I'ijazin Kur'ani

Daga wikishia
ƙasidar mu'ujizar kur'ani tana da alaƙa da ƙasidun mu'ujizar kur'ani ta adadi da mu'ujizar kur'ani a ilimin boko da rashin jikituwar kur'ani

Mu'ujizar kur'ani (Larabci: الإعجاز القرآني) na nufin cewa babu wani mutum da ya isa ya rubuta littafin misalign kur'ani, wannan alama ce da ke tabbatar da cewa kur'ani ya sauka da ne daga ubangiji. Malaman muslunci sun tabbatar da cewa kur'ani shi ne mafi girman mu'ujizar Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W) kuma shi ne dalili kan annabtarsa. Mas'alar mu'ujizancin kur'ani ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mas'aloli da ake bahasi kansu cikin ilimin kalam na muslunci.

Musulmai suna ɗaukar kur'ani matsayin mu'ujiza ta fuskoki misalin balaga, ilimi da ma'arifa, bada labarin gaibu, rashin cin karo cikinsa. Shi kansa kur'ani ya yi ishara kan kasancewarsa mu'ujiza cikin ayoyi guda shida cikin salon ƙalubale da tahaddi; ma'ana ya gayyaci masu adawa idan sun isa su zo da littafi irinsa.

Malaman muslunci sun rubuta litattafai masu yawan gaske game da mu'ujizar kur'ani, ba'arinsu sun kasance kamar haka: I'ijazul Al-kur'ani, na Abubakar Baƙilani (Wafati: 403, h, ƙ) I'ijazul Al-kur'an Wal Al-kalam Fi Wujuhihi, na Shaik Mufid (Wafati: 413, h, ƙ), As-sirfatu FI I'ijazil Al-kur'an, talifin Sayyid Murtada (Wafati: 436, h, ƙ), Dala'ilul Al-I'ijazil Al-kur'an, rubutun Abdul-ƙahir Jurjani (Wafati: 471, h, ƙ).

Ma'anar I'ijazin Kur'ani Da Muhimmancinsa

Musulmai suna ɗaukar kur'ani matsayin mu'ujizar Annabin Muslunci (S.A.W).[1] mu'ujizancin kur'ani yana da ma'anar cewa wannan littafi ya fi ƙarfin iyawar mutum kuma littafi ne daga Allah babu wani mutum da zai iya zuwa da kwatankwacinsa.[2] Shaik Ɗusi a cikin tafisirinsa At-tibyan yana tafi kan cewa kur'ani ya kasance mafi girma da shaharar mu'ujizar Annabi.[3]

Abubakar Baƙilani (Wafati: 403, h, ƙ) daga malaman ahlus-sunna, shima ya yi rubutu game da muhimmancin I'ijazin Kur'ani duk da cewa Annabi (S.A.W) yana da wasu mujizojin daban bayan kur'an, annabtar Annabin muslunci ta ginu ne kan mu'ujizancin kur'ani; saboda mu'ujizarsa ta faru a wani keɓantaccen lokaci kuma ga asu keɓantattun ɗaiɗaikun adadin mutane; amma tare da haka kur'ani ya kasance ya kasance kan idanun bakiɗayan babu wanda ya yi inkarin samuwarsa.[4]

Ƙalubalen Kur'ani

ƙalubale ko tahaddi, a cikin ilimin kur'ani[5] da ilimin kalam na muslunci,[6] yana da ma'anar gayyatar wanda ya yiwa masu inkarin annabtarsa da su zo masa da misali ko kwatankwacin mu'ujizarsa.[7] ayoyi ne shida cikin kur'ani suka yi ƙalubale da tahaddi, ma'ana masu inkarin mu'ujizancin kur'ani suka nemi su kawo kwatankwacin kur'ani.[8] ana kiran waɗannan ayoyi da suna ayoyin tahaddi.[9]

Mabambantan Mahanga Game da I'ijazin Kur'ani

Malaman muslunci cewa a wace fuska ce kur'ani ya kasance mu'ujiza akwai mabambantan mahanga da ra'ayoyi. Galibin mahanga da Suyuɗi fitaccen malamin ahlus-sunna masanin kur'ani (Wafati: 911, h, ƙ) ya kawo cikin littafin Al-itƙan, sun kasance mu'ujiza da ijazi ta fuskacin adabi. Na'am ko wane ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyi sun yi ƙarin bayani kan I'ijazi na adabi.[10]

Amma malaman muslunci sun yi amanna da cewa kur'ani mujiza ne ta fuskoki daban-daban, alal misali Allama ɗabaɗaba'i (Wafati: 1360, h, shamsi) malamin tafsirin kur'ani yana ganin cewa kur'ani ƙari akan bakaga ya tattaro ma'arifa, kasancewar Annabi bai iya karatu da rubutu ba, labaran gaibu da rashin saɓani cikinsa.[11] Abubakar Baƙilani shi ma ya tabbatar da cewa haƙiƙa kur'ani ƙari kan I'ijazin na adabi ya tattaro labaran gaibu rashin kasancewar Annabi yana karatu da rubutu. Muhammad Hadi Marifat (Wafati: 2016, m) ya bijiro da batun I'ijazi da mu'ujizar kur'ani cikin ilimin zamani da shari'a ƙari kan I'ijazinsa a fagen adabi.[12]

Nazariyyar Sarfa

Tushen ƙasida: Nazariyyar Sarfa

An bijiro da wata nazariyyar ta daban game da I'ijazin kur'ani wace ake kira da nazariyyar sarfa, bisa wannan nazariyya mu'ijizancin kur'ani yana da ma'anar cewa idan wani ya yi niyyar jayayya da adawa da kur'ani, Allah zai taka masa burki ya hana shi yi, ya hana shi iko kawo wani littafi kwatankwacin kur'ani. Wannan Magana ta tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya rubuta wani littafi irin kur'ani' sai dai cewa Allah ya kwace dama da ikon yin hakan daga gare su.[13] A cewar Suyuɗi a cikin littafinsa Ak-itƙanu, Ibrahim Nazzam (Wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na biyu, h, ƙ) malamin ahlus-sunna shi ne wanda ya kawo wannan nazariyya.[14] Sayyid Murtada da Shaik Mufid daga malaman shi'a sun yarda da wannan nazariyya.[15] a cewar Muhammad Hadi Marifat, malaman muslunci na wannan zamani da magabata duka sun watsi da nazariyya sarfa.[16]

Fuskokin I'ijazin Kur'ani

Ba'arin sasanni I'ijazin kur'ani bisa imanin malaman muslunci su ne kamar haka:

I'ijazi Na Adabi

I'ijazin kur'ani a fagen adabi yana da ma'anar cewa matanin kur'ani yana tattare da wasu siffofi wanda babu wanda zai iya zuwa da wani matani tare da irin waɗannan siffofi.[17] ba'arin waɗannan siffofi sun kasance misali kamar haka: gwanancewa cikin amfani da kalmomi a mahallan da suka dace da su, kasancewa tare da sabon Salo baƙo ɗayantacce wanda bai kasance misalin waƙa da aka saba da ita ba, ba kuma kwatankwacin zube ba da daɗaɗan lafuzza da waƙoƙi masu kwanciya a cikin zuciya.[18]

Bada Labaran Gaibu

Kamar yadda malaman muslunci suka faɗa, haƙiƙa kur'ani ya kasance yana bada labaran al'amuran da suka gabata da waɗanda za su zo wanda babu wanda yake labara game da su.[19] misali ya kawo bayani dalla-dalla kan ƙissar Sayyida Maryam, Nuhu da ɗufan da ya faru a lokacinsa, Yusuf da ƴan uwansa, waɗannan labarai ne da babu wanda ya sansu gabanin kur'ani ya bada labarta su.[20]

Haka nan bayan rashin nasara da Rum ta yi a hannun Iran a shekara ta 615 miladi, kur'ani ya bada labari na yankan shakku kan cewa nan da ƙasa da shekaru goma daular Iran za ta faɗu ƙasa, kuma haka ta faru.[21] hango makomar ba'arin ɗaiɗaikun mutane misalin Abu Lahab, Abu Jahal, da kuma bada labarin kan fatahu makka gabanin faruwarsa, suna daga cikin sauran labarurrukan gaibu da kur'ani ya bayar kuma duka sun faru kamar dai yadda ya faɗa.[22]

I'ijazi Na Ilimin Zamani

Tushen ƙasida: I'ijazin Kur'ani A Fagen Ilimin Boko

Ma'anar I'ijazin kur'ani a fannin ilimi shi ne cewa wannan littafi ya yi bayani game da ilimin kimiyya tun wancan zamani a lokacin da ba a gano wannan ilimi ba,[23] kuma har zuwa yanzu abubuwa da ya bada labarinsu ba iya ƙaryata su ba. Ba'arin batutuwa da malaman tafsiri suke jingina su ga kur'ani da suke ɗaukarsu matsayin I'ijazin kur'ani a fanni ilimin kimiyya su ne kamar haka: motsin mahalli da ciratar ƙasa, fisgar ƙasa (the earth gravity), kasancewar tsirrai da dabbobi nau'i biyu-biyu ma'ana jinsi mace da namiji da kuma jujjuyawa kwallon duniya cikin ayyanannun matsugunai.[24]

Muhammad Hadi Marifat masanin ilimin kur'ani, tare da jingina da ayar da take cewa: "kuma muka sanya dukkanin abu mai rai daga ruwa"[25] abubuwa da ilimin kimiyya ya gano an fahimci cewa rayuwa ta dogara ne kan ruwa, wannan aya ta kasance wata babbar mu'ijizar kur'ani cikin fannin ilimin kimiyya.[26]

Sauran Fuskoki

I'ijazin kur'ani a ɓangaren shari'a.[27] da mujizar kur'ani cikin ƙididdigar Adadi[28] suna daga sauran ɓangarori I'ijazin kur'ani da ba'arin masanan musulmai suka bijiro da su.

Kan asasin nazariyya ta farko, hukunce-hukunce da dokoki da muslunci ya sanya su ga mutane, saɓanin dokokin ɗan adam, sun tattaro dukkanin sasanni, daga sasannin mada da kuma sasannin ma'ana kafaɗa da kafaɗa da juna. Dokoki da hukunce-hukunce da suke lamintar da farincikin duniya da kwanciyar hankali haka kuna suna dacewa da tsarin halitta, kasancewar babu wani mutum da zai iya wannan aiki, wajibi ne kur'ani ya sauko daga ɓangaren ubangiji.[29]

Bisa nazariyya ta biyu ma'ana nazariyyar I'ijazin kur'ani na ƙididdigar adadi, haƙiƙa adadin haruffa da kalmomin kur'ani sun kasance cikin wani tsari da babu wani marubuci da zai iya samar da kwatankwacinsa, haƙiƙa wannan tsari alama ce ta I'ijazi da mu'ujizancin kur'ani.[30] alal missal, cikin kur'ani an yi amfani da Kalmar "ساعة" (Lokaci) da adadin awanni rana da yini ma'ana awa 24. Kalmar «شهر» (Wata) da adadin watannin da suke cikin shekara ma'ana guda 12, Kalmar «سجده» (Sujjada) ta zo karo 34 cikin kur'ani wanda yana daidai da adadin sujjadar da take cikin sallolin farali.[31] sai dai cewa da yawan malamai bas u yarda da wannan nazariyya ba.[32]

Sanin Litattafan I'ijazil Kur'an

Mas'alar I'ijazin kur'ani tun zamanin da har zuwa yau ɗin nan, wata mas'ala ce da tsawon ƙarnoni malaman muslunci suke ta yi rubutu game da ita.[33] daga jumlarsu har da litattafan ilimin kalam da aka dogara da su kan tabbatar da annabtar Annabin muslunci (S.A.W).[34] haka nan da wani sashe daga litattafan ilimin kur'ani da suke keɓantu da wannan maudu'i.[35] ƙari kan haka batun I'ijazin kur'ani ya kasance cikin maudu'in mai cin gashin kansa a litattafan malaman muslunci. Ba'arin rubuce-rubuce masu cin gashin kansu da aka yi a wannan fage su ne: 1.I'ijazul Al-kur'an Fi NazmihiWa Talifihi, Abu Abdullahi Muhammad Bin Zaidu Wasiɗi (Wafati: 306 ko 307, h, ƙ) yana cikin fitattun malaman kalam a bagdad.[36]

2.I'ijazul Al-kur'an, na Ali bin Isa Rummani (Wafati: 384, h, ƙ), yana cikin mu'utaziwan bagdad.[37] 3.Bayan I'ijazil Al-kur'an, na Abu Sulaiman Muhammad Khaɗabi (Wafati: 388, h, ƙ) ya kasance cikin malaman hadisi a garin khurasan. Wannan littafi da wanda ya gabata sun kasance cikin wasu adadin risaloli guda uku da ake kira Salasu Rasa'ail Fi I'ijazil Al-kur'an a shekarar 1376 h, ƙ. aka buga littafina ƙasar misra;[38] 4.I'ijazul Al-kur'an, na Khazi Abubakar Baƙilani (Wafati: 403, h, ƙ) bugunsa ya kasance cikin mabambantan nau'i. wannan littafi ya kasance madogarar masu bincike kan wannan maudu'i.[39] 5.I'ijazul Al-kur'an wal Al-kalam Fi Wuhihi, na Shaik Mufid (Wafati: 413, h, ƙ) faƙihi kuma babban malamin hadisi da ilimin kalam na shi'a.[40]

6.As-sarfa Fi I'ijazil Al-kur'ani, na Sayyid Murtada (Wafati: 436, h, ƙ) fitaccen malamin kalam da usul a shi'a. wannan littafi ana kiransa da sunan Al-muwazzihu An Wajhil I'ijaz Kur'an.[41] 7.Dala'ilul Al-I'ijazil, na Abdul-ƙahir Jurjani (Wafati: 471, h, ƙ) ya kasance cikin farkon waɗanda suka fara rubutu kan ilimin balagar harshen larabci, wannan littafi an buga shi lokuta daban-daban, anyi bahasi da bincike masu yawa a kansa.[42]

8.Ar-risalatul Ash-shafiya Fi I'ijazil Al-kur'an, na Abdul-ƙahir Jurjani wanda aka tsara shi cikin silsilar risaloli guda uku da sunan Salasu Rasa'il Fi I'ijazil Al-kur'an.[43] 9.Nihayatul Al-ijaz Fi Dirayatil Al-I'ijazil Al-kur'an, Fakhrud A-dini razi (Wafati: 606, h, ƙ).[44] 10.I'ijazil Kur'an, na Sayyid Muhammad Husaini ɗabaɗaba'i. wannan littafi an ciro shi daga rubuce-rubucensa, musammam daga littafin Al-mizan cikin bahasin I'ijazin Kur'ani.[45]

Haka nan akwai litattafai da ƙasidu da risaloli masu yawan gaske da aka yi game da I'ijazin kur'ani. Cikin ƙasida mai lamba 348 an kawo rubuce-rubuce da aka yi a wannan fanni.[46]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Mutahhari, Majmu'eh Athar, 1384 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi 211; Baqalani, Mu’ujizar Kur’ani, 1421 BC, shafi na 9.
  2. ↑ Motahhari, Majmu'eh Athars, 1384 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 211. ↑
  3. ↑ Tusi, Al-Tibyan, Dar Al-Ahya’ Al-Tarath Al-Arabi, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 3.
  4. ↑ Baghalani, Ijaz al-Qur'an, 1421 AH, shafi na 9.
  5. ↑ Jawahery, "Wakawi Malak, Tahaddi dar Qur’ani wa nakze mandik tanazeli," shafi na 112.
  6. ↑ Juma Az Nuysandegan, Sharhu Almustalahat Al-kalamiyya, 1415H, shafi na 64.
  7. ↑ Moadeb, I'ijaz Kur’ani dar nazre Ahlul Baiti, 1379, shafi na 17.
  8. ↑ Khorramshahi, Danshnameh Kur’ani wa Kur’an Pajuhi, 1377 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi 481.
  9. ↑ Khorramshahi, Danshnameh Kur’ani wa Kur’an Pajuhi, 1377 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi 481
  10. ↑ Suyuti, Al-Itqan, 1421 BC, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 242.
  11. ↑ Tabatabai, Al-Mizan, 1390 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 62-68.
  12. ↑ Ma’rifat, Al-Tamhid, 1388H, juzu’i na 6, shafi na 34.
  13. ↑ Siyuti, Al-Itqan, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 241; Marfat, Talmahid fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 2008, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 137.
  14. ↑ ^ Siyuti, Al-Itqan, 1421H, juzu’i na 2, shafi na 241.
  15. ↑ Duba Seyyed Mortaza, Rasaila al-Sharif al-Mortaza, 1405 AH, Juzu'i na 2, shafi na 323-327; Sheikh Mofid, Awal Al-Maqalat, 1413 AH, shafi na 63.
  16. ↑ Ma'raft, Tamhid fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 2008, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 180.
  17. ↑ Ma’rifat, Al-Tahmid, 1386H, juzu’i na 5, shafi na 15; Subhani, Al-Ilahiyat, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 243.
  18. ↑ Ma'rifat, Al-Tahmid, 1388H, juzu'i na 5, shafi na 16-17.
  19. ↑ Mutahari, Majmu'eh Athars, 1384 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 223; Ma'rifat, Al-Tahmid, 1386H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 186.
  20. ↑ Ma'rifat, Al-Tamhid, 1386H, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 186.
  21. ↑ Motahhari, Majmu'eh Athars, 1384 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 223.
  22. ↑ Marafet, Al-Tamhid, 2006, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 202.
  23. ↑ Broumand, "Barsi wa nakze taujihi ilmi i'ijaz Kur'ani", shafi na 76-77.
  24. ↑ Maarif, "Jayegahe I;ijaz Ilimi Kur’ani dar Tafsir Nawin," shafi na 87.
  25. ↑ Suratul Anbiya, aya ta 30
  26. ↑ Ma'rifat, Al-Tamhid, 1386 Hijira, juzu'i na 6, shafi na 35-39.
  27. ↑ Ma’rifat, Al-Tamhid, 1386H, juzu’i na 6, shafi na 217.
  28. ↑ Rezaei Esfahani, Pajuheshi dar I'ijaz Ilimi Kur'ani, 2008, shafi na 220; Norouzi, "Kitanshinasi I'ijaz adadi Kur'an", shafi na 84.
  29. ↑ Ma’rifat, Al-Tamhid, 1388H, juzu’i na 6, shafi na 216-217.
  30. ↑ Yazdani, “I'ijaz adadi wa nazme riyazi Kur’an”, shafi na 62; Alvi Moghadam, “Ayyukan Alqur’ani (2)”, shafi na 26.
  31. ↑ Yazdani, ““I'ijaz adadi wa nazme riyazi Kur’an”, shafi na 65; Norouzi, "Kitanshinasi I'ijaz adadi Kur'an", shafi na 84; Alvi Moghadam, “Ayyukan Al-Qur’ani (2)”, shafi na 27.
  32. ↑ Norouzi, "Kitanshinasi I'ijaz adadi Kur'an", shafi na 83.
  33. ↑ Marafat, “I'ijaz Kur’ani,” shafi na 365.
  34. ↑ Mutahhari, Majmueh Athar, 1384 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi 212-223; Subhani, Al-Ilahiyat, 1413 BC, juzu'i na 3, shafi na 233-436.
  35. ↑ Misali, duba Marafet, Al-Tamhid, 2008, juzu'i na 5 da na 6.
  36. ↑ Marafat, “I'ijaz Kur’an,” shafi na 365.
  37. ↑ Mirza Mohammad, "Mukaddimeh Wirastan", shafi na 19-20.
  38. ↑ Marfat, “ I'ijaz Kur’ani”, shafi na 365.
  39. ↑ Marfat, “ I'ijaz Kur’ani”, shafi na 365
  40. ↑ Mirza Mohammad, "Mukaddimeh Wirastan", shafi na 22-23.
  41. ↑ Mirza Mohammad, "Mukaddimeh Wirastan", shafi na 25.
  42. ↑ Marfat, “I'ijaz Kur’an”, shafi na 365.
  43. ↑ Marfat, “I'ijaz Kur’an”, shafi na 365.
  44. ↑ Marfat, “I'ijaz Kur’an”, shafi na 365.
  45. ↑ Mirza Mohammad, “Mukaddimeh Wirastan”, shafi na 18.
  46. ↑ Rezaei, "Manba Shahnasi, I'ijaz Ilmi Qur'an," shafi na 198-218.

Nassoshi

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  • Broumand, Muhammad Hussein, “Barsi wa nakze taujihi Ilmi I'ijaz ilmi Kur’an,” a cikin Maqalat wa Berrsiha, 71, 1381H.
  • Jam'i az nawisendigan, Sharfhu Al-Mustalahat Al-kalamiyya, Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, Mashhad, Astana Razavi, 1415 BC.
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  • Rezaei, Hasan Reza, "Manba'u shinasi I'ijaz ilmi Kur'an", a cikin mujalla na musamman na Kur'an da Kimiyya na kashi biyu, Q7, 2009.
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  • Sayyid Mortaza, Rasaila al-Sharif al-Mortaza, wanda Sayyid Mahdi Rajaee, Qum, Darul Qur'an al-Karim, ya yi bincike, 1405H.
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Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut, Al-Alami Foundation for Publications, bugu na biyu, 1390H.

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