Wankan Tuba

Daga wikishia

wankan tuba (Larabci:غسل التوبة) yana daga cikin wanka na mustahabbai, haka nan ana daukarshi ɗaya daga cikin ladubban tuba, Malaman fikihun Shi'a sun tafi akan cewa mustahabbi ne wankan tuba daga kafirci, da fasikanci, da ƙananan zunubai, kuma ba'arin malaman fiƙihu na Ahlus-Sunna sun tafi akan cewa wajibi ne wanke tuba daga kafirci.

Sun ce a falsafar shar’anta wannan wankan shi ne kamala ne ga tuba, yana haifar da gaggawar karɓar tuba, sannan kuma yana kaiwa ga tsarkin zuciya.

Matsayin wankan Tuba

Wankan tuba yana ɗaya daga cikin ladubban tuba,[1] kuma bincike kan wankan tuba ya zo a cikin litattafai na fiƙihu a cikin babuka na sashin tsarki a sashin wankan mustahabbi.[2] kazalika ambatonshi ya zo cikin litattafan akhlaƙ.[3] da kuma Irfanul Amali.[4]

Sayyid Kazim Yazdi mawallafin littafin Al-Urwatul Al-Wusƙa ya ce, wasu malaman fikihu sun ɗauki wankan tuba – kamar wankan ɗawafi – daga cikin wankan da ake so kafin wani aiki na musamman, yayin da wasu malaman suka ce shi wanaka tuba, kamar wankan wanda ya yi sakaci ne wajen yin sallar Kusufi, wankan tuba yana daga cikin wankan da aka so bayan wani aiki na musamman.[5]

Mustahbancin wankan Tuba

Wani lokaci wankan tuba na tuba ne daga kafirci, wani lokaci na fasikanci, wani lokacin kuma na ƙananan zunubai ne, malaman fikihu sun yi ittifaƙi a kan mustahabbancin wanke tuba na kafirci da fasikanci, amma akwai saɓani dangane da mustahabbancin wanke tuba ga ƙananan zunubai.[6]

Wankan Tuba Daga Kafirci

Sahibul Al-Jawahir wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1266 bayan hijira ya ce malaman fikihu na shi'a sun yi ijma’i a kan mustahabbancin yin wankan tuba daga kafirci – shin kafircin na asali ne ko kuwa na ridda ne[7] kuma abin dogaro bisa wannan hukunci shi ne ruwayoyi da ijma’in malaman fiƙihu.[8] A bisa wata ruwaya Manzon Allah(S.A.W) ya umarci mutum biyu da suka musulunta, su yi wankan tuba.[9]

Shahidus Sani, ɗaya daga cikin malaman fikihun Shi'a a ƙarni na goma bayan hijira, ya ce: wasu Ahlus-sunna sun yi imani da cewa wankan tuba wajibi ne,[10] kuma wannan wankan a wasu daga cikin litattafan Ahlussunna ana kiranshi da shi wankan Musulunci.[11] kamar yadda idan mutum ya rungumi addinin Kiristaci zai yi wankan Ma’mudiyya.[12]

Wankan Tuba Daga Fasiƙanci

Allama Hilli (Wafati:726 bayan hijira) ya ce malaman fikihu na Shi'a suna ganin mustahabbanci yi wanka domin tuba daga fasiƙanci,[13] kuma fasikanci yana tabbata ne ta hanyar aikata manya-manyan zunubai ko dagewa kan aikata kananan laifuka.[14] An tabbatar da mustahabbancin yin wanka domin tuba ga fasiƙanci da ruwayoyi da ijma’in malaman fikihu.[15] don haka bisa wata ruwaya Imam Sadik (A.S) ya umurci duk wanda yake son tuba daga ci gaba da sauraron waƙa ya yi wanka kafin ya tuba.[16]

Wankan Tuba Daga Ƙananan Zunubai

Dangane da mustahabbancin yin wankan tuba ga ƙananan zunubai, akwai saɓani a tsakanin malaman fiƙihu,[17] Sayyid Muhammad Mahadi Bahrul Ulum wanda ya yi wafati a shekara ta 1212 hajira ya ce: mafi yawancin Fuƙaha’a sun tafi kan mustahabbanci yin wankan tuba daga daga ƙananan zunubi,[18] da kuma wasu malaman fiƙihu, irin su Sheik Mufid (wafatin shi 413 bayan hijira), da Abu Salah Halab ya rasu a shekara ta 447 bayan hijira ya ce: mustahabbancin wankan tuba ya kebanta da manyan zunubai.[19]

Falasafar wankan Tuba

Sayyid Kazim Yazdi mawallafin littafin Al-Urwa al-Wusƙa yana ganin cewa falsafar wankan tuba ita ce cikar tuba ko kuma saurin karbuwarta.[20] Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Bahru Ulum ɗaya daga cikin maraji’an taƙlidi na Shi'a a ƙarni na goma sha uku bayan hijira, ya ce daga cikin dalilin da yasa aka shar’anta wankan tuba akwai canzawa zuwa tsarki na ma’anawi wanda ake samu ta hanyar tuba da wankan tuba wanda yake shi tsarki ne na zahiri.[21]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Jum Man al-Bahisin, Mausus'atu fikhi ilsami, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 33, shafi na 67.
  2. ↑ Bahr al-Uloom, Masabihul al-Ahkam, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 507.
  3. ↑ Madani, Riyad al-Salkin, juzu'i na 4, shafi na 382.
  4. ↑ Bahr al-Uloom, Risalat Siir wa Seluk, 1418 AH, shafi 213; Al-Husseini al-Tahrani, Lab al-Lab, 1419 AH, shafi na 92.
  5. ↑ Al-Tabatabayi Al-Yazdi, Al-Arwa Al-Wathqi, 1419 Hijira, Mujalladi na 2, shafi na 156 da 157.
  6. ↑ Jum Man al-Bahisin, Mausus'atu fikhi ilsami, 1423 AH, juzu'i na 33, shafi na 67.
  7. ↑ Al-Najafi, Javaher Kalam, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 67.
  8. ↑ Al-Najafi, Javaher Kalam, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 68.
  9. ↑ Al-Najafi, Javaher Kalam, 1421 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 68.
  10. ↑ Al-Shaheed al-Thani, Masalak al-Afham, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107.
  11. ↑ Al-Hijjawi al-Maqdisi, Al-iqna fi fikihi Imam Ahmad bn Hanbal, Dar al-Ma’rifa, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 45; Ibn Taimiyyah, Sharh al-Umdah fi al-Fiqh, 1412 AH, shafi na 350.
  12. ↑ Tawfiqi, Ashnayi Ba Adyan Buzurg, 1394 AH, shafi 195.
  13. ↑ Allamah Al-Hilli, Muntaha Al-Matalib, 1412H, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 474.
  14. ↑ Shahidi na Biyu, Masalik Al-Afham, 1413 AH, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 107.
  15. ↑ Al-Bahbahani, Masabihul Az-zalam, Mujalladi na 4, shafi na 92.
  16. ↑ Al-Kulayni, Al-Kafi, 1429H, juzu'i na 12, shafi 785.
  17. ↑ Bahr Al-Ulum, Misbah Al-Ahkam, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 508.
  18. ↑ Bahr Al-Ulum, Misbah Al-Ahkam, 1385 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 508.
  19. ↑ Sheikh Al-Mufid, Al-Muqni’ah, 1410 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 51; Abu Al-Salah Al-Halabi, Al-Kafi fi Al-Fiqh, shafi na 135; Ibn Zahra, Ghaniyat al-Nazoo’, 1417 AH, juzu’i na 1, shafi na 62.
  20. ↑ Tabatabai Yazdi, Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa, 1419 AH, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 156 da 157.
  21. ↑ Bahr Al-Ulum, Masabihul Al-Ahkam, 1385 AH, vol. 2, p. 518.

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