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Mahadi Abbasi

Daga wikishia
Mahadi Abbasi
SunaMuhammad Bin Abdullah
MahaifiMansur Dawaniƙi
ƳaƴaHadi Abbasi• Haruna Rashid
MuƙamiHalifa na ukun cikin Abbasiyawa
SalsalaAbbasiyawa
Farkon mulkiShekara ta 158 ko 159
Ƙarshen mulkiShekara 169 hijira
Lokaci guda tare daImam Kazim
Muhimman matakaiYaƙar Rum da Indiya
KafinHadi Abbasi
BayanMansur Dawaniƙi


Mahadi Abbasi (Larabci: المهدي العباسي) shi ne Muhammad ɗan Mansur ya rayu daga shekara ta (126-169 hijira) halifan Banul Abbas na uku bayan Saffahu da Mansur Dawaniƙi, ya yi zamani ɗaya da Imam Kazim (A.S), Mahadi ya yi halifanci daga shekara ta 158 zuwa 169 hijira. game da abinda shafi aƙidar Mahadawiyya akwai masu ganin cewa, babanshi Mansur gangan ya yi masa laƙabi da Mahadi wanda aka yi alƙawarin zuwan shi, saboda irin tasirin da haka yake da shi a wancan lokacin. A shekara ta 159 hijira Mahadi Abbasi ya gayyaci Imam Kazim (A.S) zuwa Bagdad bayan nan sai ya tsare shi.

A farkon mulkin Mahadi Abbasi yaƙi yarda da kashe shi'a da takura musu, kai har ma ya saki ‍shi'a, ya ba su kuɗin da ake bawa sauran mutane, amma hakan bai ɗauki wani lokaci ba sai ya canja siyasarshi kan su. A lokacin mulkinshi an samu faruwar bore, sai dai kuma hukuma ta samu nasara wargaza masu boren, kamar yadda ya yaƙi Rum da Indiyaa lokuta daban-daban.

Halifancin Bani Abbas
Halifofi
Suna Lokacin Mulki
Saffahu Abbasi 132-136
Mansur Abbasi 136-158
Mahadi Abbasi 158-169
Hadi Abbasi 169-170
Haruna Abbasi 170-193
Amin Abbasi 193-198
Ma'amun Abbasi 198-218
Mu'utasim Abbasi 218-227
Wasiƙ Abbasi 227-232
Mutawakkil Abbasi 232-247
Muntasir Abbasi 247-248
Musta'in Abbasi 248-252
Mu'utaz Abbasi 252-255
Muhtadi Abbasi 255-256
Mu'utamid Abbasi 256-278
Mu'utad Abbasi 278-289
Muktafi 289-295
Muƙtadir 295-320
Ƙahir 320-322
Radi 322-329
Muttaƙi 329-333
Mustakfi 324-333
Muɗi'iu 334-363
Ɗa'i'u 363-381
Ƙadir 381-422
Abdullahi Ƙa'im 422-467
Muƙtadi 467-487
Mustazhir 487-512
Mustarshid 512-529
Mansur Rashid 529-530
Muƙtafi 530-555
Mustanjid 555-566
Mustadi'u 566-578
Annasiru Lidinillahi 578-622
Zahir 622-623
Mustansir 623-640
Musta'asim 640-656
Fitattun Sarakuna da Wazirai
ABu Muslim Khurasani • Abu Salma Khallal • Yahaya Bin Khalid Barmaki • Fadlu Bin Yahaya Barmaki • Jafar Bin Yahaya Barmaki • Hamid Bin Ƙahɗaba Ɗa'i • Ali Bin Bin Mahan • Fadlu Bin Rabi'i • Fadlu Bin Sahal • Ɗahir Bin Husaini • Azudud Daula Dailami • Isa Bi Yazid Jaludi
Imamai da suka yi zamani tare da sarakunan Abbasiyawa
Imam Sadiƙ • Imam Kazim • Imam Rida • Imam Jawad • Imam Hadi • Imam Askari| • Imam Mahadi (A.F)
Muhimman Abubuwa Da Suka Faru
Miƙewar Nafsuz Zakiyya • Waƙi'ar Fakkhi


Tarihin Mahadi Abbasi

Muhammadu ɗan Abdullahi ɗan Muhammadu ɗan Ali ɗan Abdullahi ɗan Abbas mai laƙabi da Mahadi[1] shi ne halifa na uku cikin bayan Saffahu da Mansur Dawaniƙi a jerin halifofin banul Abbas,[2] an haife shi a shekara ta 126 hijira, a garin Hamima kusa da Makka,[3] Abu Mansur shi ne ya rene shi, tin yana ƙarami ya ba shi wasu muhimman muƙamai.[4]

A shekara ta 147 hijira Mansur ya ayyana shi a matsayin yarima mai jiran gado,[5] ya kasance sananne wajan kaifin basira da karamci da hali mai kyau,[6] ya zama halifa bayan babanshi a ranar sha bakwai ga watan Zil-Hijja a shekara ta 158[7] ko 159 hijira.[8]

Mahadi Abbasi yana da `ya`ya guda biyu Hadi da Haruna, kuma ya ayyana ko wane ɗaya daga cikinsu a mastayin yarima mai jiran gadon mulki, ɗaya bayan ɗaya,[9] duk da a ƙarshan rayuwarshi ya yi nadamar naɗa Hadi a matsayin yarimanshi, amma bai iya tuɓe shi ba kazalika ya kasa canja yanayin.[10]


Yi Mishi Laƙabi Da Mahdi

Masu nazari na wannan zamanin sun yi imani cewa Muhammad ɗan Mansur an yi mishi laƙabi da Mahadi ne domin neman goyan bayan mutane gare shi,[11] domin ya fuskanci Nafsuz Zakiyya wanda shi yana daga cikin masu da'awar Mahadiwiyya,[12] saboda haka Abbasiyawa suka yi ƙoƙari canja Mahadi da ake jira wanda aka ambata cikin hadisin Annabi (S.A.W) zuwa Mahadi na Abbasiyawa domin ci gaba da mulki da wanzuwa a hannun Abbasiyawa da kuma samin goyan baya daga mutane da irin wannan tinanin.[13]

Wafatin MahadiAbbasi

Mahadi Abbasi ya rasu a shekara ta 166 hijira[14] ko 169[15] bayan karɓar shugabanci da shekara goma a cikin yankin da ake kira da Masabizan[16] wani yanki da ake kira da Ilam a cikin ƙasar Iran a wani guri da ake kira da Ruz[17] amma akwai saɓani kan yadda ya mutu, ta hanyar guba ne aka kashe shi ko kuma ya mutu ne a yayin da yake farautar Barewa.[18] Yadda Mahadi Abbasi yake Kallon Imam Kazim(A.S) Mahadi Abbasi ya gayyato Imam Kazim (A.S) daga Madina zuwa Bagdad a shekara ta 159 hijira bayan haka kuma ya tsare shi,[19] Imami na bakwai ya rantse ba zai jagoranci yunƙurin kifar da gwamnati ba, saboda haka sai Mahadi Abbasi ya saki Imam Kazim (A.S) kuma ya ci gaba da sa idanu kan Imam har zuwa ƙarshen mulkinshi,[20] wasu masu bincike a wannan zamanin sun tafi kan cewa rarrabuwar`yanshi'a bayan shahadar Imam Sadiƙ (A.S) ta janyo disashewar farin jinin Imam Kazim (A.S), kuma hakan shi ne ya sa Imam ya koma yin aiki da taƙiyya[21] saboda haka daular Abbasiyya ba ta ɗauki wani mataki kan Imam Kazim (A.S) da mutananshi ba,[22] ta haka ya janyo sauran mabiya ƙungiyoyi na Shi'a suka haɗe da Imam Kazim (A.S) kuma da haka ne Imamiyya tafi ƙarfi daga sauran ƙungiyoyin shi'a, kuma hakan ne ya sa Mahadi Abbasi ya shiga damuwa, kuma hakan ya sa ya tsare Imam Kazim (A.S).[23]

MatsayarSa Kan Shi'a

Da farko Mahadi Abbasi ya kasance yana neman mutane su yardar da shi,[24] hakan ya sa ya fara mayar da kuɗaɗan da aka karɓa a gun mutane da ƙarfi ba da yardarsu ba, wanda a wancan lokacin mutane sun yi fushi sosai masamma kuɗin da aka kwato daga gun `yanshi'a an mayar musu, to da haka ne ya yi ƙoƙarin neman yardarsu,[25] ya dakatar ansar kuɗi daga gun `yanshi'a da kashe su da takura musu kuma ya sa an sake su daga gidan kaso,[26] kuma ya sa aka ayyana musu albashi, sai dai cewa wannan yanayi bai ci gaba ba, sai komai ya canza, siyasarshi ta canza kan `yanshi'a, ya fara azabtar da su da cutar da su da takura musu.[27]

Bayan Mahadi Abbasi ya yi ƙarfi, sai ya ɗauki matakai na cikin gida, kuma hakan ya kai ga samun tsaro daidai gwargwado cikin al'umma a lokacin mulkinshi, saboda haka wasu suka yi imani da cewa lakacin mulkinshi wata marhala ce ta samun canji daga yanayi na tsauri da takura da halifofin Abbasiyawa da suka gabace Mahadi Abbasi Saffahu da Mansur suka kasance suna yi kan `yanshi'a, zuwa wata marhala ta samun daidaito da tausayi daga halifofin da suka biyo bayan Mahadi Abbasi.[28]

Daƙile Yunƙurin Juyin Mulki Da Kuma Yaƙar Rum Da Indiya

An yi yunƙurin kawo sauyi iri-iri a lokacin mulkin Mahadi Abbasi, a farko Mahadi ya daƙile motsi da yunƙuri na harkar Zanadiƙa wanda ta kasance tana yaɗuwa kaɗa-kaɗan.[29][Tsokaci 1]

Yunƙurin Muƙni'a[30] da na Yusuf Albarma a shekara ta 160 hijira a Khurasan.[31] da yunƙurin Abdullahi ɗan Marwan a shekara ta 161 hijira a Sham[32] da yunƙuri na Khawarij da shugabanci Abdus-Salam Yashkura.[33] waɗanan duk sun faru ne a lokacin mulkin Mahadi Abbasi kuma duka ya daƙile su.[34]

Mahadi Abbasi ya yaƙi Rum a lkuta daban-daban, akwai lokacin da ya tura Abbas ɗan Muhammad a shekara ta 159 tare da sojoji masu yawa zuwa Rum, sojojin suka ci gaba da tafiya har suka kai wani yanki na Asiya ƙarama[35] a wani lokacin kuma a shekara ta 165 ya aike da sojoji da shugabacin ɗan shi Haruna zuwa Rum, kuma har sun kai yankin da ake kira Kalijil ƙasɗanɗaniyya,[36] kazalika ya tura sojoji a shekara ta 160 zuwa Indiya ta hanyar teku, suka mamaye garin Barbad bayan killace shi.[37]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Bayanan kafa Al-Tabari, Tarikh Al'umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 110.
  2. ↑ Al-Masoudi, Muruj Azzahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 501-502.
  3. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Albidaya Wan Nihaya, juzu'i. 1,shafi. 151.
  4. ↑ Al-Qarashi, Mausu'atu Siratil Ahlil-Baiati Alaihimus Salam, juzu'i. 28, shafi. 379.
  5. ↑ Takush, Tarikhud Daulati al-Abbasiyya, shafi. 74.
  6. ↑ Al-Masoudi, Al-Tanbih wa Al-Ishraf, Alkahira, shafi. 297; Ibn Al-Taqtaqi, Al-Fakhri, shafi. 179.
  7. ↑ Al-Dinawari, Al-Akhbarul Attiwal, shafi. 386.
  8. ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Albad'u Wat Tarikhi, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 95.
  9. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 124.
  10. ↑ Al-Yaqubi, at-Tarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 401.
  11. ↑ شبكة المعارف الإسلامية
  12. ↑ Ibn al-Taqtaqi, al-Fakhri, shafi. 120.
  13. ↑ شبكة المعارف الإسلامية
  14. ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Albnad'u Wat Da Tarikhi, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 99.
  15. ↑ Al-Yaqubi,At-Tarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 401.
  16. ↑ Al-Yaqubi,At-Tarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 401.
  17. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 168.
  18. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 168.
  19. ↑ Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-Khawass, shafi. 313.
  20. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, Al-Kamil, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 85.
  21. ↑ Hussaini, Tarikh Siyasi Gaibat Imam Dawazdohom (A.F), shafi na. 65.
  22. ↑ Lujnatul Talif, A’lam al-Hidayah, juzu'i. 9, shafi. 96.
  23. ↑ Al-Qarashi, Mausu'atu Sirati Ahlil-Baiti Alaihimus Salam, juzu'i. 28, shafi. 461.
  24. ↑ Takush, Tarikhul Addualatil Abbasiyya, shafi. 75.
  25. ↑ Al-Yaqubi, Attarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 394.
  26. ↑ Al-Yaqubi, Attarikhul Al-Yaqubi, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 394.
  27. ↑ Al-Qurashi, Hayatul Imam Musa ibn Ja'afar, juzu'i. 1, shafi. 465.
  28. ↑ Takush, Tarikhul Addaulatil Abbasiyya, shafi. 75.
  29. ↑ Takush, Tarikhul Addaulatil Abbasiyya, shafi na 76 da kuma na gaba.
  30. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 135; Ibn Maskawayh, Tajarubul Al-umam, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 466; Al-Maqdisi, Albada'u Wat Tarikh, Juzu'i. 6, shafi. 97; Ibn Al-Athir, Al-Kamil, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 38; Al-Dhahabi, Tarikhul Al-Islam, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 5; Ibn Al-Ibri, Mukhtasar Tarikhil Adduwal, shafi. 126.
  31. ↑ Al-Yaqubi, Attarikhul Al-Yaqubi, Beirut, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 397; Al-Tabari, Tarikh Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 124; Al-Maqdisi, Albada'u Wat Tarikh, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 97; Ibn Al-Athir, Al-Kamil, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 43.
  32. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 135.
  33. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 142.
  34. ↑ Takush, Tarikhul Addaulatil Abbasiya, shafi na 79-80.
  35. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 144.
  36. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 15w2
  37. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Muluk, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 116. Ibn al-Athir, Al-Kamil, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 46.

Tsokaci

  1. ↑ Ya bayar da umarni da a kafa wata ƙungiya don yaƙi da masu ra'ayin zindiƙanci, kuma aka sanya mata suna Zanadiƙa'. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance mai tsauri wajen yaƙi da zindiƙai, har ta tuhumi ƙungiyoyi da dama da wannan laifi.

Nassoshi

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