirin dukkanin ayoyin Kur'ani. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya keɓantu da su akwai duba zuwa ga dukkanin ɓangarori, sannan kuma cikin tafsiri yana ɗaukowa daga ilimummuka daban-daban.

Shaik Ɗusi a cikin wannan littafi ya kawo ra'ayoyin malaman tafsiri da malaman aƙidu na sauran mazhabobin Muslunci, bayan nan sai ya yi bincike da suka a kansu. Ibn Idris Hilli da Ibn Kal, daga malaman Shi'a a ƙarni na shida hijira ƙamari, sun taƙaice wannan littafi cikin taken "Talkhisut Tibyan".


Marubuci

Babban labari: Shaik Ɗusi

Muhammad Bin Hassan Ɗusi (Rayuwa: 385-460 hijira) wanda ya fi shahara da Shaik Ɗusi, babban malamin fiƙihu na Shi'a a ƙarni na biyar hijira ƙamari.[1] Bayan wafatin Sayyid Murtada, Ɗusi ya kasance jagoran Shi'a. Ya yaye ɗalibai masu yawai haka ya wallafa litattafai masu tarin yawa.[2]

Shaik Ɗusi ya kasance marubcin litattafai biyu daga Kutubul Arba'a wanda suka kasance mafi muhimmancin madogarai na hadisi a wurin Shi'a, sunayensu Tahzibul Ahkam da Al-Istibsar.[3]

Dalilin Rubuta Wannan Littafi

A faɗin Shaik Ɗusi cikin gabatarwa ta littafin, haƙiƙa tafsiran Kur'ani, zuwa wancan zamani, ko dai ba su tattaro dukkanin Kur'ani ko kuma dai ba su amfana daga sauran ilimummuka ba yayin da suke tafsirin; bari dai sun taƙaitu da ilimi guda ɗaya , misalin ilimin sanin lugga ko kuma ilimin sarfu da nahawu. Cikin ba'arin tafsirai ana taƙaituwa da iya ambaton riwayoyi, ba tare da tsayawa an yi bayani dalla-dalla ba kan riwayoyin.[4] Tafsiran da suka kasance kammalallu, sukan wuce gona da iri cikin faifaice bayani wani batu daga batutuwa tare kuma da ɗebo batutuwa da ba su da alaƙa da abin da ake magana kansa.[5]

Ya rubuta cewa tare da la'akari da wannan tawaya da giɓi, babban hadafin malamin ya kasance gabatar da wani sabon tafsiri na Kur'ani wanda ya ƙunshi dukkanin ilimummukan fahimtar Kur'ani; misalin ƙira'a, li'irabi, aƙida da kuma amsa shubuhohin aƙida na sauran mazhabobi. Ya kuma kasance littafi tsakatsaki: babu tsawaitawa ta yadda zai gajiyar da mai karatu kuma babu taƙaicewa da yawa ta yadda zai hana cimma ingantacciyar ma'ana.[6]

Matsayi

At-Tibyan shi ne cikakke kammalallen littafin tafsiri na Shi'a.[7] A faɗin Muhammad Hadi Ma'arifat, (Masanin ilimin kur'ani) At-Tibyan haƙiƙa ya ciri tuta kan baki ɗayan litattafan tafsiri na zamaninsa; saboda saɓaninsu, ya kasance littafin tafsiri na farko a zamanin wanda bai taƙaitu da iya ɓangaren tafsiri ba, ya tattaro dukkanin ra'ayoyin malaman tafsiri da suka gabace shi.[8] Malamin yana ganin littafin matsayin tsakatsakin tafsiri kuma tare da kammala da ya tattaro baki ɗayan kyawawan fuskokin tafsiran da suka gabace shi.[9] Haka kumma marubucin maƙalar "Binciken hanyoyin kusantar fahimta tsakanin tafsirin al-Tibyan da Majma'ul al-Bayan wajen kawo ruwayoyin Ahlul Baiti." At-Tibyan shi ne tafsirin na ijtihadi na farko a Shi'a da cikinsa aka shaida motsin karkatuwa ga hankali a ƙarni na huɗu da biyar hijira ƙamari.[10] A cewar Marubucin Shaik Ɗusi cikin rubuta wannan tafsiri ya yi amfani daga rubuce-rubucen Shi'a da Ahlus-Sunna.[11]

Muhammad Ali Mahadawi Rad (Haihuwa: 1935m), masanin Kur'ani, ya rubuta cewa At-Tibyan ya yi matuƙar tasiri kan malaman tafsiri da suka zo bayansa. Daga jumla Ɗabrisi wanda ya yi yabo kan wannan littafi tare da bayyana cewa salon wannan littafi ya kwaikwaya cikin rubuta littafinsa mai suna Majma'ul Bayan.[12]

Abubuwan Da Wannan Littafi Ya Keɓantu Da Su

Shaik Ɗusi cikin At-tibyan yana yin kallon mai faɗin gaske, kuma ya yi amfani da baki ɗayan ilimummukan Kur'ani a cikin tafsirin Kur'ani; ilimummuka misalin sanin lugga, ƙira'a, asbabun nuzul, nasikh da mansukh, Surori makkiya da madaniyya.[13] Haka kuma tafsiri da tawili, muhkam da mutashabihu, fuskokin i'ijazin Kur'ani da binciken sunayen Kur'ani da surori.[14]

Cikin suran abubuwa da aka jinginawa wannan littafi akwai: Tafsirin Kur'ani da Kur'ani,[15] Rashin amfani da raunanan riwayoyi da amfani da ingantattu, tare da sharaɗin cewa ba su saɓawa Kur'ani da hankali ba[16] da kuma bijiro da bahasin aƙida mai faɗin gaske.[17]

Cikin wannan littafi bayan ambaton ko wace aya, za a fara da bincike da nazarin kalmomi da ma'anoni ba su da bayyana, da kuma bayani bambance-bambancen ƙira'o'i. Bayan nan za a yi nazarin mabambantan ra'ayoyi da mahangu na tafsiri, sai a fitar da ma'anar ayar tare da kiyaye gajartawar lafazi da kamalar ma'ana. Haka kuma cikin girmamawa za ayi suka kan asbabun nuzul na ayar da batutuwa na aƙida da suka shafi wannan aya wanda aka bijiro da su da kuma tunannukan masu adawa.[18]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Gorji, Tarikhe Fiƙhe Wa Fuƙaha, 1392SH, shafi na 181.
  2. ↑ Gorji, Tarikhe Fiƙhe Wa Fuƙaha, 1379SH, shafi na 183.
  3. ↑ Gorji, Tarikhe Fiƙhe Wa Fuƙaha, 1379SH, shafi na 185.
  4. ↑ Tusi, Al-Tabyan, Dar Ihyaa Al-Turahat Al-Arabi, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 1.
  5. ↑ Tusi, Al-Tabyan, Dar Ihyaa Al-Turahat Al-Arabi, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 1-2
  6. ↑ Tusi, Al-Tabyan, Dar Ihyaa Al-Turahat Al-Arabi, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 2.
  7. ↑ Kariminia, "Sheikh Tusi Wa Manabi Tafsiri We Dar Al-Tibyan," shafi. 82; Marafet, Tafsiri, da Mufassirs, 1379SH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 247.
  8. ↑ Ma'arifat, Tafsiir Wa Mufassirun, 1379SH, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 247.
  9. ↑ Ma'arifat, Tafsiir Wa Mufassirun, 1379SH, juzu'i. 2, shafi na 248
  10. ↑ Musavi Darabeidi Wa Ahmadnejad, “Barrasi Ruyekerde Taƙribi Do Tafsirie Al-Tabiyah Wa Majma’ Al-Bayyan Dar Naƙle Rewayate Ahlul Baiti (AS),” shafi na 342.
  11. ↑ Musavi Darabeidi Wa Ahmadnejad, “Barrasi Ruyekerde Taƙribi Do Tafsirie Al-Tabiyah Wa Majma’ Al-Bayyan Dar Naƙle Rewayate Ahlul Baiti (AS),” shafi na 342.
  12. ↑ Mahdavi Rad, “Al-Tabyan fi Tafsir Al-ƙuran”, shafi na 186-187.
  13. ↑ Irani, Rabeshe Sheikh Tusi Dar Tafsirie Tibyan, 1371SH, shafi na 62.
  14. ↑ Ma'arifat, Tafsir Wa Mufassirun, 1379SH, shafi na 248.
  15. ↑ Irani, Rabeshe Sheikh Tusi Dar Tafsirie Tibyan, 1371SH, shafi na 93.
  16. ↑ Irani, Rabeshe Sheikh Tusi Dar Tafsirie Tibyan, 1371SH, shafi na 127-128.
  17. ↑ Irani, Rabeshe Sheikh Tusi Dar Tafsirie Tibyan, 1371SH, shafi na 159.
  18. ↑ Ma'arifat, Tafsir Wa Mufassirun, 1379SH, shafi na 248.

Nassoshi

  • Aƙa Buzurg Tehrani، Muhammad Muhsin، al‑Dhari‘ah ilaTaṣanif al‑Shi‘a، Beirut، Mawallafar Dār al‑Aḍwā’، bugu na biyu، 1403ƙ.
  • Irani، Akbar، Rawishe Sheikh Tusi dar Tafsir Tibyan، Tehran، Kungiyar Yaɗa Musulunci, 1371SH.
  • Tusi، Muhammad bin Hasan، al‑Tibyan fi Tafsir al‑ƙur’an، Beirut، Mawallafar Dar Iḥya’ al‑Turath al‑‘Arabi، ba tare da shekara ba.
  • Karimi‑Niya، Murtada، «Sheikh Tusi wa manabi‘e tafsiriye wi dar al‑Tibyan»، a cikin Mujallar Kullum‑ta‑shekara ta Kwalejin Ilahiyāt da Ma’arifa ta Mashhad.، lamba ta 74، 1385SH.
  • Gurji، Abul Ƙāsim، Tarikhe Fiƙh wa Fuƙaha، Tehran، SAMT، bugu na goma sha uku، 1379SH.
  • Ma‘rifat، Muhammad Hadi، Tafsir wa Mufassirān، fassarar wata ƙungiyar masu bincike،Ƙum، Gidaunar Fassara da Bugu ta al‑Tamhīd, shekara ta 1379SH.
  • Mahdavi Rad, Mohammad Ali, “Al-Tabyan fi Tafsir Al-ƙuran”, A Bayyinat, lamba. 3, 1373SH.
  • Musavi Darabeidi, Seyed Hossein and Amir Ahmadnejad, «بررسی رویکرد تقریبی دو تفسیر التبیان و مجمع‌البیان در نقل روایات اهل‌بیت‌(ع)», (Bincike kan salon kusantarwa (taƙribi) na tafsirofi biyu Al‑Tibyān da Majma‘ al‑Bayān wajen ruwaito riwayoyin Ahlul‑Bayt (A.S.)) Bincike‑binciken Tafsirin Kwatantawa, lamba ta 15 21 Maris 2022M.
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