Assalatu Kairun Minan Naumi

Assalatu kairun minan naumi, (Larabci: الصلاة خیر من النوم) ma'ana sallah ita ce mafi alheri daga bacci, wata jumla ce da ahlus-sunna suke faɗar ta lokacin kiran sallar asubahi bayan faɗin hayyu alal fala, galibin malaman fiƙihu na ahlus-sunna tare da jingina da ba'arin riwayoyi, sun tafi kan cewa faɗin wannan jumla a lokacin sallar asubahi mustahabbi ne. kishiyar wannan magana, malalan fiƙihun imamiyya sun yi ijma'i kan cewa faɗin wannan jumla a cikin kiran sallah ba ya halasta matuƙar za a faɗe ta da niyyar ibada, a ra'ayinsu kwata-kwata babu cikakken dalili daga shari'a kan halascin faɗin wannan jumla cikin kiran sallah.

Dangane da wane lokaci ne aka fara faɗin «الصلاة خیر من النوم» kuma wane ne ya ƙara ta cikin kiran sallah? Akwai mabambantan naƙali da suka zo cikin madogaran ahlus-sunna. Cikin ba'arin naƙali ya zo cewa Bilal ne ya ƙara wannan jumla cikin kiran sallah sai Annabi (S.A.W) ya yarda da wannan ƙarin jumla, cikin ba'arin madogarai ana cewa Annabi (S.A.W) ne ya koyar da Abu Mahzura wannan jumla. Hakan nan ana cewa wanda ya fara faɗinta a kiran sallah shi ne Sa'ad ɗan A'iz, ladanin masallacin ƙuba a zamanin Annabi, a zamanin halifancin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab ya ƙirƙiri wannan bidi'a. bisa riwaya da Malin ɗan Anas ya naƙalto cikin littafinsa Al-muwaɗɗa an ƙara wannan jumla a cikin kiran sallah zamanin halifancin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab bisa izininsa da goyan bayansa.

Ana kiran jumlar Assalatu kairun minan naumi da sunan "Taswib" a cikin isɗilahin malaman fiƙihu tana da ma'anar cewa yayin da tare da faɗin hayyu alas salat; (ku gaggauta zuwa sallah) aka kira mutane zuwa ga sallah, bayan maimaita wata gaba daban wato Assalatu kairun minan naumi, zai zamana kenan an sake kiran mutane zuwa ga sallah, na'am ana cewa taswib yana ɗauke da ma'ana mai faɗi fiye da wannan, wasu ba'ari suna kiran faɗin jumlar الصلاةَ، رَحِمَکُمُ اللهُ، الصلاةَ tsakanin kiran sallah da iƙama, ko kuma faɗin hayyu alas salat da hayyu alal fala tsakanin kiran sallah da iƙama. Shi ma da suna taswib.

Sanin Ma'ana da Matsayi

Assalatu kairun minan naumi, ma'ana, sallah ita ce mafi alheri daga bacci, wata jumla ce da ahlus-sunna suke maimaita faɗin ta sau biyu cikin kiran sallar asubahi bayan gaɓar hayyu alal fala.[1] faɗin wannan jumla cikin kiran sallar asuba ana kiransa da suna taswib.[2] taswib yana da ma'ana sake kira zuwa ga sallah, da wannan bayani ne lokacin da ladani ya kira hayyu alas salat, ya sake dawowa ya kira mutane zuwa ga sallah, tare da faɗin assalatu kairun minan naumi ya sake kiran tunatar da mutane sallar asubahi.

Ba'ari suna lissafa jumlar «الصلاةَ، رَحِمَکُمُ اللهُ، الصلاةَ» tsakanin kiran sallah da tayar da iƙama shima wani nau'i ne na sake tunatar da mutane lokacin sallah ya yi kuma ana lissafa shi ɗaya daga cikin taswib.[4] haka nan ana cewa ba'arin malaman mazhabar hanafiyya na garin kufa suna lissafa maimaita faɗin hayya alal salat sau biyu da hayyu alal fala sau biyu matsayin wani nau'i daga taswib.[5]

An yi bahasi kan wannan take cikin litattafan fiƙihu a babin sallah.[6] haka nan mas'alar taswib ta bijiro cikin bahasosin ilimin kalam.[7]

Kasancewar Taswib Bidi'a A Mahangar Imamiyya

Malaman imamiyya suna ɗauƙar faɗin assalatu kairun minan naumi da ake cikin kiran sallar asubahi a matsayin bidi'a, kuma haramun ne a faɗi wannan jumlar da niyyar neman kusancin Allah kuma bidi'a ce cikin addini.[8] sun yi Imani ba su sami wani dalili na shari'a kan tabbatar da halascin faɗin wannan jumla.[9] na'am akwai riwayoyi daga Imamai ma'asumai cikin ba'arin madogarai na riwayoyin imamiyya da aka naƙalto wanda daga cikinsu ana iya ciro halascin yin taswib,[10] sai dia cewa kuma waɗannan riwayoyi riwayoyi shaz ratsatsatstsu da ba a iya dogara da su[11] kuma suna cin karo da rukunin wasu riwayoyi daban da ƙarara a fili suke watsi da halascin yin taswib cikin kiran sallar asubahi;[12] saboda haka ne malaman fiƙihu suke ɗora waɗancan riwayoyi na halascin taswib kan halin taƙiyya;[14] idan ya zama an faɗi wannan jumla ta taswib ba da niyyar taƙiyya ko faɗakarwa ba ko niyyar kusanci da Allah, haƙiƙa cikin halasci ko rashin halascin faɗinta akwai saɓanin tsakanin malamai.[15] malaman fiƙihu misalin Fadilul Hindi[16] da Faizul Kashani,[17] sun tafi kasancewar ta makaruhi, malaman fiƙihu misalin Sahibul Jawahir[17] da Kashiful Al-giɗa[19] sun haramta taswib.

Kashiful Al-giɗa sakamakon ganin taswib ko faɗin "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" a cikin kiran sallah matsayin bidi'a ya bada fatawar haramcinsa haramci na zati da babu wani abu da zai iya halasta shi.[20]

Halascin Assalatu Kairun Minan Naumi A Mahangar Ahlus-sunna

Kan asasin mahangar mashhur malaman fiƙihun ahlus-sunna, faɗin Assalatu kairun minan naumi bayan hayyu alal fala cikin kiran sallar asubahi yana matsayin mustahabbi.[21] na'am ana cewa Muhammad ɗan Idris Shafi'i a wani wuri ya tafi kan musthabannci wani wuri kuma ya ce makaruhi ne.[22] ba'arin malaman fiƙihu na hanaffiya sun halasta faɗin wannan jumla bayan kammala kiran sallah.[23] Kan asasin mahangar mashhur malaman fiƙihun ahlus-sunna, taswib ko faɗin assalatu kairun minan naumi kaɗai ya keɓantu da kiran sallar asubahi.[24]

Alamin Ahlus-sunna

Faɗin "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" cikin kiran sallah a tsawon tarihin muslunci ya kasance wani nau'in take da alami na ahlus-sunna, ta kai ga sarakunan daulolin ahlus-sunna suna bada umarni faɗin wannan jumla cikin kiran sallah.[25] alal misali cikin littafin Siratul Halabiyya an naƙalto cewa a lokacin gwamnatin alu buye a bagdad ya kasance ana faɗin jumlar "hayyu ala kairil amal" har zuwa lokacin daular salajuƙiyawa a shekarar 448 hijira ƙamari sun shelanta hana faɗin wannan jumla cikin kiran sallah, sun bada umarni maimakon faɗin hayyu ala kairil amal a dinga faɗin assalatu kairun minan naumi.[26]

Saɓanin Ra'ayoyi Kan Lokaci Da Aka Fara Taswib

Akwai saɓani game da wane lokaci ne aka fara faɗin assalatu kairun minan naumi, kuma wane ne ya fara ƙara ta cikin kiran sallah:

Lokacin Halifanci Umar

A cewar Sayyid Ali Shaharistani cikin littafinsa mai taken "Assalatu Kairun Minan Naumi Fil Al-azan" malaman manyan firƙoƙi guda uku ma'ana imamiyya, isma'iliyya da zaidiyya, sun tabbatar da cewa a zamanin halifancin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab bisa izininsa ne aka ƙara assalatu kairun minan naumi cikin kiran sallah,[27] Malik ɗan Anas shima cikin Al-muwaɗɗa ya kawo wata riwaya kan asasinta ladani ya je wurin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab domin sanar da shi lokacin sallah ya yi, d aya je sai ya same shi yana bacci, ladani sai ya ce "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" bayan Umar ya farka daga bacci sai ya bada umarnin ƙara wannan jumla cikin sallah.[28] haka nan wasu ba'ari na cewa Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab ne farkon wanda ya bada umarnin cire "Hayyu ala kairil amal" daga cikin kiran sallah aka maye gurbinta da "Assalatu Kairun minan naumi".[29]

Bisa wani naƙalin daban Sa'ad ɗan A'iz ladanin masallacin ƙuba shi ne wanda ya fara ƙirƙirar bidi'a a zamanin halifancin Umar ɗan Khaɗɗab.[30] na'am cikin rauwayar da a aka naƙalto daga Imam Kazim (A.S) an bayyana cewa wannan jumla an ƙara ta cikin kiran sallah a zamanin mulkin bani umayya.[31]

Lokacin Rayuwar Annabi (S.A.W)

Game da ƙara jumlar taswib cikin kiran sallah a zamanin rayuwar Annabi (S.A.W) akwai mabambantan maganganu. Cikin ba'arin waɗannan riwayoyi an naƙalto cewa wata rana Bilal ya je wurin Annabi (S.A.W) domin sanar da shi sallar asubahi, sai ya samu Annabi (S.A.W) yana bacci, sai kawai ya ɗaga sauti yana faɗin "Assalatu kaurun minan naumi" sai Annabi ya goyi bayan ci gaba da sanya wannan jumla cikin kiran sallah.[32] cikin ba'arin riwayoyi ya zo cewa Annabi (S.A.W) ya koyar da wannan jumla ga Abu Mahzura.[33]

A cewar Jafar Subhani, riwayoyin da aka suka kawo rahotan yadda aka ƙara "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" da suka zo a litattafan ahlus-sunna, riwayoyi ne masu cin karo da juna da ba za a iya dogara da su ba; saboda cikinsa al'amarin na yawo tsakanin mustahabbanci da bidi'a wace take haramun ce saboda haƙura da faɗin wannan jumla shi ne abin da yafi dacewa, domin ko da ace ma ta kasance mustahabbi to barin ta ba ya jawo uƙuba, idan kuma ta kasance bidi'a to fa lallai cikin faɗin ta akwai uƙuba da za na yi wa mutum.[34] Ba'arin ahlus-sunna sun yi bayani ƙarara a fili cewa lallai fa jumlar "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" ba daga Annabi ta samo asalin shiga cikin kiran sallah ba, an ƙirƙireta ne bayan wafatinsa.[35]

Nazari

An yi rubuce-rubuce daban-daban game da jumlar "Assalatu kairun minan naumi" cikin kiran sallar asubahi, halasci da rashin halasci, ba'arin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce su ne kamar haka:

• Littafin "Assalatu Kairun Minan Naumi Fil Al-azan" cikin harshen larabci, Sayyid Ali Shaharistani ya wallafa wannan littafi, kuma kamfanin Intsharat "Al-rafid" ta garn bagdad suka fiar da shi a shekarar 1433 ƙamari.[36]

• Littafin "Mas'alatu Assalati Kairun Minan Naumi" wanda dandalin amsa tambayoyi ƙarƙashin Majma Jahani Ahlul-baiti (A.S) suka rubuta shi cikin mujalladi na 24 cikin silisilar kundi mai ɗauki da suna "Fi Rihab Ahlul-baiti (A.S) tare da ɗaukar nauyin buga shi, bugu da ƙari an tarjama wannan littafi zuwa harshen farisanci.