Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma Sha Biyu

Daga wikishia

Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma Sha Biyu, (Larabci: التسنن الاثنا عشري) wata Fahimta ce ta Addini da aka sameta cikin Ahlus-Sunna, wasu jama’a da suka kasance bayan Imaninsu da halifofi uku suna da wilaya da Kauna dangane ga Imaman Shi’a (A.S) ance wannan Fahimta ba bakon abu bane hakika ya na tarihi tun Karni na Farko a Muslunci wannan fahimta ta kasance kishiya kan Gungun Jama’ar Usman Bn Affan da suke sabawa da Imam Ali (A.S) sai dai wannan Fahima bata fito ta yadu sosai ba sai a karni na 6 h kamari, kuma ta fara yaduwa ne a kasar Iran da Kasar Indiya sai kuma yankin Gabashin Babbar Kurasan da kuma garuruwan da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi Halifanci. Isdilahin Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu, sabon unwani ne da take da aka yi la’akari da shi a sabon bincike kan Tarihin Iran, sai dai cewa kuma wasu Masu zurfafa Bincike tare da Jinginarsu da Kofin Rubutun Hannu sun ce a Karshe-Karshen Mulkin Daular Safawiyya ma anyi amfani da wannan Isdilahi na Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu a Kasar Iran, daga cikin Ba’arin sabubba da dalilai na samuwar Fahimta ta Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu, anyi bayanin sababi da dalilin samuwar wannan Fahimta kamar haka: Faduwar Halifancin Abbasiyawa, Samuwar Sassauncin Mazhaba daga Sarkin IlaKhan Magul da Sarakun Taimuri, Habbakar Sufanci da samun Marja’iyyarsa, samun Kusanci da Juna tsakanin Sufanci da Shi’anci. Masu zurfafa binciken Tarihi, Hakika Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu ya na daga dalilai na Asali kan yaduwar Shi’anci a Yankin Gabashin kasashen Musulmi, musammam ma a Kasar Iran ya kasance babbar shimfida ta samuwar kafuwar Daular Safawiyya, a ra’ayinsu hakika samuwar Hukumomin da suke kan Fahimtar Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu cikin tsawon Karnoni har zuwa Karni na 10 H kamari ya bada babbar gudummawar sharar fage cikin sauya Mazhabar Iraniyawa daga Sunnanci zuwa Shi’anci A kasar Iran tsakanin Karni na 9 zuwa Karni na 10 san samu kafuwar Hukumomi da suke kan tsarin Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma Sha biyu, haka zalika akwai Fitattun shahararrun Mutane daban-daban a fannoni Al’adu da sakafa da suka kasance kan wannan fahima ta Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu, hakika cikin rubuce-rubucensu an samu Kari kan Imaninsu da Halifofi uku sun karbi A’imma a matsayin Hujjojin Allah kuma Ma’asumai

Gabatarwa da kuma Matsayi

Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu wata fahimta ce ta Addini a cikin Ahlus-sunna wacce ta kunshi Imani da Imamai Goma sha biyu na Shi’a Kari kan Imaninsu da Halifofi uku, [1] Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu ya kasance daya daga sababi da dalilan yaduwar Shi’anci a kasashen Gabashin Muslunci musammam ma a Kasar Iran, daga karni na 6 h kamari da karnonin da suka biyo bayansa [2] haka kuma sun yi la’akari da wannan Fahimta ta Sunnanci mai Imamai Goma sha biyu matsayin sharar fage da shimfida Mukaddima ta samuwar Daular Shi’anci ta Safawiyya [3] sun ce wannan fahimta ta kasance sababin Saukaka sauya Mazhaba da sassauta Ta’assubancin Mazhaba da rage rigingimun Addini tsakanin `Yan Shi’a da Ahlus-sunna a karni na bakwai a Kasar Iran. [4]

Sanin Isdilahi

Amfanin da kalmar Sunnanci mai Imamai sha biyu a cikin matanin littafin da ba a san marubincinsa ba

Anyi amfani da Kalmar Sunnanci Mai Imami Goma sha biyu cikin Matanin Littafin Futuhul Al-Mujahidin Fi Raddi Al-Mutadallisin, wanda littafi ne da ya kasance a Karshe-Karshen Daular Safawaiyya shekara ta 1090 h kamari, sai dai kuma littafi ne da ba a san Mawallafinsa ba. Isdilahin Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu wani sabon Take ne da aka yi la’akari da shi a cikin Binciken Tarihin Iran, [5] ance wannan take ba same shi ba cikin Masadir din Tarihi [6] amma tare da haka wasu ba’ari daga Masu zurfafa bincike kan Tarihi, cikin kofin rubutun Hannu sun samu wata Alama da take ishara kan yaduwar wannan Isdilahi a Karshe-karshen Daular Safawiyya, shekara 1090 h kamari [7] Akwai Kasida da Muhammad Takiyu Mai binciken ilimi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara 1290-1375 h shamsi wanda ya kasance masanin Kofin rubutun Hannu An danganta amfani da wannan kalma da bayanin da aka rubuta kan wannan isdilahi zuwa ga Mohammad Taghi wanda ya rayu tsakani (1290-1375 AH), wanda ya kasance mai bincike kan kwafin rubutun Hannu kuma dan kasar Iran a shekara ta 1344 h shamsi [8] amma suna cewa yaduwa da bayyana Mai fadi ta wannan Take an same shi cikin Rubuce-rubucen Rasul Jafariyan wanda ya kasance Masanin Tarihi.[9]

Takaitaccen Tarihi

Littafin Majmalul At-Tawarikh wa Kisasul Awwalin

Hakika littafin Majmal At-Tawarikh wal Al-kasas yana daga rubuce-rubuce na farko-farko da aka fara gani kan batun Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu A cewar ba’arin Masu zurfafa Bincike, hakika Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu ya fara bayyana a Karni Na 6 [10] amma Asalinsa ya kasance tun karnin farko a matsayin kishiyar Ahlus-sunna da suke kan Mazhabar Usmaniyanci da suka kasance suna Imani kan rashin halascin Halifancin Imam Ali (A.S) [11] da wannan aka samu wasu jama’a daga Ahlus-sunna suka mike suna bakin kokarinsu cikin yada Falalolin Imam Ali (A.S) da sauran Ahlil-Baiti (A.S) kishiyar Usmaniyyawa. [12] cikin dadaddun Litattafan Ilmin Rijal zaka samu ana kiran wadannan mutane da sunan Sunniyun Mutashayyu (Ahlus-sunna Masu yin Shi’anci) ko kuma Sunniyun Muttaham be Tashayyu (Ahlus-sunna da ake Tuhumarsu da Shi’anci) [13] A imanin Rasul Jafariyan kokarin da wadannan Mutane `Yan Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu suka yi a karni na 6 h kamari ya samar da gyara da sassauci cikin Mazhabar Ahlus-sunna [14] wannan gyara shi ne ya zama sababin samun damar rubuta litattafai kan Falalar Ahlil-Baiti (A.S) daga bangaren Ahlus-sunna [15] daga cikin Mutane da suka taka rawa da bada gudummawa a wannan fage akwai fitattun Malaman Addini da Ilimi kamar misalin Ahmad Bn Hanbal wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara 164-241 kuma daya daga cikin Malaman Fikihu guda hudu na Ahlus-sunna da kuma Muhammad Bn Jariri Tabari wanda ya mutu a shekara 310 h kamari [16] Wasu ba’ari sun yi bayanin sababin samuwar Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu kamar haka: Faduwar Halifanci Abbasiyawa, [17] Sassaucin Ta’assubancin Mazhabancin IlaKhan Magul, da Sarakunan Taimuri,[18] Habbakar Sufanci da samun Marja’iyyarsa, [19] samun kusanci juna tsakanin Sufanci da Shi’anci. [20] Su na cewa wannan Fahimta ta fara Yaduwa da farko a Kasashen Iran da Indiya, bayan nan kuma ta fadada yaduwa a yankin Babbar Kurasan da garuruwan da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi Mulki, [21] haka kuma akwai rahotanni da suke bayyana cewa Kafuwar Daular Safawiyya shi ne sababin gushewa wannan Fahimta ta Addini a Kasar Iran.[22]

Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma Sha Biyu a Fagen Siyasa

Hamdullah Mustaufa daga malaman tarihi da suke kan akidar sunnanci mai Imamai sha biyu:
Babi na uku a babi na uku cikin ambaton dukkan imamai ma'asumai, Allah ya yarda da su baki daya, wadanda su ne hujjar Allah a kan mutane... Duk da cewa imamai ma'asumai ba su zama halifofi ba, sai don sun cancanta. sai dai cewa cikin neman tabarruki daga cikin ni'imominsu, kuna kan takaitawa.

Mostofi, [23]

Marubutan Tarihi suna ganin canjin sheka na Mazhaba da aka samu cikin Iraniyawa daga Sunnanci zuwa Shi’anci ya kasance ta karkashinTasirin Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu da kuma karfin da ya yi cikin siyasa da ikon. [24] sun bada rahoto kan cewa wannan Fahimta ta samu Hukumomi da suke aiki da tsarinta daga sama har kasa a kowanne fage tsakanin Karni na 9 zuwa na 10 h kamari. [25] Sannan gabaninsu a Karni na 8 cikin gama garin kananan Hukumomin da aka samu a Irak da Iran, rahotanni na nuna cewa akwai samuwar wannan Fahimta, daga Samfurinsu Sarakunan Sarbadaran suma suna kan wannan Fahimta. [26] A karni na 9 h kamari Sarki Husaini Bayikara daga cikin Sarakunan Taimuri ya kasance yana da karkatuwa zuwa ga wannan Fahimta, ya kasance yana nuna sha’awarsa da karanta Hudubar da sunan Imamai Goma sha biyu (A.S) sai dai cewa Abdur-Rahman [27] da Amir Alishur Nawayi sun hana shi yin haka, [28] a wannan zamani ne Jahansha Karakuwinlu ya sa aka buga Sulalla dauke da Tambari Kalmar (Ali Waliyullahi) a Fuskar daya sannan a daya Fuskar a ka buga Tambarin sunayen Khulafa’ur Rashidin [29] wannan abu yana nuni kan karaktar Hukumarsa zuwa ga fahimtar Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu [30] Safawiyyawa wanda da farko sun kasance Ahlus-Sunna sannan suka karkata zuwa ga fahimtar Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu daga bayan kuma su zama `Yan Shi’a, [31] bayan zaman yan Shi’a sun yi la’akari da cigaba da yaduwar wannan Fahimta ta Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu matsayin wata barazana a garesu, wasu Ba’ari Masana tarihi sun bayyana cewa hatta cikin Hukumomi da suke kan Sunnanci tsantsa akwai alamar samuwar wannan Fahimta misalin hukumar Usmaniyyawa [32]

Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu

Littafin Wasilatu Khadim ila Makhdum dar Sharhe ceharda ma'asum (a.s) na Fadlullahi bin Ruzbahan Kunji

An samu fitattun mutane a fagage daban-daban da suke da wannan fahima [33] Rasul Jafariyan Masanin Tarihi ya tafi kan cewa tsakanin Karni na 8-10 h kamari Ahlus-Sunna sunyi rubuce-rubuce yawa gaske kan wannan Fahimta [34] daga rubuce-rubuce daban-daban na Addini da tarihi da Adabi (Wakoki da wasunsu) kusa da Khulafa’ur Rashin zaka Samu an kawo Imaman Shi’a da taken Hujjoji kuma Ma’asumai. [35] Ba’arin daga wadannan Mutane da suke kan wannan Fahimta ta Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu da kuma rubuce-rubuce da aka yi da wannan fahimta sun kasance karkashin bayanin da zai zo a kasa:

  • Mawallafin LIttafin Majmalul At-Atawarikh wal Al-Kasas, littafin da aka yi talifinsa a shekara ta 520 h kamari, ya kasance yana kan wannan Fahimta [36] cikin wannan littafi bayan ya kawo Tarihin Khulafa sai ya karkata zuwa ga kawo Tarihin Ma’asumai Goma sha hudu [37]
  • Abu Muhammad Abdul-Aziz Bn Muhammad Hanbali wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 611 ya rubuta Littafin (Ma’alimul Al-Itratil An-Nabawiyya wa Ma’arif Ahlil Albaitil Al-Fatimiyyatil Al-Alawiyya) domin bayanin Halin Imaman Shi’a tun daga Imam Ali (A.S) har zuwa kan Imam Mahadi (A.F) [38]
  • Muhammad Yusuf Ganji Shafi’i wanda ya mutu shekara ta 658 ya rubuta littafin Kifayatul Ad-Dalib, kan bayanin Falalolin Imam Ali (A.S) da Ahlil-Baiti (A.S) [39]
  • Hamdullahi Mustaufa wanda ya mutu bayan shekara 750 h kamari, cikin litttafin Tarikh Darguzide, ya kawo bayanin Halin Khulafa da A’imma cikin kawo sunan Imaman Shi’a ya jingina Kalmar A’imma Ma’asumai, [40] da kuma Hujjojin Allah kan Halittunsa [41] ya rubuta haka cikin littafin [42]
  • Shamsi Addini Muhamnmad Zarandi Hanafi wanda yam utu cikin shekara 750 h kamari, ya rubuta littafin Nazamu Durari As-Simdaini da kuma Ma’arijul Al-Wusul Ila Ma’arifati Fadhli Ale Rasul. [43]

Kajowi Kermani wanda mutu shekara ta 753 h kamari, cikin wakokinsa a gabar da yake shelanta barrantarsa daga Shi’anci ya yabi Imamai Goma sha biyu. [44]

  • Abdur-Rahman Jami wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara ta 817-898, ya kasance Mawaki kuma Bahannafe, Sufi `dan Darikar Nakhbashandiya, cikin rubuce-rubucensa ya yi suka kan `Yan Shi’a amma tare da haka ya bayyana soyayya da kaunarsa ga Ahlil-Baiti. [45]
  • Mulla Wa’iz Kashifi, wanda ya mutu shekara ta 910, yana cikin Mutane da ake ganin suna da fahimtar Sunnanci Mai Imamai Goma sha biyu, kuma cikin yawancin rubuce-rubucensa [46] za ka samu alamomin yaduwar zaman Makokin Imam Husaini (A.S) kamar misalin Littafinsa mai suna Raudatul Ash-Shuhada. [47]
  • Fadlullahi Bn Rozbahan Khunji Shafi’i wanda ya mutu shekara ta 930 cikin littafin Wasilatul Al-Khadim Ilal Al-Makdum, littafi ne da ya rubuta shi kan sharhin halin Ma’asumai Goma sha hudu. [48]
  • Shamsud Addini Muhammad Bn Tulun wanda ya mutu shekara ta 953 h kamari, cikin littafin Ash-Shazaratul Az-Zahabiyya fi Tarajimatil Al-A’immatil Al-isna Ashar Indal Al-imamiyya. [49]
  • Shahab Addini Ahmad Bn Hajar Haitami cikin littafin As-sawa’ikul Al-Muhrika Shafi’i wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekara 909-974. Ya rubuta wannan littafi ne don yin Raddi kan `Yan Shi’a, ya kawo Falalolin Ahlil-baiti (A.S) [50]
  • Jamalud Addini Abdullahi Bn Muhammad Shabrawi Shafi’i wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1092-1172 h Kamari cikin littafin Al-Ittihaf Bihubbil Al-Ashraf. ya yi Bayani kan Darajojinsu [51]
  • Sulaiman Bn Ibrahim Kanduzi Hanafi wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1220-1294 h kamari, cikin Littafin Yanbi’ul Al-Muwadda. Ya yi bayanin Darajojinsu. [52]
  • Mumin Bn Hassan Shablanzi Shafi’i wanda ya rayu tsakanin shekaru 1250-1308 h kamari, a cikin Littafin Nurul Al-Absar. Ya kawo Falalolinsu. [53]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh islam Iran, daga mamayar Mongul zuwa bushewar Turkmen, 1378, shafi na 255; Abui Mehrizi, "Mir Jamal al-Din Hosseini Jami's Kachkul and the reflection of Imami Sunan Shabiyu a cikinsa", shafi na 2; Masanin, "Suka da Littafin: Gano Gaskiya", shafi na 307.
  2. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tahsayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844.
  3. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tahsayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 843.
  4. ↑ Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 154.
  5. ↑ f>Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 151
  6. ↑ f>Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 151
  7. ↑ Karimi, Shah Ismail Safavi da Canjin Addini, 2018, shafi na 40..
  8. ↑ Daneshfaju, "Intkadi Kitab Kashaful Al-haka'ik", shafi na 307.
  9. ↑ Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 151Karimi, Shah Ismail Safavi wa tagyiru Mazhab, 2018, shafi na 40.
  10. ↑ Karimi, Shah Ismail Safavi da Canjin Addini, 2018, shafi na 2.Jafarian, "Mukaddima musahhihi", shafi na 27-33.
  11. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihi”, shafi na 26.
  12. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihi”, shafi na 26
  13. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihi”, shafi na 26
  14. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihi”, shafi na 26-27
  15. ↑ Jafarian, "Mukaddima Musahhihi", shafi na 26-27; Jafarian, Tarikh Iran Islam az yureshe Mogul ta zawali Turkmen, 1378, shafi na 255.
  16. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihi”, shafi na 26-27
  17. ↑ Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 151
  18. ↑ Ramadan Jamat wa Jadidi, “Awamil Mu'assir bar Shakale Giri wa gustareshhi Tsannun Dawazda Imami wa Tasir mutakabil An ba tashayyu dar Karne Nahon Hijri” shafi na 159-161
  19. ↑ Aminizadeh wa Ranjbar, Tasannun Dawazda“Imami Khorasan dar Saddehaye Hashtom wa Nahom, Zaminha wa Ilal” shafi na 66.
  20. ↑ Al-Shaibi, Tashayyu wa Tasawwuf, 1387, shafi na 143-146; Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 760-767; Basani, “Din wa ahade Maghul”, shafi na 517.
  21. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844.
  22. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddima Musahhihu”, shafi na 31
  23. ↑ Tarikh Guzideh, 2007, shafi na 201.
  24. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 840
  25. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844
  26. ↑ Smith,Kuruju wa Uruju Sarbadaran, 1361, shafi 82-92
  27. ↑ Samarqandi, Matla'a Saadain wa Majma Bahrain, 2013, juzu'i na 2, shafi 1021-1022
  28. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844
  29. ↑ Mazavi, PAidayeshe Daulat Safawi, 2008, shafi na 144.
  30. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddimeh Musahhihu”, shafi na 32.
  31. ↑ >Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 843
  32. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddimeh Musahhihu”, shafi na 31
  33. ↑ DaneshFajuhu, "Intikadu Kitab Kashaful Al-Haka'ik", shafi na 307-308.
  34. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Iran Islami Az Yureshe Mogul ta Zawal Turkman , 1378, shafi na 256.
  35. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddimeh Musahhihu”, shafi na 29
  36. ↑ Bui Mehrizi, "Mir Jamal al-Din Hosseini Jami's Kachkul wa Baztab Tasannun Dawzada Imami dar An", shafi na 2.
  37. ↑ Marubucin da ba a san shi ba, Majamal al-Tawarikh wa al-Qasas, 1318, shafi na 454-458
  38. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddimeh Musahhihu”, shafi na 29
  39. ↑ Jafarian, “Mukaddimeh Musahhihu”, shafi na 28
  40. ↑ Mostofi, Tarikh Guzideh, 2007, shafi na 201.
  41. ↑ Mostofi, Tarikh Guzideh, 2007, shafi na 201
  42. ↑ daneshfajuhu, "Intikad Kitab Kashaful Al-Haka'ik", shafi na 307; Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 842-843.
  43. ↑ daneshfajuhu, "Intikad Kitab Kashaful Al-Haka'ik", shafi na 307
  44. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 847
  45. ↑ Mayel Heravi, Sheikh Abdul Rahman Jami, 1377, shafi na 114-122.
  46. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844-846
  47. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Tashayyu Dar Iran, 2008, shafi na 844
  48. ↑ Jafarian, Tarikh Iran Islami Az Yuresh Mogul Ta Zawal Turkman, 1378, shafi na 255-256.
  49. ↑ daneshfajuhu, "Intikad Kitab Kashaful Al-Haka'ik", shafi na 307 29
  50. ↑ daneshfajuhu, "Intikad Kitab Kashaful Al-Haka'ik", shafi na 307
  51. ↑ Jafariyan Mukaddima Musahhihu 31
  52. ↑ Jafariyan Mukaddima Musahhihu 31
  53. ↑ Jafariyan Mukaddima Musahhihu 31

Nassoshi

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