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Hadi Abbasi

Daga wikishia
Hadi Abbasi
SunaMusa Bin Mahadi Bin Mansur
LaƙabiHadi Abbasi
MahaifiyaKhizuran
ƳaƴaJafar
Mahallin kabariIsa Abad
MuƙamiHalifi na huɗu cikin halifofin Abbasiyawa
SalsalaAbbasiyawa
Farkon mulkiShekara ta 169 hijira
Ƙarshen mulkiShekara ta 170 hijira
Lokaci guda tare daImam Kazim (A.S)
Muhimman matakaiMurƙushe boren Fakkhi, Mu'amala da Imam Kazim
KafinHaruna Rashid
BayanMahadi Abbasi


Hadi Abbasi, (Larabci: الهادي العباسي) shi ne Musa ɗan Mahadi ɗan Mansur (Rayuwa: 145-170 hijira) ya kasance halifa na 4 daga cikin Abbasiyawa. Ya yi mulki na tsawon watanni 14, an kasance ana sawa Alawiyyawa ido a lokacin mulkinshi, kuma ya yanke musu albashi, a lokacinshi anyi bore na Sahibul Fakkhi a Madina, sai dai kuma an daƙile wannan bore da umarnin wannan halifa, Hadi Abbasi yana ganin dalilin da yasa aka yi wannan yunƙuri na kifar da gwamnatinshi da boren Sahibil Fakkhi, shi ne Imam Kazim (A.S), kamar yadda wasu litattafai suka naƙalto, saboda haka ne ya kasance yana yunƙurin kashe Imam Kazim (A.S), kazalika Hadi ya yi siyasa irin ta mahaifinshi kan Zandiƙai inda ya koresu kuma ya kashe na kashewa daga cikinsu.

Litattafan tarihi sun naƙalto cewa Hadi Abbasi ya kasance yana so ya naɗa ɗanshi a matsayin yarimanshi a madadin Harunaa, amma bai yi nasara kan hakan ba, a ƙarshe sai ɗan uwanshi Harunaa ne ya zama halifa bayanshi.

Tarihin Hadi Abbasi

Musa ɗan Mahadi ɗan Mansur, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Hadi shi ne halifa na huɗu cikin halifofin Abbasiyawa bayan Saffahu da Mansur Dawaniƙi da Mahadi Abbasi,[1] babanshi shi ne Mahadi Abbasi mahaifiyarshi kuma ta kasance baiwa wace ake kira da Khizuran,[2] ya fara mulki yana ɗan shekara 25 a watan Muharram a shekara ta 169 hijira[3] a lakocin da ya fara mulki shi ne mafi ƙarancin shekaru a cikin halifofin Abbasiyawa waɗanda suka gabace shi.[4]

Mahadi Abbasi ya kasance yana kula da ɗanshi Mahadi[5] hakan ya kai shi da naɗa shi a matsayin yarima mai jiran gado kuma shugaban sojojinshi, a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 16[6]Mahadi a ƙarshan rayuwarshi ya yi ƙoƙarin tuɓe ɗan uwanshi Haruna daga matsayin yarima kuma ya maye gurbinshi da ɗanshi, amma sai ya rasu, bai cimma hadafinshi ba.[7]

A lokacin da Mahadi Abbasi ya mutu ɗanshi Hadi yana garin Jurjan[8] yana yaƙar mutanan ƊAbaristan,[9] kuma ɗan uwanshi Haruna ya yi mishi bai'a kan ya zama halifa a wannan ranar da mahaifinsu ya mutu,[10] kuma ya karɓawa ɗan uwanashi bai'a daga manyan Abbasiyawa da kwamandojin sojoji.[11]

Hadi shi ne ya kasance halifan Abbasiyawa na huɗu, da ya yi ƙoƙarin kwace matsayin yarima daga gun ɗan uwanshi Haruna, ɗanshi Jafar ɗan shekara 7[12] ya kasance yana koyi da shi wannan ɗanshi sunanshi Jafar[13] Kuma wajan koyi da shi ya yi mutiƙar ƙoƙari[14] Hadi ya yi ƙoƙari ya gamsar da Haruna yabar matsayinshi na yarima mai jinran gado, sai Haruna ya gudu, bai dawo ba har ƙarshan kalifancin Hadi.[15]

Hadi ya kasance ƙaƙƙarfan mutum[16] haziƙi da ya iya gudanar da gwamnati kuma yana da karamci, sai dai ya kasance mutum mai tsanani sosai da nuna ɓangaranci,[17] ya kasance ana yi mishi laƙabi da Musa Aɗibaƙ, saboda tawayar da yake da ita a leɓanshi,[18] kuma ya kasance mutum mai son Adabi da tarihi da waƙa.[19]


Mutuwa

Hadi ya yi mulki zuwa shekara 14, ya mutu a Bagdad a shekara ta 170 hijira,[20] yana ɗan shekara 25[21] ko 26[22] ya zo cewa ya yi rashin lafiya ya mutu. Amma akwai wanda ya yi imani cewa an kashe shi ne da umarnin mahaifiyarshi,[23] Haruna Rashid ne ya yi mishi sallah, sai aka binne shi a wani guri da ake kira Isah Abad a Bagdad.[24]

Matsaya Kan Alawiyyawa

Ya zo a cikin litattafan tarihi cewa halifa Hadi Abbasi ya kasance mai tsanantawa Alawiyyawa, kuma ya yanke musu albashi wanda Mahadi Abbasi ya kasance yana ba su a lokacinshi,[25] Abul Faraj Isfahani ya ce Hadi ya ɗauki wannan mataki ne saboda jin tsoran bore daga Alawiyyawa,[26] kamar yadda ya umarci gwamnoninshi da su sa ido kan duk wani motsi na Alawiyyawa, kuma su zuba ƴanleƙan asiri a cikinsu,[27] Sannan an tilastawa Alawiyyawa halartar gidan gwamnati a ko wane dare, domin su tabbatar cewa suna nan.[28]

Murƙushe Yunƙurin Bore Ha Fakkhi

Babban labari: Miƙewar Fakkhi

Hadi Abbasi ya tsanantawa Alawiyyawa a ƙasar Hijaz ta hanyar takura musu, domin fita daga wannan hali mai wahala, sai Alawiyyawa suka koma zuwa ga babbansu mai suna Husaini ɗan Ali ɗan Hassan wanda shi ɗaya ne daga cikin jikokin Imam Ali (A.S) suka zugo shi da tinzira shi kan yin ɓore wa gwamnatin Hadi,[29] duk da haka akwai wanda ya yi imani cewa Husaini ɗan Ali wanda aka fi sani da Sahibul Fakkhi ya kasance yana jiran ya yi mulki, kuma ya kasnce yana ganin mulki haƙƙi ne na Alawiyyawa, duk da cewa an takura musu, amma zalinci irin na Hadi Abbasi ne ya bawa Husaini wannan damar ta yin bore.[30]

Lokacin da dalilai suka tabbata, kawai sai ɓore da yunƙurin kifar da gwamnati ya fara, hakan ta faru ne a shekara ta 169 hijira,[31] a farkon wannan yinƙuri na shi ya yi umarnin ƙwato Madina da ƙwato waɗanda suke tsare a gidan yari,[32] Husain ɗan Ali ɗan Hassan ya tsare duk wasu masu muƙami a gwamanatin Abbasiyawa,[33] ya Sanya masallacin Annabi (S.A.W) ya zama cibiya ta mulkinshi, sannan sai ya juya zuwa garin Makka, ya sauka da sojojinshi a wani guri da ake kira da Fakkhi wanda yake da nisan mil shida daga Makka.[34]

Ana cikin haka ne sai ga sojojin Hadi Abbasi da shugabanci Isah ɗan Musa a wannan guri da ake kira da Fakkhu,[35] sai aka fara fafata yaƙi a tsakaninsu inda hakan ya kai ga kashe Husaini da mutananshi,[36] wannan yaƙi da ya faru ya yi fice a tarihi da sunan waƙi'atul Fakkhi, shi kuma Husaini ana kiran shi da shahidin Fakkhi,[37] ya zo daga Imam Jawad (A.S) cewa ya ce babu wata musiba bayan Karbala mafi tsanani kuma mafi muni kamar waƙi'ar Fakkhi,[38] kamar yadda aka yi waƙoƙi da yawa na juyayin abin da ya same su.[39]

Matsaya Kan Imam Kazim (A.S)

Hadi Abbasi ya tuhumi Imam Kazim (A.S) da angiza Alawiyyawa domin su yi ɓore ga gwamnatinsa bayan yinƙurin Fakkhi, kuma yana ganin wannan shi ne babban dalili na yin wannan ɓore, masu bincike sun ambaci cewa saboda wannan ne dalili Hadi ya yi yinƙurin kashe Imami na 7, amma kafin ya aiwatar da haka sai ya mutu.[40]

Ci gaba Da Siyasar Danne Zandiƙai

Hadi Abbasi ya bi siyasa irin ta mahaifinshi ta nuna tsana da tsangwama kan Zandiƙai da korarsu da azabtar da su,[41] hakan ya kai da kashe da yawa daga cikinsu,[42] waɗanda aka kashe kamar Yazdan ɗan Bazan,[43] da wasu gungun mutane da suka fita zuwa yankin Jazira.[44]

Bayanin kula

  1. ↑ Al-Masoodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 324 da 501-502.
  2. ↑ Al-Masoodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 324 da 324.
  3. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya Wan Nihaya, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 157.
  4. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Daulatil Al-Abbasiyya, shafi. 87.
  5. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya Wan Nihaya, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 159.
  6. ↑ Al-Khizri, Tarikh Khilafat Abbasi, 2004, shafi. 51.
  7. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Daulatil Al-Abbasiyya, shafi. 89.
  8. ↑ Al-Dinuri, Al-Akhbar al-Tiwwal, 1368, shafi. 386; Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya Wan Nihaya, Beirut, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 157; Ibn Atham, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 371; Ibn Qutaiba, al-Maarif, 1992, shafi. 380.
  9. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam Wal al-Maluk, 1387H, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 187; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamel, 1965, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 87; Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazem, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 305; Ibn Khaldun, Tarikh Ibn Khaldun, 1408H, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 268.
  10. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazem, 1412 AH, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 305.
  11. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, Beirut, vol. 2, shafi. 404; Al-Masoudi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 324.
  12. ↑ Ibn Hazm, Juzu'i Mehrah Ansab al-Arab, 1403 AH, shafi. 23.
  13. ↑ Al-Masodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 333; Ibn Kathir, Al-Bidaya Wan Nihaya, Beirut, vol. 10, ku. 158; Ibn Maskawayh, Tajarubul Al-umam, 1379, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 490.
  14. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamel, 1965, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 96.
  15. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Addualatil Al-Abbasiya, shafi. 89.
  16. ↑ Al-Masoudi, al-Tanbihu Wal Ishraf, Alkahira, shafi. 297.
  17. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Addaulatil Al-Abbasiya, shafi. 87.
  18. ↑ Ibn Al-Omarani, Al-Inba, 1421H, shafi na 73; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamel, 1965, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 101.
  19. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Addualatil Al-Abbasiya, shafi. 87.
  20. ↑ Ibn Atham, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 372.
  21. ↑ Al-Masoudi, al-Tanbihu Wal Ishraf, Alkahira, shafi. 297.
  22. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, Beirut, vol. 2, shafi. 406; Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamel, 1965, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 101.
  23. ↑ Ibn Maskawayh, Tajarubul A-umam, 1379, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 488; Ibn Imad al-Hanbali, Shazrat al-Dhahab, 1406 AH, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 314.
  24. ↑ Tabari, Tarikhul Al’umam Wal Al-muluk, 1387H, juzu’i. 8, shafi. 205; Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, Beirut, vol. 2, ku. 406; Al-Dinuri, Al-Akhbar al-Tawwal, 1368, shafi. 386.
  25. ↑ Al-Isfahani, al-Agani, 1994, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 6.
  26. ↑ Al-Isfahani, al-Agani, 1994, juzu'i. 5, shafi. 6.
  27. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Addaulatil Al-Abbasiya, shafi. 88.
  28. ↑ Hussein, Tarikh Siyasi Gaibat Imam Dawazdahom, 2004, shafi na 67.
  29. ↑ Al Yaqoubi, Tarikh Al Yaqoubi, Beirut, juzu'i. 2, shafi. 404.
  30. ↑ Al-Isfahani, Muqatil al-Talibeyin, Beirut, shafi. 372.
  31. ↑ Ibn Kathir, al-Badaiya wa al-Nihaya, Beirut, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 157.
  32. ↑ Ibn al-Taqtaqi, al-Fakhri, 1418 AH, shafi. 189.
  33. ↑ Khazri, Tarikhe Khilafat Abbasi, 1383, shafi. 52.
  34. ↑ Ibn al-Taqtaqi, al-Fakhri, 1418 AH, shafi. 190.
  35. ↑ Al-Maqdisi, Al-Mashad Wat Tarikh, Beirut, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 99.
  36. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Maluk, 1387H, juzu'i. 8, shafi na 192-204; Al-Masoodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi na 326-327; Al-Isfahani, Muqatil al-Talibeen, Beirut, shafi na 364-385.
  37. ↑ Taqhosh, Tarikhul Addaulatil Al-Abbasiya, shafi. 89.
  38. ↑ Ibn Anba, Umdatut Talib, 1417H, shafi na 164.
  39. ↑ Al-Masoodi, Moruj al-Dahahab, 1409 AH, juzu'i. 3, shafi. 337.
  40. ↑ Hussein, Tarikhe Siyasi Gaibat ImamiDawazdahom, 2004, shafi na 67.
  41. ↑ Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, Beirut, vol. 10, shafi. 157.
  42. ↑ Ibn al-Athir, al-Kamel, 1965, juzu'i. 6, shafi. 89.
  43. ↑ Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Umam Wa al-Maluk, 1387, juzu'i. 8, shafi. 190; Al-Dhahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413H, juzu'i. 10, shafi. 33.
  44. ↑ Khazri, Tarikhe Khilafate Abbasi, 1383, shafi. 52.

Nassoshi

  • Al-Dinuri, Ahmed bin Dawud, Akhbar al-Tiwal, bincike: Abd al-Moneim Amer, Kum, Mansurat al-Razi, 1368.
  • Al-Zahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Tarikhul Islma Wa Wafyatul Al-Mashahir Wal A'alam, bincike: Omar Abd al-Salam Tadmari, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, juzu'i na 2, 1413H.
  • Al-Tabari, Muhammad Bin Jarir, Tarikhul Al'umam Wal Al-muluk, Bincike: Muhammad Abul-Fazl Ibrahim, Beirut, Dar Al-Turath Al-Arabi, 1387H.
  • Al-Masoudi, Ali Ibn Al-Husayn, Al-Tanbihu Wal Ishraf, edited by Abdullah Ismail Al-Sawi, Cairo, Dar Al-Sawi, D.T.
  • Al-Masoudi, Ali bin Hossein, Moruj Al-Dhahab Waa Ma'adin Al-Jawhar, bincike: Asaad Daghar, Kum, Dar al-Hijrah, 1409H.
  • Al-Maqdisi, Motaher bin Taher, Al-Bada'u Wat Tarikh, Beirut, Al-Taqfah al-Taqfah al-Diniya, D.T.
  • Al-Yaqoubi, Ahmed bin Abi Yaqoob, Tarikh Al-Yaqoubi, Beirut, Dar Sadir, D.T.
  • Hussein, Jassim, Tarikhe Siyasi Gaibate Imam Dawazdahom, wanda Sayyid Muhammad Taqi Ayatullah ya fassara, Tehran, Amir Kabir, 1376.
  • Khizri, Sayyid Ahmad Reza, Tarikhe Khilafate Abbasi, Tehran, Samt, 2013.
  • Taqosh, Sohail, Tarikhul Addaulatil Al-Abbasiya, translation: Hojatullah Jodki, Qum, Center for Al-Hawza and Jama'ah Studies, 1380.
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